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61. 题目: Dynamics of Organic and Black Carbon in High-Altitude soils: Insights from Morphological, Chemometric, and Environmental Analyses
文章编号: N25070302
期刊: Environmental Pollution
作者: Karthik Venkatraman, Vijay Bhaskar Bojan, S Ramachandran, Qianlai Zhuang
更新时间: 2025-07-03
摘要: Black carbon (BC), an emerging contaminant and significant climate forcer, enters soil through deposition after residing in the atmosphere. Despite its role in long-term carbon storage and cycling, BC remains understudied in soil due to limited knowledge of its complex physical and chemical characteristics, variability, and fate. This knowledge gap is particularly prominent in India, a global BC emission hotspot, especially in its fragile mountainous ecosystems. To address this, a three-year (2020–2023) study investigated BC and soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics across various land-use types in Kodaikanal, a high-altitude region in the Western Ghats of southern India. BC and SOC variations were assessed over time using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to analyse morphological, structural, and chemical characteristics. Results revealed strong seasonal and inter-annual variability in BC concentrations across land-use types. The BC/SOC ratio was highest in fire-prone forests, suggesting wildfire-induced BC accumulation, while urban BC was linked to tourism and vehicular emissions. SEM-EDX and FTIR confirmed the presence of condensed aromatic BC structures, with lignin and cellulose dominating forest and agricultural soils. Environmental factors such as temperature, precipitation, and soil mineral composition significantly influenced BC and SOC distribution. These findings challenge the assumption of BC’s high recalcitrance, highlighting its dynamic nature and emphasizing the need for detailed seasonal-scale studies to better understand the stability and sequestration potential of BC that can enable devising better environmental management strategies.

62. 题目: Differences in straw derived hydrophilic and hydrophobic carbon incorporation into soil microbial necromass
文章编号: N25070301
期刊: Soil Biology and Biochemistry
作者: Jun Zhang, Fenghua Zhang, Lei Yang
更新时间: 2025-07-03
摘要: Microorganisms are important modulators for transformation and allocation of straw-derived carbon into soil organic carbon (SOC). However, little is known about how straw-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) is converted into microbial necromass carbon in soil. To address this, hydrophilic (Hi-DOM) and hydrophobic (Ho-DOM) carbon fractions were extracted from cotton straw and added to soil with a 10-year history of straw incorporation for a 45-day mineralization incubation. CO₂ emissions and ¹³C enrichment after addition of ¹³C-labeled Hi-and Ho-DOM into soil were analyzed, and the differences between the utilization of Hi-and Ho-DOM by microorganisms, as well as their incorporation into amino sugars were also determined. The results revealed that during the initial incubation phase (0.25-5 days), the mineralization rate of Hi-DOM was 1.1-2.7 times faster than that of Ho-DOM. Furthermore, cumulative CO₂ production gradually increased during the incubation, and by the end of the experiment, Hi-DOM yielded 1.4 times more CO₂ than Ho-DOM. Moreover, both Hi-DOM and Ho-DOM exhibited a positive priming effect. Similarly, the ¹³C content derived from Hi-DOM (0.48 mg g⁻¹) was noticeably higher than that from Ho-DOM (0.41 mg g⁻¹) in SOC. Residual ¹³C from Hi-DOM and Ho-DOM accounted for 20.1% and 35.6% of the total added carbon, respectively, indicating the dependence of microbial C uptake on substrate quality. Higher ¹³C-GlcN and ¹³C-MurN levels were witnessed in Ho-DOM and Hi-DOM-treated soils, respectively. Furthermore, Hi-DOM-treated soil exhibited higher bacterial necromass ¹³C and total microbial necromass ¹³C than Ho-DOM-treated soil, suggesting a fungal preference for complex compounds while bacteria preferred the utilization of simpler substrates for amino sugar formation. Furthermore, Hi-DOM exhibited prolonged and faster soil activity, as evidenced by significantly increased Hi-DOM-sourced ¹³C enrichment percentages in the amino sugar pool by the end of incubation. In conclusion, the distinct properties of straw-derived DOM can alter the intensity and magnitude of its conversion into microbial necromass carbon. Combined with the differential contributions of newly formed microbial residues to the SOC pool, this study enhances predictions of how straw carbon incorporation influences microbial carbon storage capacity and SOC sequestration potential.

