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81. 题目: Evaluating seagrass lipid biomarkers as indicator for organic carbon provenance and storage capacity in Zostera marina (L.) sediments
文章编号: N25010609
期刊: Science of the Total Environment
作者: Martin Dahl, Maria E Asplund, Mats Björk, Sanne Bergman, Sara Braun, Sara C Forsberg, Petter Hällberg, Elin Löfgren, Rienk Smittenberg, J Robin Svensson, Martin Gullström
更新时间: 2025-01-06
摘要: Seagrass meadows are vital blue carbon habitats, with sedimentary organic carbon (OC) originating from both the seagrass itself and external sources. In this study, lipid biomarkers (n-alkanes), a well-known proxy for tracing OC sources, were used to indicate seagrass presence in sediment records and to correlate with sedimentary OC in cold-temperate seagrass (Zostera marina) sediments. We calculated a Zostera-ratio (seagrass/algae and terrestrial plants-ratio) using identified seagrass biomass n-alkanes (C15, C17, C19, C21, C23) as a fingerprint for seagrass-derived OC. Based on the presence or absence of seagrass plant remains in sediments, we confirmed an overall significant positive correlation (R2 = 0.49, with significant sites ranging from 0.66 to 0.81; p < 0.001) between the Zostera-ratio and OC in sediment profiles down to 2 m depth. The Zostera-ratio ranged from 0.0006 to 0.35 with higher values indicating seagrass plant material. The findings show that n-alkanes can serve as proxies for both seagrass presence and total OC levels in the sediment.

82. 题目: Insect-derived biochar for CO2 adsorption under humid conditions: Elucidating adsorption mechanisms and competitive interactions with water molecules
文章编号: N25010608
期刊: Science of the Total Environment
作者: Jee Young Kim, Dong-Jun Lee, Jonghyun Park, Taewoo Lee, Eilhann E Kwon
更新时间: 2025-01-06
摘要: The CO2 adsorption capacity of biochar depends on the type of biomass used and its physicochemical properties; various sorption parameters including temperature, CO2 concentration, and humidity affect the CO2 adsorption capacity. Biochar derived from defatted black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) biomass was investigated for direct CO2 capture and exhibited a hydrophilic/mesoporous structure that contained high concentrations of alkali and alkaline metals (>10 wt%), which contribute to CO2 chemisorption. The CO2 adsorption efficiency was higher at 25 °C compared with that at 30 °C and 35 °C, probably due to reduced Brownian motion of CO2 molecules at lower temperatures. The adsorption process followed the Langmuir isotherm, suggesting monolayer adsorption. Kinetic modeling indicated that physical and chemical adsorption mechanisms were involved; physisorption predominated. The presence of water molecules resulted in competitive adsorption with CO2, with 2.5 water molecules competing for adsorption sites at 70 % relative humidity and 1200 ppm CO2. In the cyclic adsorption-desorption tests, the CO2 adsorption capacity decreased by approximately 11 % after the first cycle, probably because a portion of the chemically adsorbed CO2 did not fully desorb during regeneration. The findings of this study could aid in the development of more efficient biochar-based materials for CO2 capture.

83. 题目: 12-year N addition enhances soil organic carbon decomposition by mediating microbial community composition in temperate plantations
文章编号: N25010607
期刊: Applied Soil Ecology
作者: Xinyi Wu, Yanyan Liu, Hongjin Zhang, Lizheng Dong, Yiping Zuo, Xiaoyue Li, Wei Wang
更新时间: 2025-01-06
摘要: Soil respiration is a crucial contributor to atmospheric CO2 flux and microbial communities play a vital role in carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the response of microbial community characteristics (such as diversity and composition) and their roles in regulating soil respiration under nitrogen (N) deposition remain unclear. Here, we conducted a 12-year N addition experiment (0, 2, 5, 10 g N m−2 year−1) in a temperate plantation to elucidate the mechanisms of autotrophic respiration and heterotrophic respiration in response to environmental and microbial factors. The results showed heterotrophic respiration increased significantly only under high-N addition (10 g N m−2 year−1), and autotrophic respiration decreased significantly under moderate-N (5 g N m−2 year−1) and high-N addition (10 g N m−2 year−1). The decrease in autotrophic respiration was primarily driven by environmental factors, such as soil pH and N availability, whereas the increase in heterotrophic respiration resulted from changes in the microbial community. Fungi Leotiomycetes, Sordariomycetes, and Rhizophydiomycetes were identified as the key microbial predictors influencing heterotrophic respiration under N addition. Our work identified the role of soil microbial community composition in promoting soil organic matter decomposition under long-term N deposition. And we emphasized the importance of incorporating microbial community information into ecosystem models to improve predictions of climate‑carbon cycle feedbacks.