63. 题目: Coagulation for pretreatment of blackwater from septic tank: performance, mechanism and dissolved organic matter removal property
文章编号: N25070207
期刊: Separation and Purification Technology
作者: Changjun He, Shikun Cheng, Zhen Yang, Zifu Li
更新时间: 2025-07-02
摘要: Coagulation plays a crucial role in the safe management of fecal sludge and the recovery of blackwater (BW) resources. However, the performance of coagulation and the mechanisms of pollutant removal during BW pretreatment remain unclear. This study systematically evaluates the performance and mechanisms of action of trivalent (FeCl₃, AlCl₃) and tetravalent (ZrCl₄, TiCl₄) metal coagulants in the treatment of BW. Spectroscopic analyses and FT-ICR MS revealed the removal characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM), while FTIR, XPS, and KMD elucidated the coagulation mechanisms. The study found significant differences in optimal dosages: 40 mg/L for trivalent metal coagulants and 30mg/L for tetravalent metal coagulants. Tetravalent metal coagulants demonstrated superior removal efficiency for total organic carbon (TOC, 44.45–44.92 %), chemical oxygen demand (COD, 57.98–59.39 %), and colour (57.4–57.5 %) compared to FeCl₃ (41.94 %, 47.26 %, 55.62 %) and AlCl₃ (40.76 %, 45.56 %, 45.52 %). However, trivalent coagulants exhibited better performance in the removal of total phosphorus (TP) and phosphate ions (PO₄^3-). Mechanistic studies indicate that the hydrolysis products of tetravalent metal coagulants form stronger hydrogen bonds and complexation interactions with oxygen and nitrogen functional groups in DOM, resulting in enhanced removal of aromatic compounds and high-molecular-weight substances. This study is the first to comprehensively reveal the differentiated mechanisms of metal coagulants with varying valence states in BW treatment. Its findings hold significant guiding value for the large-scale, safe management and resource utilization of BW, while also providing direction for the development of new environmentally friendly coagulants.

64. 题目: Investigation of renewable solvents for the extraction of aromatic acids
文章编号: N25070206
期刊: Separation and Purification Technology
作者: Alexander Kaufmann, Lars Häcker, Sarah Kunihs, Marlene Kienberger
更新时间: 2025-07-02
摘要: The aromatic acids p-hydroxybenzoic acid (HBAC), vanillic acid (VANAC), and syringic acid (SYRAC) are important chemicals applied in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. One possible production route is the wet oxidation of the macromolecule lignin, resulting in an acidic aqueous solution of aromatic acids, that can be recovered by a solvent extraction procedure.In this work, 14 solvents that can be produced from renewable resources grouped by ethers, esters, fatty alcohols, terpenes, and terpenoids, including Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvents (HDES) are screened for their extraction efficiency of the components HBAC, VANAC, and SYRAC. The experiments consisted of solvent extractions with a model solution, followed by a back-extraction with 0.1 M NaOH, to determine the overall extraction efficiency. Analyte concentrations were determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Mutual solubility was measured by Total Organic Carbon analysis and Karl-Fischer titration. The number of theoretical separation stages for a counter-current extraction was calculated applying the solvent 1-octanol.The highest extraction efficiency for HBAC and VANAC was achieved by the ether 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran with 99.00 %, and 98.06 % at a value of 94.87 % for SYRAC, facing drawbacks of high mutual solubility. The terpenoid geraniol yielded the highest extraction efficiency for SYRAC with 96.57 % at numbers of 97.76 % for HBAC, and 97.89 % for VANAC. The highest and nearly complete recovery of HBAC and VANAC was achieved by the solvents 1-octanol and geraniol at a SYRAC-recovery of 85.67 %, and 85.47 %, respectively. The highest recovery of SYRAC was reached by the HDES, consisting of 80 mol.% fenchol and 20 mol.% 1-dodecanol with 87.15 %. In general, investigated HDES face drawbacks when contacted with 0.1 M NaOH, which led to problems such as hydrolysis or the establishment of a third phase. The number of theoretical separation stages to extract 99 % of aromatic acids at a solvent to feed ratio of 1:1 applying 1-octanol was calculated to be 1.67 for HBAC, 1.78 for VANAC, and 1.87 for SYRAC.

65. 题目: Soil carbon accrual and crop production enhanced by sustainable subsoil management
文章编号: N25070205
期刊: Nature Geoscience
作者: Zheng-Rong Kan, Zhenzhen Li, Wulf Amelung, Hai-Lin Zhang, Rattan Lal, Roland Bol, Xinmin Bian, Jian Liu, Yaguang Xue, Feng-Min Li, Haishui Yang
更新时间: 2025-07-02
摘要:

Soil conservation practices such as no-till and straw mulching have been practised worldwide, but they frequently show low potential to increase organic carbon and crop grain production, especially in rice paddy systems. Here a ditch-buried straw return technique is proposed to co-enhance soil carbon and crop yield in paddy systems through injection of straw into the subsoil. This technique can protect most of the surface soil and disturb only 10% of the whole field through deep tillage. A 15-year ditch-buried straw return experiment in rice–wheat cropping has shown that compared to the dominant rotary-tillage straw return management, grain yield was increased under ditch-buried straw return by 15% without any additional fertilization inputs. Ditch-buried straw return also increased soil organic carbon stocks at 0–40 cm depth by 46% (17.2 Mg ha⁻¹) mainly through the enhanced conversion of straw-derived carbon into mineral-associated fungal necromass. Overall, ditch-buried straw return decreased net CO₂ equivalent emissions by 34% and increased net economic benefits by 18%. Joint enhancements of soil organic carbon and crop yield under ditch-buried straw return were further validated using meta-analysis around China. We conclude that ditch-buried straw return may work as an effective approach for subsoil management.

66. 题目: Influence of biochar particle size on 14C-phenanthrene extractability and mineralisation in soil
文章编号: N25070204
期刊: Science of the Total Environment
作者: Chisom Ejileugha, Kirk T Semple
更新时间: 2025-07-02
摘要: Biochar can influence the bioaccessibility and biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil, but the role of biochar particle size in this process remains largely underexplored. In this study, soil was spiked with ¹²C- & ¹⁴C-phenanthrene and subsequently amended with biochar of <0.6 mm and 2–4 mm particle size at 0.0 %, 0.1 %, 1.0 %, and 10.0 %, respectively. The amended soils were aged for 60 d and ¹⁴C-phenanthrene extractability and mineralisation were monitored at 1 d, 15 d, 30 d, 45 d, and 60 d. The total residual ¹⁴C-activity and extractable fractions reduced over time with increasing biochar amounts irrespective of biochar particle size. Similarly, longer lag phases, slower rates, and lower extents of mineralisation were observed over time with increasing biochar amounts. Solvent extractability and reduction in residual ¹⁴C-activity were higher in <0.6 mm amended soils, which were attributed to a higher surface area and shorter diffusion pathway. Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) extracted ¹⁴C-phenanthrene correlated with the extents of mineralisation with stronger agreement in <0.6 mm amended soils (R² = 0.77–0.86) than in 2–4 mm amended soils (R² = 0.57 – 0.82). The weakest correlation was observed at 10.0 % of 2–4 mm. This study demonstrated HP-β-CD's potential for predicting phenanthrene microbial degradation in biochar-amended soils and highlighted the influence of biochar particle size on phenanthrene bioaccessibility and biodegradability. These findings are important for mitigating phenanthrene risks in soil and optimising its sorption stability using biochar.

67. 题目: Nitrous oxide mitigation potential of biochar derived from agricultural and forest biomass: Effects of feedstock composition and pyrolysis temperature
文章编号: N25070203
期刊: Journal of Environmental Quality
作者: Barsha Sharma, Rajan Ghimire, Sundar Sapkota, Prabha Shrestha, Catherine E Brewer, Sushil Adhikari
更新时间: 2025-07-02
摘要: Biochar application to soil has been promoted to mitigate climate change by reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, yet significant uncertainty exists in quantifying soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from biochar‐amended soils. We evaluated soil N2O emissions from soils amended with biochar prepared from diverse agricultural and forest biomass and underlying biogeochemical mechanisms using long‐term soil incubations and empirical modeling. Biochars compared were pinewood pyrolyzed at 460°C (PB460), pinewood pyrolyzed at 500°C (PB500), pinewood pyrolyzed at 700°C (PB700), pine bark gasified at 760°C (GB760), cattle manure pyrolyzed at 500°C (CM500), pecan wood pyrolyzed at 500°C (PW500), hemp wood pyrolyzed at 500°C (HW500), and no biochar control (CTRL). Three nonlinear empirical models, first‐order kinetic model (FOKM), double exponential model (DEM), and first‐order logistic (FLOG) model, were tested to evaluate N2O emissions from various biochar‐amended soils. The PB700 was the most efficient in reducing N2O emissions, with 24% less total cumulative N2O emissions than CTRL. In contrast, the CM500 amendment resulted in 74% greater cumulative N₂O‐N emissions than CTRL (10.4 mg kg−1) and 102%–107% greater emissions than plant‐based agricultural biochars. Among models compared to study N2O emissions dynamics, the FLOG model best described the biochar N2O emissions irrespective of the biochar types. It showed the largest labile nitrogen pool (Nl) in CM500 among all biochars, and the cumulative N2O emission was positively correlated with Nl (r = 0.85; p < 0.001). Labile N content in biomass and pyrolysis temperature determined the N2O emissions mitigation potential in biochar‐amended soils.