84. 题目: Manganese-modified reed biochar decreased nutrients and methane release from algae debris-contaminated sediments
文章编号: N25010606
期刊: Environmental Research
作者: Jiajia Zhang, Songhe Zhang, Shaozhuang Guo, Liu Yang, Xin Lv, Nan Chen, Gang Wu
更新时间: 2025-01-06
摘要: Biochar is one of the ways for carbon storage, pollution control and biosolid reuse. Aquatic plant reeds are widely used in nutrient removal in wetlands and have huge biomass. Nonetheless, little is known regarding the effects of reed-based biochar on sediments. In this study, reed-based biochar (BC) modified with or without Mn-oxidizers (MBC) was prepared to investigate their impacts on nutrient removal, methane (CH₄) emission fluxes, and CH₄ concentration and microbial community in sediments for 20 days. We found that BC and MBC significantly reduced CH₄ emission fluxes by 56.84 ± 10.47% and 69.95 ± 0.76% (p < 0.05) compared to control (CK), respectively. In addition, BC and MBC had a higher efficiency of nutrient removal, and the removal rate increased by 4.4% for NH₄⁺-N and 10.13% for TN in BC and by 3.21%, 8.43% and 18.29% for NH₄⁺-N, TN and TP in MBC, respectively. Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, Desulfobacterota and Acidobacteriota were the predominant phyla in sediments and might contribute to nutrient removal. Network analysis revealed that biochar addition promoted interspecific competition in sediments, which could be more beneficial for enhancing the stability of microbial community structures. The decreased mcrA (CH₄ bioproduction) abundance but increased pomA (CH₄ oxidation) abundance was detected in BC and MBC compared to CK, explaining biochar-reduced CH₄ emissions. This study highlights that reed straw-based biochar can be used in the in-situ remediation of polluted sediments and provides a choice for carbon storage and pollution control for managers.

85. 题目: Adsorption properties and mechanisms of Cd by co-pyrolysis composite material derived from peanut biochar and tailing waste
文章编号: N25010605
期刊: Environmental Geochemistry and Health
作者: Xiaoqing Zhang, Jiong Li, Xin Li, Zhihua Chen, Dajun Ren, Shuqin Zhang
更新时间: 2025-01-06
摘要:

Cadmium (Cd) contamination in aquatic systems is a widespread environmental issue. In this study, a solid waste iron tailings and biochar hybrid (Fe-TWBC) was successfully synthesized derived from co-pyrolysis of peanut shell and tailing waste (Fe-TW). Characterization analyses showed that the metal oxides from solid waste iron tailings successfully loaded onto the biochar surface, with more functional groups in Fe-TWBC. The Fe-TWBC had a maximum capacity of 95.06 mg·g⁻¹ on Cd²⁺ adsorption, which was 1.40 times to pristine BC (70.46 mg·g⁻¹) and 2.53 times to Fe-TW (37.51 mg·g⁻¹). The adsorption behavior followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics and Freundlich models. DFT calculations revealed that the O-top of Fe–O group was the most chemically reactive site for Cd²⁺ adsorption with the high adsorption energy values of − 4.05 eV, short O-Cd bond lengths (2.133 Å), low electrostatic potentials in small blue regions near the O atom of Fe–O group, low energy gap (0.22 eV) and large electrophilic Fukui index (f⁻ = 0.18). Overall, these findings suggest that Fe-TWBC is effective in removing Cd²⁺ from aqueous solution and promotes the utilization of biowaste and solid waste iron tailing waste for cleaner production.