68. 题目: Temporal Dynamics and Intermediate Product Formation in DOM Phototransformation Revealed by Liquid Chromatography Ultrahigh-Resolution Mass Spectrometry.
文章编号: N25070202
期刊: Environmental Science & Technology
作者: Peter Herzsprung, Aleksandr Sobolev, Wolf von Tümpling, Norbert Kamjunke, Michael Schwidder, Oliver J Lechtenfeld
更新时间: 2025-07-02
摘要: The complex composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) has been extensively studied by modern high-resolution analytical methods. However, DOM reactivity is still enigmatic due to a lack of experimental data with sufficiently high temporal resolution to resolve the intrinsic dynamics within DOM. Likewise, extensive isomeric overlap prevents studying transformation of DOM components with respect to their chemical properties, e.g., molecular polarity. Online ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-UHRMS) increases the resolution of isomeric DOM composition across a wide range of polarity. We performed a TiO2-aided photo-irradiation experiment with wastewater treatment plant effluent with high temporal sampling resolution (8 time points, 5 h irradiation). Besides new products (<10%) and removed components (25-60%), intermediate products (IntP) were also found, representing 20-60% of components within distinct polarity fractions. The reaction time to reach the peak magnitude maximum was positively related to the H/C ratio of IntP. About 35% of the DOM components showed different reactivities for different polarity fractions. If applied to experiments in the future, our approach offers new perspectives for biogeochemical interpretation and provides important information for drinking water processing or wastewater treatment with respect to potential toxic IntP.

69. 题目: Vulnerability of mineral-organic associations in the rhizosphere
文章编号: N25070201
期刊: Nature Communications
作者: Tobias Bölscher, Zoe G Cardon, Mariela Garcia Arredondo, Stéphanie Grand, Gabriella Griffen, Rachel Hestrin, Josephine Imboden, Floriane Jamoteau, Emily M Lacroix, Sherlynette Pérez Castro, Per Persson, William J Riley, Marco Keiluweit
更新时间: 2025-07-02
摘要:

The majority of soil carbon (C) is stored in organic matter associated with reactive minerals. These mineral-organic associations (MOAs) inhibit microbial and enzymatic access to organic matter, suggesting that organic C within MOAs is resistant to decomposition. However, plant roots and rhizosphere microbes are known to transform minerals through dissolution and exchange reactions, implying that MOAs in the rhizosphere can be dynamic. Here we identify key drivers, mechanisms, and controls of MOA disruption in the rhizosphere and present a new conceptual framework for the vulnerability of soil C within MOAs. We introduce a vulnerability spectrum that highlights how MOAs characteristic of certain ecosystems are particularly susceptible to specific root-driven disruption mechanisms. This vulnerability spectrum provides a framework for critically assessing the importance of MOA disruption mechanisms at the ecosystem scale. Comprehensive representation of not only root-driven MOA formation, but also disruption, will improve model projections of soil C-climate feedbacks and guide the development of more effective soil C management strategies.

70. 题目: The abundance of persistent free radicals in biochar determines the degradation efficiency of plasticizer DBP in soils through regulating the ROS yielding
文章编号: N25070116
期刊: Chemical Engineering Journal
作者: Yulong Li, Bowei Lv, Jianming Xue, Mathkar Alshamrani, Lie Yang
更新时间: 2025-07-01
摘要: As a typical phthalate ester (PAEs), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is widely detected in soils globally and the ecotoxicity of DBP has gained increasing attention in recent years. This study attempts to investigate the application of biochar derived persistent free radicals (PFRs) for the remediation of soil DBP contamination. It was found that cotton stalk biochar (CBC) exhibited the highest PFRs abundance, while no significant PFRs signal was detected for biochar prepared from maize straw and sewage sludge. CBC effectively enhanced both biotic (12.8%) and abiotic degradation (28.6%) of DBP in soils. In addition, the generation of soil reactive oxygen species (ROS) under the influence of CBC-PFRs was demonstrated and the contribution of various ROS (^•OH 5.1%, O₂^•- 8.4%, and H₂O₂ 6.8%) to the degradation of soil DBP was quantified. These results provide a scientific evidence for the practical utilization of CBC-PFRs to control the degradation of DBP in soil.

71. 题目: Molecular-level mapping of high-valent metal-governed reaction patterns of micropollutants and dissolved organic matter
文章编号: N25070115
期刊: Water Research
作者: Shuiqin Shi, Linke Jiang, Kaiting Zhang, Tongzhen Li, Junmei Yan, Lianbao Chi, Mingbao Feng
更新时间: 2025-07-01
摘要: High-valent metal-based oxidation systems have been receiving extensive attention for their high reactivity and selectivity toward recalcitrant organic contaminants. However, the molecular insights into the elimination of organic micropollutants (especially their highly concerned transformation products (TPs)) and dissolved organic matter (DOM) by these oxidation systems remain unclear. This study evaluated the degradation of nine TPs of different precursors (sulfonamides, carbamazepine, and atrazine) under ferrate(VI)/sulfite (Fe(VI)/S(IV)), permanganate(VII)/sulfite (Mn(VII)/S(IV)), cobalt(II)/peroxymonosulfate (Co(II)/PMS), and copper(II)/peroxymonosulfate (Cu(II)/PMS)-based oxidation together with the elucidation of the molecular-level alterations of DOM. Findings revealed both Mn(VII)/S(IV) and Co(II)/PMS achieved superior TP removal (up to 99% in 20 min) under optimized conditions. Analyzing oxidized products (OPs) indicated their distinct transformation pathways, with multiple OPs exhibiting enhanced persistence, mobility, or chronic toxicity. Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry analysis suggested the compositional restructuration in DOM molecules. Successive transformation of DOM, including oxygen addition, decarboxylation, and selective attack of nitrogen/sulfur-containing moieties, occurred to yield oxygen-enriched, low-molecular-weight fractions. Machine learning and SHAP analysis identified molecular weight as the most dominant predictor of DOM reactivity toward oxidation. These findings enhance the understanding of the availability of TP abatement by high-valent metal-mediated oxidation systems and provide further insights into the DOM transformation during oxidative water treatment.

72. 题目: Improving soil function properties in semi-arid regions using modified-chitosan and biochar
文章编号: N25070114
期刊: Journal of Environmental Management
作者: Fatemeh Heidari, Ghasem Ali Dianati Tilaki, Yahya Kooch, Mahdi Abdollahi
更新时间: 2025-07-01
摘要: Understanding soil function is crucial for restoring degraded ecosystems, necessitating the evaluation of soil characteristics and processes. Soil amendments can significantly enhance various soil functions, particularly water retention, organic carbon storage, and microbial activity. However, the combined effects of these amendments on soil properties in semi-arid regions remain largely unexplored. This study investigated the impact of biochar and modified chitosan applications on the physico-chemical and microbial properties of soil at a depth of 0–20 cm in the semi-arid rangelands of Iran. The experiment included four levels of modified chitosan (0 %, 0.01 %, 0.05 %, and 0.1 %) and biochar derived from Azolla filiculoides (0 %, 0.20 %, 0.60 %, and 1.20 %), with three replications for each treatment. The percentages indicated the weight ratio of modified chitosan and biochar to the dry weight of the soil in the 20 cm surface layer. The highest doses of the two modifiers decreased bulk density by approximately 13 %, while water retention increased by around 13 % compared to the control sample. Following the application of soil conditioners, fertility indicators (C, N, P, and K) increased by factors of 2.2, 2.2, 1.4, and 5, respectively. The highest levels of urease and invertase enzymes were observed in soil samples treated with the highest dosages of modifiers, whereas untreated soil samples exhibited lower values for these characteristics. The microbial characteristics of the soil, specifically basal respiration, substrate-induced respiration, and microbial biomass carbon, showed substantial enhancement, with increases ranging from 1.5 to 2-fold in the highest dose-treated samples compared to the control. Studies evaluating the effects of soil modifiers on soil functions aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of soil dynamics. This study broadens the utilization of environmental waste and holds significant scientific importance for the development of low-cost, environmentally friendly materials. The application of these targeted methods will aid in the restoration of ecosystems in semi-arid regions.

73. 题目: Influence of anions on black carbon generation and formation mechanism of magnetic black carbon during coal combustion
文章编号: N25070113
期刊: Chemosphere
作者: Yixin Shen, ShangRu Chen, YouYing Chen, ShiYun Xiao, Lei Zhang, YiBo Zhao, ShengKang Wang, XueSong Wang
更新时间: 2025-07-01
摘要: Coal used in thermal power plants frequently contains various anions, and to investigate whether these anions influence the formation of black carbon (BC) from incomplete coal combustion, we conducted simulated combustion experiments by adding iron salts containing common coal-derived anions to purified coal. Comparative analysis of combustion products revealed that acidic anions, particularly sulfate ions, released from iron salts during combustion tend to form acidic gases that corrode BC surfaces, thereby generating more porous and morphologically complex BC structures while simultaneously suppressing BC yield. In contrast, basic anions such as hydroxide ions exhibited a modest promoting effect on BC production. Quantum chemical calculations and literature review confirmed that various anions, when thermally released in gaseous form, significantly affect both the morphological characteristics and yield of BC. Furthermore, the same anion demonstrated varying effects depending on the properties of its carrier matrix. Through combined quantum chemical calculations and synchrotron radiation analysis, we elucidated the formation mechanism of magnetic black carbon (MBC): iron salts mixed with coal first release their anions upon heating while being oxidised to Fe₂O₃; subsequently, after substantial BC generation at high temperatures, Fe₂O₃ chemically adsorbs onto BC through Fe–C bond formation; finally, under sustained high temperatures, Fe₂O₃ reduces to Fe₃O₄ to form MBC. This comprehensive investigation provides fundamental insights into the anion-mediated regulation of BC properties during coal combustion.