86. 题目: Fluorescence Spectroscopy Investigation to Assess the Development of Recalcitrant Organic Compounds in Wastewater during the Biodegradation Process
文章编号: N25010604
期刊: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution
作者: Bahia Baaziz, Nabila Aliouane, Nabila Abbed
更新时间: 2025-01-06
摘要:

Biological invasions occur when species are moved by human activities from their native range to new areas where they have no evolutionary history and are a major global economic and ecological concern. This paper includes biological treatment of a new activated sludge system that can remove abundant organic matter (OM) in wastewater. The study presents also modelling of organic matter biodegradation process. Factors affecting the biodegradation rate were carried out Viz. the concentration of the organic matter, the mass of activated sludge, the dye content, and the optical density. The results showed that the biodegradation kinetics with time displays an exponential decay. However, the kinetics reaction is well fit by a pseudo second-order equation. After 1 h of treatment, the yields of 93.63 and 92.86% for concentration of 60 and 30 ppm were respectively recorded. UV–Visible spectra and fluorescence spectroscopy were also investigated. Fluorescence spectroscopy was used to characterize municipal waste water at various stages of treatment. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has displayed, in agreement with experiments, that the correlation between variables are significant.

87. 题目: Mechanistic evaluation of enhanced graphene toxicity to Bacillus induced by humic acid adsorption
文章编号: N25010603
期刊: Nature Communications
作者: Xuejiao Zhang, Jin Zeng, Jason C White, Fangbai Li, Zhiqiang Xiong, Siyu Zhang, Yuze Xu, Jingjing Yang, Weihao Tang, Qing Zhao, Fengchang Wu, Baoshan Xing
更新时间: 2025-01-06
摘要:

The extensive application of graphene nanosheets (GNSs) has raised concerns over risks to sensitive species in the aquatic environment. The humic acid (HA) corona is traditionally considered to reduce GNSs toxicity. Here, we evaluate the effect of sorbed HA (GNSs-HA) on the toxicity of GNSs to Gram positive Bacillus tropicus. Contrary to previous data, GNSs-HA exhibits greater toxicity compared to GNSs. Multi-omics combined with sensitive bioassays and electrochemical methods reveals GNSs disrupt oxidative phosphorylation by causing physical membrane damage. This leads to the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and inhibition of ATP production, subsequently suppressing synthetic and metabolic processes and ultimately causing bacterial death. Conversely, GNSs-HA directly extracts electrons from bacteria and oxidized biomolecules due to HA-improved electron transfer. This finding suggests that the HA corona does not always mitigate the toxicity of nanoparticles, thereby introducing uncertainty over the interaction between environmental corona and nanoparticles during ecological risk evaluation.

88. 题目: From “white carbon” to “black carbon”: Upcycling discarded plastic bottles into shining porous chars for the removal of sulfamethoxazole from water
文章编号: N25010602
期刊: Separation and Purification Technology
作者: Yuxin Qi, Ying Bi, Chao Kong, Changyin Zhu, Hu Cheng, Yinlong Zhang, Jiangang Han, Jianming Xue, Ziyan Li, Yang Song, Dongmei Zhou
更新时间: 2025-01-06
摘要: Recycling difficult-to-degrade plastics, also known as “white pollution”, is currently being researched in the fields of materials and the environment, which is an extremely challenging topic. In this study, a pyrolysis-activation method combined with multiple activators was developed to prepare stable porous plastic chars (PPCs) from discarded plastic bottles for removing the typical antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX). Micro/mesopores were formed in the PPCs, with the specific surface area reaching 961.20 m²/g. C, O, and N were the main elements in the PPCs, and their atomic ratios showed the hydrophobicity and aromaticity. Graphite-like structures and abundant surface functional groups were generated in the PPCs. Unlike conventional char materials, impurities, such as aluminum oxide, have high reflectivity, resulting in the appearance of many shining spots. PPCs display a high sorption capability for SMX, with the maximum sorption quantity determined reaching 487.52 mg/g. Multilayer sorption is dominated by physical processes, and pore filling, partitioning, hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking, and electrostatic interactions are the main sorption processes. Chemical-like sorption and mass transfer control the sorption rate. Furthermore, PPCs have stable performance and good recyclability and could be used for practical applications. This study provides a novel strategy and an example of the upcycling of discarded plastic as an excellent char material for environmental remediation.