74. 题目: All-day desalination and ZLD-oriented brine production using a grass biomass pellet-derived biochar–carbon fabric evaporator
文章编号: N25070112
期刊: Chemical Engineering Journal
作者: Higgins M Wilson, Muhammad Nobi Hossain, A R Shakeeur Raheman, Sang Joon Lee
更新时间: 2025-07-01
摘要: Scalable and sustainable seawater desalination technologies which can be operated continuously all-day under varying environmental conditions are strongly demanded to address global freshwater scarcity. In this study, a novel interfacial steam generator (ISSG) which is composed of biomass pellet-derived biochar integrated with polyvinyl alcohol coated carbon fabric (Pb-CF) is proposed. It is aimed to synergistically harness both photothermal and electrothermal evaporation modes for high-performance all-day seawater desalination and brine generation. The biochar exhibits broadband solar absorption, low thermal conductivity, and high electrical conductivity, while the modified carbon fabric enhances effective Joule heating and improved hydrophilicity. Under 1 sun solar illumination with 3 V low-voltage input, the Pb-CF evaporator achieves a maximum evaporation rate of 7.78 kg m⁻² h⁻¹. Even for 3.5 wt% saltwater, the evaporator maintains high performance of 6.97 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ under similar conditions, and 2.97 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ with Joule heating alone, enabling stable all-day operation. A siphon-assisted system design further enhances directional water transport, effectively mitigating salt accumulation and enabling continuous generation of concentrated brine for potential zero liquid discharge (ZLD) applications. The incorporation of grass biomass pellet-derived biochar with carbon fabric gives rise to favorable thermal and electrical properties, leading to highly efficient and sustainable interfacial evaporation. Therefore, the proposed ISG evaporator would be used effectively to address the limitations of conventional ISG systems in seawater desalination.

75. 题目: Predicting soil organic matter using corrected field spectra and stacking ensemble learning
文章编号: N25070111
期刊: Geoderma
作者: Yu Wang, Xuhui Yan, Rongyanting Huo, Longcai Zhao, Jie Peng, Yongsheng Hong, Jing Liu
更新时间: 2025-07-01
摘要: Soil organic matter (SOM), as a key indicator of soil fertility and the carbon cycle, its field rapid and precise quantification is of great scientific significance for precise agricultural management. Visible near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy technology is a rapid and highly accurate SOM quantification method. While the laboratory spectra measurement requires a series of processing procedures. Compared with laboratory spectra, field spectra measurement has the advantages of being faster and more convenient. However, achieving high-precision estimation of SOM based on field spectra poses significant challenges, primarily in mitigating the effects of interfering factors, such as soil moisture and developing a highly robust spectra prediction model. In the practical application of field spectroscopy, eliminating interference through spectra correction methods is an effective strategy. The field prediction of SOM using spectra correction algorithms in conjunction with ensemble learning remains a significant and unresolved challenge. In this study, we gathered 180 soil samples from Hancheng City, Shaanxi Province, China, and built Stacking models using field spectra, field corrected spectra, and lab spectra, respectively, and comprehensively compared their predictive abilities. The study aims to assess the ability of spectra correction methods, including non-negative matrix decomposition (NMF), and generalized least squares weight (GLSW), when combined with the Stacking model, to predict SOM. The results showed that it was difficult challenging to accurately predict SOM using models calibrated with field spectra. However, spectra data corrected by NMF and GLSW could effectively mitigate the influence of environmental interference factors and significantly enhance the model’s predictive performance. The GLSW (R2 = 0.85, RMSE = 3.74 g kg−1) outperformed the NMF method (R2 = 0.69, RMSE = 5.14 g kg−1) and was close to the laboratory spectra model (R2 = 0.89, RMSE = 3.81 g kg−1). Combining spectra correction and stacking improves field SOM prediction accuracy, increasing R2 value by 0.1 and 0.26, and decreasing RMSE by 1.16 and 2.56 g kg−1. The performance of all Stacking models was superior to that of the best single model. The stacking model could effectively improve the accuracy of SOM model.