89. 题目: Preservation of organic carbon in marine sediments sustained by sorption and transformation processes
文章编号: N25010601
期刊: Nature Geoscience
作者: Peyman Babakhani, Andrew W Dale, Clare Woulds, Oliver W Moore, Ke-Qing Xiao, Lisa Curti, Caroline L Peacock
更新时间: 2025-01-06
摘要:

Controls on organic carbon preservation in marine sediments remain controversial but crucial for understanding past and future climate dynamics. Here we develop a conceptual-mathematical model to determine the key processes for the preservation of organic carbon. The model considers the major processes involved in the breakdown of organic carbon, including dissolved organic carbon hydrolysis, mixing, remineralization, mineral sorption and molecular transformation. This allows redefining of burial efficiency as preservation efficiency, which considers both particulate organic carbon and mineral-phase organic carbon. We show that preservation efficiency is almost three times higher than the conventionally defined burial efficiency and reconciles predictions with global field data. Kinetic sorption and transformation are the dominant controls on organic carbon preservation. We conclude that a synergistic effect between kinetic sorption and molecular transformation (geopolymerization) creates a mineral shuttle in which mineral-phase organic carbon is protected from remineralization in the surface sediment and released at depth. The results explain why transformed organic carbon persists over long timescales and increases with depth.

90. 题目: The abiologically and biologically driving effects on organic matter in marginal seas revealed by deep learning-assisted model analysis
文章编号: N25010520
期刊: Science of the Total Environment
作者: Ting Wang, Jialin Li, Saralees Nadarajah, Meng Gao, Jingyuan Chen, Song Qin
更新时间: 2025-01-05
摘要: The biogeochemical processes of organic matter exhibit notable variability and unpredictability in marginal seas. In this study, the abiologically and biologically driving effects on particulate organic matter (POM) and dissolved organic matter (DOM) were investigated in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea of China, by introducing the cutting-edge network inference tool of deep learning. The concentration of particulate organic carbon (POC) was determined to characterize the status of POM, and the fractions and fluorescent properties of DOM were identified through 3D excitation-emission-matrix spectra (3D-EEM) combined parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). The results indicated that the distribution of POM and DOM exhibited regional disparity across the studied sea regions. POM demonstrated greater heterogeneity in the South Yellow Sea (p < 0.05), and in contrast, all three fluorescent components of DOM displayed a higher degree of heterogeneity in the Bohai Sea (p < 0.05). To delve into the drivers of the discrepancy, artificial neural network (ANN) models were constructed, incorporating 15 extra abiotic and biotic parameters. Under optimal parameter setting, ANNs achieved a maximum Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) of 0.87 and a minimum Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 0.23. The model identified turbidity and temperature as the most influential factors, accounting for the variation in the heterogeneity of POM and DOM across different sea regions, respectively. Additionally, the result highlighted the significant role of pico-size photosynthetic organisms among biological predictors, which may suggest their pivotal, yet often underappreciated, role in blue carbon cycles. In conclusion, this research introduces advanced deep-learning modeling techniques, providing novel insights into the biogeochemical processes of organic matter in marginal seas.

91. 题目: Removal of antibiotics, antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes using boron-doped banana pseudo-stem biochar activated peroxydisulfate: Performance and mechanism differences
文章编号: N25010519
期刊: Separation and Purification Technology
作者: Lin Wang, Yueping Zheng, Yonglin Zhao, Hanrong Fan, Shaolong Wang
更新时间: 2025-01-05
摘要: The development of a green and efficient activator remains a significant challenge in utilizing sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation processes for the removal of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB), and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This study successfully synthesized boron-doped biochar using a one-step pyrolysis method, which was subsequently applied to activate peroxydisulfate (PDS) for the removal of tetracycline (TC), ARB, and ARGs in aqueous solution. The 0.5BBC-700 exhibited high performance for PDS activation, achieving a 90.30 % removal of TC (30 mg/L) within 30 min (0.3 g/L 0.5BBC-700, 3.2 mM PDS, with no initial pH adjustment). All viable anti-TC and anti-KM E. coli (approximately 10⁵ CFU/mL) were inactivated in the 0.5BBC-700/PDS system within 120 and 80 min, respectively. Further, the ARGs (tetB) were reduced by 1.01 log2-fold in the 0.5BBC-700/PDS system within 180 min, demonstrating the potential for efficient ARG removal. The mechanisms for TC removal and ARB inactivation using the 0.5BBC-700/PDS system differed; TC removal primarily relied on ¹O₂, while ARB inactivation relied on the combined action of radical and nonradical pathways. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) analysis indicated that electron transfer facilitated the activation of persulfate. The reactive species generated via the 0.5BBC-700/PDS system disrupted the integrity of the cell wall, membrane, and intracellular enzymes associated with the antioxidant system and inducing intracellular lipid peroxidation, leading to the ARB inactivated. This study provided a new perspective to realize the nonmetallic modified biochar for the removal of ARB and ARGs in wastewater.

92. 题目: Responses of zooplankton community to anthropogenic organic matters in representative lake in highly urbanized area: Taking lake Taihu as an example
文章编号: N25010518
期刊: Journal of Environmental Management
作者: Junmei Jia, Qiuwen Chen, Jianyun Zhang, Delin Qi
更新时间: 2025-01-05
摘要: Although terrestrial organic matter is known to sustain food chains, its impact on zooplankton communities in lakes within urbanized areas remains unclear. This study analyzed a comprehensive, decade-long dataset (1998–2007) that included COD, BOD, and monthly zooplankton records from Lake Taihu to assess the effects of anthropogenic organic matter. Significant spatial variations in COD and BOD were observed across different areas of Lake Taihu (p < 0.01), with the average COD ranged from 4.1 mg/L to 7.6 mg/L and the average BOD from 1.9 mg/L to 8.6 mg/L. The abundance of zooplankton (1170–5182 individuals/L) showed marked responses to these spatial differences in organic matter, particularly in rotifers (236–1930 individuals/L) and protozoans (674–3180 individuals/L) (p < 0.01). Additionally, zooplankton abundance, along with the abundance and biomass of rotifers and protozoans, exhibited significant positive correlations with COD, BOD, and the BOD/COD ratio (p < 0.01). The ratio of rotifers to zooplankton displayed significant positive correlations with COD, BOD, and the BOD/COD ratio (p < 0.01), while the ratio of protozoans to zooplankton showed significant negative correlations with these parameters (p < 0.01). The findings indicate that organic matters predominantly supports zooplankton growth by fostering the proliferation of rotifers and protozoans. Additionally, organic matters may enhance the proportions of rotifers and protozoans, thereby shifting the whole group to smaller zooplankton community. The BOD/COD ratio also emerged as an important indicator of the influence of organic matters on zooplankton. These results suggest how zooplankton might respond to future environmental changes, including increased inputs of terrestrial organic matters and eutrophication under climate change scenarios.

93. 题目: Influence mechanisms of released humic substances during sludge thermal hydrolysis on anaerobic digestion: Roles of humic and fulvic acids
文章编号: N25010517
期刊: Journal of Cleaner Production
作者: Mingze Shi, Hongbo Liu, Xuedong Zhang, Yajie Li, Cheng Zhao, Fang Huang, Yaya Sun, Xinmin Zhan, He Liu
更新时间: 2025-01-05
摘要: Thermal hydrolysis pretreatment (THP) is widely applied to sludge anaerobic digestion (AD). However, a large number of humic substances (HSs), mainly humic acids (HAs) and fulvic acids (FAs), are released into the liquid phase during THP. The complex structures of HSs would influence sludge AD in ways that are not fully understood and sometimes contradictory. This study investigates the influence mechanisms of HSs on sludge AD by analyzing the divergent roles of HAs and FAs. The findings indicated that FAs exhibited a more positive influence on sludge AD than HAs, specifically in enhancing the acidogenesis and methanogenesis, while HAs promoted methanogenesis but inhibited hydrolysis and acidogenesis. These differences are attributed to their distinct effects on key enzymes. Although FAs had a stronger electrostatic potential, its inhibitory effect on extracellular enzymes was weaker than that of HAs, resulting from its weaker net trapping effect on enzymes due to its smaller molecular weights. The primary influence of FAs and HAs on intracellular enzymes is promoting electron transfer. However, the powerful electron donor capacity of HAs, as high as 352% of FAs, made it inhibitory to acidificationase. Moreover, it was found that the effects of HSs on pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR), acetate kinase (AK), and phosphotransacetylase (PTA) would be easily underestimated if only the total ultimate acidification activity is considered due to microbial enzyme self-regulation. The study revealed the essential reason for the differentiated effects of HAs and FAs on sludge AD, assisting in understanding how complex HSs influence sludge AD.