76. 题目: Distinct patterns and drivers of total and refractory terrestrial organic carbon burial in river-dominated continental margins: From climatic control to anthropogenic perturbations
文章编号: N25070110
期刊: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
作者: Xueshi Sun, Dejiang Fan, Xilin Zhang, Peng Cheng, Zuosheng Yang, Zhigang Guo
更新时间: 2025-07-01
摘要: The burial of terrestrial organic carbon (OCterr) in marine sediments is a major geological CO2 sink. The largest sink for OCterr burial in present-day oceans lies in river-dominated continental margins, which are key components of the global carbon cycle. Climate change and anthropogenic forcing have disrupted the cycling of OCterr at the land–ocean interface, impacting its storage at these margins. Despite this recognition, the fate of OCterr in marine sediments and the potential feedback mechanisms of these changes remain unclear, primarily because of the lack of reliable sedimentary records from 1850 to the present that capture the substantial internal spatial and temporal heterogeneity. Here, we present a high-resolution OCterr record covering the past two centuries from a well-preserved sediment core in the mud depocenter of the East China Sea, using sedimentological, mineralogical, and geochemical techniques. By integrating our new results with literature data, we quantitatively evaluate the modern patterns and drivers of changes in OCterr burial. During the climate-controlled period (pre-1950s), despite high precipitation and sediment influx driven by the East Asian summer monsoon, the observed lower and fluctuating OCterr loadings suggest that the OCterr accumulation rate was not directly proportional to the lithogenic sediment flux. Analyses of X-radiographs and sediment composition indicated that energetic marine processes—such as tides, waves, and typhoon events that are intensified by the East Asian winter monsoon—promoted sediment resuspension, dispersion, and redeposition. These dynamic physical processes regulate hydrodynamic particle sorting, resulting in the high variability and suppression of OCterr burial during this interval. In contrast, the post-1950s era, marked by intensive human impact, saw a persistent decline in the overall OCterr burial. This trend is primarily attributed to the reduced delivery of fine mineral sediments and altered sediment sources to marine environments due to large-scale dam construction. Although the preservation of sedimentary OCterr has diminished, our study provides new evidence of increased mobilization and burial of refractory OCterr in marine sediments. Using a chemical oxidation method, we quantified the proportions of refractory organic carbon (OC) and found that, on average, 60 ± 11 % of the refractory OC exported by the Yangtze River is delivered to the adjacent continental margin. Coinciding with periods of intensive human impact (post-1950s), anthropogenic disturbances, notably inputs of fossil-derived OC, have reintroduced greater quantities of unreactive OCterr into coastal oceans. This shift contributed to an increase of ∼ 20 % in the burial flux of refractory OCterr. The contrasting responses of the total and refractory OCterr highlight a disruption in the balance between oxidation and preservation within marine sediments. Such imbalances may have a substantial, yet previously unrecognized, influence on the capacity of modern continental margin sediments globally to sequester OCterr.

77. 题目: Discrepancies in Measurement Methods for Biochar’s Heavy Metal Adsorption Performance Caused by its Dissolved Organic Matters
文章编号: N25070109
期刊: Journal of Hazardous Materials
作者: Yanying He, Long Chen, Xin Zhang, Qianyi Deng, Huangzhizhi Zhang, Xueying Mo, Yingzhen Huang, Xiaoyuan Lv, Baobin Mi, Fangfang Wu
更新时间: 2025-07-01
摘要: Biochar demonstrates significant potential as a sustainable adsorbent for heavy metals (HMs) remediation, yet methodological discrepancies in measuring adsorption capacity (qₓ) undermine performance comparability. This study demonstrates that filter membrane specifications critically affect the measured adsorption capacity of biochar due to differential retention of biochar-derived dissolved organic matter (BDOM)-HM complexes, highlighting concerns regarding the lack of filter membrane standardization. Adsorption experiments showed that smaller filter membranes resulted in higher measured adsorption capacities, with Cu(II) in reed biochar exhibiting a coefficient of variation (CV) of 55.4%. Spectroscopic analyses confirmed that protein-like components in BDOM mostly account for the discrepancies. Crucially, reed biochar (RB) exhibited 4-10 times higher protein-like components (78% vs. 7-19% in other feedstocks), directly correlating with its markedly elevated CV. To address these challenges, the study recommends bypassing filtration and instead assessing adsorption capacity based on the difference in free heavy metal ion concentrations before and after adsorption, ensuring more accurate assessments of biochar performance. Additionally, the ion-selective electrode (ISE) is proposed as a potential alternative method. This study underscores the necessity of addressing biases in traditional methods to ensure accurate evaluations of biochar's environmental applications.

78. 题目: Removal of nutrient pollutants from highway stormwater runoff using bioslope with new media of biochar amended topsoils
文章编号: N25070108
期刊: Journal of Environmental Management
作者: Ahmed I Yunus, George Yuzhu Fu, Yongsheng Chen, Joe F Bozeman III
更新时间: 2025-07-01
摘要: United States (US) Department of Transportation (DOT) has constructed various treatment facilities on its right-of-way (ROW) to collect and treat highway stormwater runoff. Highway stormwater best management practice (BMP) treatment facilities include infrastructure such as bioslopes, sand filters, infiltration trenches, and grass channels. Among these BMPs, bioslopes have become more popular due to their applicability for roadway embankments and areas with limited ROW constraints. They remove pollutants effectively through physical filtration and chemical adsorption, facilitated by the engineered topsoil, which features a media mix of crushed rock, perlite, dolomite, and gypsum, albeit at a high cost. Biochar, typically made from wood biomass, is readily available and more cost-effective. This study, therefore, explores a new media mixture of biochar and topsoil for bioslopes. Four topsoil series (Tifton, Cecil, Pacolet, and Cowarts) were sampled across Georgia, analyzed, and amended with 0 %, 5 %, 7 %, and 10 % (weight percent, wt. %) biochar to treat highway stormwater runoff through infiltration. By utilizing biochar amended topsoil as a new bioslope media, the removal performances exceeded 60 % for total nitrogen (TN), including ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), and total phosphorus (TP) with only a 5 % biochar amendment to the topsoils. The water holding capacity increased due to reduced hydraulic conductivity (>50 %) in the biochar amended topsoils, potentially increasing surface runoff volume due to low infiltration. The results from this study demonstrate that bioslopes of biochar amended topsoil can potentially minimize material costs in construction while providing a green and sustainable alternative to treat highway stormwater runoff.