94. 题目: Low-Molecular Weight Organic Acids Can Enhance the Microbial Reduction of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and Pollutants by Improving Electrons Transfer
文章编号: N25010516
期刊: Journal of Hazardous Materials
作者: Yifan Cui, Xiaoyan Zhang, Peijie Yang, Yanwei Liu, Maoyong Song, Guijin Su, Yingying Guo, Yongguang Yin, Wentao Jiao, Yong Cai, Guibin Jiang
更新时间: 2025-01-05
摘要: The combined application of dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria (DIRB) and Fe(III) nanoparticles has garnered widespread interest in the contaminants transformation and removal. The efficiency of this composite system relies on the extracellular electron transfer (EET) process between DIRB and Fe(III) nanoparticles. While modifications to Fe(III) nanoparticles have demonstrated improvements in EET, enhancing DIRB activity also shows potential for further EET enhancement, meriting further investigation. In this study, we demonstrated that the addition of low-molecular organic acids (LMWOAs) (oxalate, pyruvate, malate, citrate, or fumarate) can improve the reduction of Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles by Geobacter sulfurreducens PCA through three pathways: increasing intracellular electron production, enhancing the reductive activity of extracellular metabolites, and improving the electron-donating capacity of extracellular polymeric substances. The maximum reduction of Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles reached up to 72%. Our results further showed that LMWOAs significantly boosted the removal rate and ratio of Cr(VI) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) by accelerating the EET process. Following the introduction of LMWOAs, the maximum reduction ratio of Cr(VI) reached 98 ± 0.05% within 24 h, while the degradation efficiency of HCB reached 92 ± 0.06% within 9 h. Overall, our study provided a precise mechanism of the role of LMWOAs on the EET process and a new strategy for reductive bioremediation of pollutants.

95. 题目: The adsorption behavior and mechanism of Cu(Ⅱ), Fe(Ⅱ) and Co(Ⅱ) on straw biochar and their Fenton-like performance for ciprofloxacin decontamination
文章编号: N25010515
期刊: Journal of Environmental Management
作者: Qinyu Yang, Jie Gao, Ting Guo, Weitian Yang, Zuoping Zhao, Guang Wen
更新时间: 2025-01-05
摘要: In this study, the adsorption of aqueous Cu(Ⅱ), Fe(Ⅱ), and Co(Ⅱ) on biochars at diverse synthesized temperatures was evaluated. The optimal sample BC-800 achieved superior adsorption performance of Cu(Ⅱ), Fe(Ⅱ), and Co(Ⅱ) at 10–50 mg L−1 initial concentration. Due to the larger surface area (349.6 m2/g), total pore volume (0.24 cm3/g), average pore diameter (6.4 nm), higher degree of graphitization (IG/ID = 1.00) and stable aromatic carbon structure, BC-800 achieved excellent adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ), Fe(Ⅱ), and Co(Ⅱ) through multilayer chemical adsorption, corresponding to the pseudo-2nd-order and Freundlich model (Qm Cu(Ⅱ) = 433.4 mg g−1, Qm Fe(Ⅱ) = 472.0 mg g−1 and Qm Co(Ⅱ) = 301.0 mg g−1). After then, the adsorbed biochars with Cu(Ⅱ), Fe(Ⅱ), and Co(Ⅱ) were directly used as heterogeneous catalysts in Fenton-like reaction for ciprofloxacin (CIP) degradation. Compared with Co-BC-800/peroxymonosulfate (PMS) system, Co-BC-800/H2O2 system exhibited the 56.6% decontamination of CIP with lower ions leaching (0.53 mg/L) within 70 min. The 97.9% of CIP was finally removed by Co-BC-800/H2O2 under optimized conditions: initial pH = 6.94, catalyst dosage = 1.0 g L−1, H2O2 concentration = 0.44 g L−1. Furthermore, Co-BC-800 exhibited superior acid-base adaptability (2.94–10.94) and anti-anion interference ability. The removal of CIP was achieved by the synergistic effect of adsorption and oxidative degradation. This study proposes some insights into the behavior and mechanism of metal ions adsorption on biochar and hazardous waste treatment.

96. 题目: The functional role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in enhancing soil organic carbon stocks and stability in dryland
文章编号: N25010514
期刊: Soil and Tillage Research
作者: Meng-Ying Li, Wei Wang, Hai-Hong Yin, Yinglong Chen, Muhammad Ashraf, Hong-Yan Tao, Shi-Sheng Li, Wen-Ying Wang, Chang-Lang Yang, Yun-Li Xiao, Li Zhu, You-Cai Xiong
更新时间: 2025-01-05
摘要: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are known to influence soil organic carbon (SOC) stock, but the mechanisms by which they affect SOC stability in the rhizosphere remains poorly understood. To address this gap, a 7-year field observation was conducted in a rainfed dryland maize field, with AMF inoculation, AMF exclusion (only benomyl treatment), and the control (no AMF and no benomyl). AMF introduction increased soil occluded particulate organic carbon (oPOC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) contents by 15.6 % and 7.1 %, respectively, compared to the control. However, no significant changes were observed in free particulate organic carbon (fPOC) levels. As expected, AMF exclusion led to a general reduction in SOC content. Analyses of in situ13C labeling showed that AMF inoculation evidently promoted the retention of 13C in oPOC (13.6 %) and MAOC (5.4 %), thereby enhancing SOC stability. High-throughput sequencing results revealed that AMF inoculation led to significant increases in the diversity and abundance of rhizosphere fungal community, with higher co-occurrence network complexity. Meanwhile, the diversity and abundance of rhizosphere bacterial community were substantially reduced (p < 0.05). Importantly, long-term AMF inoculation was observed to weaken soil N stocks, and inhibit microbial hydrolase secretion for C sources. The findings suggest that AMF inoculation can conserve and stabilize SOC by enhancing fungal community proliferation, while reducing microbial extracellular enzyme activity through soil N depletion. Therefore, AMF can be considered rhizosphere carbon engineer that boost persistent carbon sink in drylands via selectively affecting SOC components. The findings provide new insights into global nature-based carbon neutrality strategies.

97. 题目: The response of soil microbial necromass carbon to global change: A global meta-analysis
文章编号: N25010513
期刊: Catena
作者: Wenao Wu, Jiguang Feng, Xudong Wang, Jiatian Xiao, Wenkuan Qin, Biao Zhu
更新时间: 2025-01-05
摘要: Soil organic carbon (SOC) is the largest carbon pool of terrestrial ecosystems and it is vulnerable to global change. As an important component of SOC, soil microbial necromass carbon (MNC) largely determines the dynamics of SOC. However, the response of MNC to global change on a global scale is not well understood. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the global response of MNC to warming, altered precipitation, nutrient addition, and elevated CO2. Our results indicated that MNC was resistant to most global change factors. However, decreased precipitation reduced MNC by 6.79 % and fungal necromass carbon (FNC) by 8.99 %. In contrast, N addition had a favorable effect on MNC (+8.60 %), FNC (+7.61 %), and bacterial necromass carbon (BNC, +12.12 %). Additionally, initial environmental and experimental conditions affected the response of MNC to N addition. Notably, we found that MNC was more responsive in topsoil than in subsoil, which could account for the depth-dependent response of SOC. Furthermore, we found that the response of soil total nitrogen content and that of microbial biomass carbon mediated the MNC response to N addition. Overall, this study enhances our understanding of how MNC responds to global change on a global scale. In future studies, the response of MNC to global change in tropical/boreal regions, in long-term experiments, and in subsoils needs more attention.