79. 题目: Potential of ozone-ultraviolet combined technology on mitigating the aquatic risks of receiving river: The significance of dissolved organic matter
文章编号: N25070107
期刊: Journal of Cleaner Production
作者: Wenqi Xue, Chongjun Zhang, Han Cui, Dandan Zhou
更新时间: 2025-07-01
摘要: Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are widely employed in reclaimed water production for aquatic replenishment, primarily for pathogen and organic micropollutant removal. However, the long-term effects of AOPs-treated effluent on overlooked aquatic risks of receiving rivers remain unclear. This study evaluated the ecological effects of O₃ and O₃/UV-treated sulfamethoxazole (SMX)-containing reclaimed water in receiving rivers. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry and metagenomics were integrated to evaluate ecological risks associated with dissolved organic matter (DOM) transformation. Compared to O₃ treatment, O₃/UV enhanced SMX removal by 40% and significantly altered DOM composition. Long-term replenishment with O₃/UV-treated water reduced upstream toxicity by 16%, correlating with residual SMX. Downstream, O₃/UV reduced toxicity by 51% compared to O₃, which increased toxicity by 79% despite 40% greater SMX removal than Control, with toxicity correlating more strongly with DOM molecular weight (MW) than SMX. The O₃/UV process reduced chromosomal antibiotic resistance gene (cARG) transmission risk by 50%, closely linked to DOM molecular composition. Additionally, O₃/UV protocol enhanced the microbial community clustering coefficient by 23% in the receiving river, promoting pollutant-degrading bacteria and the succession of nitrogen-enriched DOM, thereby improving the river's self-purification. These findings highlight O₃/UV's potential to mitigate aquatic risks while emphasizing the need to consider DOM evolution in reclaimed water risk assessments.

80. 题目: Electrospun PAN/Biochar Okara Nanofibers for Efficient Oxytetracycline Removal: Process Optimization via Response Surface Methodology and Antibacterial Evaluation
文章编号: N25070106
期刊: Environmental Research
作者: Desi Nur Astuti, Taufik Abdillah Natsir, Anis Kristiani, Adhitasari Suratman
更新时间: 2025-07-01
摘要: The environmental risks associated with oxytetracycline (OTC) contamination have raised increasing concern due to its persistence and contribution to antimicrobial resistance. In this study, electrospun polyacrylonitrile/biochar (PAN/Biochar) nanofibers were developed and evaluated as efficient, reusable adsorbents for the removal of OTC from aqueous solutions. The adsorption process was systematically optimized using experimental studies in conjunction with response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box–Behnken Design (BBD). Characterization analyses confirmed the successful incorporation of biochar into the PAN matrix, resulting in enhanced porosity, electrical conductivity, and surface functionality of the nanofibers. Batch adsorption experiments demonstrated a maximum OTC adsorption capacity of 178.12 mg g^-1 under optimized conditions. The spent nanofibers also exhibited notable antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, indicating their dual functionality. Kinetic data were best described by a pseudo-second-order model, while equilibrium data fit the Harkin-Jura isotherm, suggesting multilayer adsorption on a heterogeneous surface. While numerous studies have explored the removal of pharmaceutical contaminants using electrospun nanofibers, this work uniquely integrates biochar derived from sustainable biomass within a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) matrix to create a multifunctional adsorbent with enhanced adsorption capacity and intrinsic antibacterial properties. Unlike conventional adsorbents that often target single functionalities, the PAN/Biochar composite exhibits synergistic effects arising from combined physical adsorption, chemical interactions, and microbial inhibition. Moreover, the application of Response Surface Methodology with Box-Behnken Design (RSM-BBD) enabled precise optimization of process parameters by systematically evaluating interaction effects, thereby surpassing the limitations of one-factor-at-a-time approaches. This comprehensive strategy not only improves oxytetracycline (OTC) removal efficiency but also addresses the emerging challenge of antimicrobial resistance through a dual-action material platform, highlighting its potential for practical water treatment applications.