98. 题目: Changes in phosphorus due to pyrolysis and in the soil-plant system amended with sewage sludge biochar compared to conventional P fertilizers: A global meta-analysis
文章编号: N25010512
期刊: Chemosphere
作者: José Ferreira Lustosa Filho, Rhaila da Silva Rodrigues Viana, Leônidas Carrijo Azevedo Melo, Cícero Célio de Figueiredo
更新时间: 2025-01-05
摘要: Phosphorus (P) plays an essential role for plant growth, but conventional P sources used in agriculture are finite and non-renewable. As a result, there is a growing need to explore alternative P sources such as sewage sludge (SS) − a P-rich solid waste and valuable renewable resource that is often mismanaged globally. Pyrolysis is a promising technique for managing SS. In this meta-analysis, we evaluated the pyrolysis effect on P concentration and fractions in SS using 381 paired observations from 77 peer-reviewed articles. Moreover, we assessed the impacts of SS biochar amendments on soil P pools and crop productivity, as well as the experimental factors influencing its efficacy. Our results indicate that pyrolysis significantly affects P solubility in SS biochar (SSB), reducing water-extractable P and slowing its release, while increasing P availability in NaOH and HCl extracts. Pyrolysis also leads to significant increase in apatite P (AP) by 188%, inorganic P (IP) by 107%, total P (TP) by 69%, non-apatite P (NAIP) by 33.9%, while reducing organic P (OP) by 65.2% compared to the original SS. Higher pyrolysis temperatures enhance the conversion of NAIP to AP. Biochar application increased soil available P content by an average of 324%, with the most significant effects at higher application rates (>20 t ha⁻¹) and in medium to fine-textured soils. Crop productivity improved by 50.5% with biochar application compared to non-fertilized controls, especially for maize and wheat. Overall, SSB application results in crop productivity similar to fertilized controls. Thus, SSB shows promise as a slow-release P fertilizer, offering long-term benefits for both crop productivity and soil health.

99. 题目: Critical evaluation of extracellular polymeric substances extraction methods: Extraction efficiency, molecular characteristics, and heavy metals binding properties
文章编号: N25010511
期刊: Science of the Total Environment
作者: Bei Ou, Xueyang Hu, Wenbo Yu, Fanhao Meng, Wen Li, Sha Liang, Shushan Yuan, Huabo Duan, Huijie Hou, Keke Xiao
更新时间: 2025-01-05
摘要: Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) significantly influence the properties and performance of waste activated sludge. Various pretreatment protocols with different extraction efficiency and characteristics of EPS have been reported, which markedly impact subsequent treatment and disposal of sewage sludge. This study systematically assesses the EPS properties from twelve extraction pretreatment methods. The organic and inorganic matters content, cell lysis, basic physicochemical property, molecular weight distribution, and fluorescence properties of extracted EPS were determined. Physical extraction methods (Centrifugation, Heat, and Ultrasound) were relatively mild, resulting in lower extraction of organic matter contents from EPS (< 6 mg total organic carbon /g volatile solids). Biological extraction methods (Enzyme and Enzyme-NaOH) exhibited high EPS extraction efficiency however led to significant cell lysis, thereby contaminating the extracted EPS with intracellular substances. In addition, heating and biological extraction methods excessively degraded EPS, resulting in a large amount of small molecular weight matters (≤ 103 Da) generation. Chemical extraction methods offered efficient EPS extraction with the different degrees of cell lysis, but it would introduce chemical reagent residues in EPS. Among those extraction methods, EPS extracted by cation exchange resin (CER) method had uniform and abundant molecular weight matters and fluorescence matters distribution. After dialysis, the residual Na and other metal elements could be significantly removed. Then, the fluorescence quenching effect of Cu(II) and Zn(II) at 400 μM on the Bound-EPS after dialysis increased up to the maximum value of 65 % and 30 %, respectively, compared to that without dialysis. It indicates that dialysis coupled with CER extracted EPS has a well extraction efficiency and can maintain the original state of EPS for the subsequent investigation.

100. 题目: Supportive functions of soil organic carbon for ecosystem services in karst desertification areas
文章编号: N25010510
期刊: Ecological Indicators
作者: Wang Xingfu, Liu Yi, Xiong Kangning, Huang Xianfei, Zhang Zhenming
更新时间: 2025-01-05
摘要: In this study, we explored the supportive functions of soil organic carbon (SOC) for ecosystem services in karst rocky desertification areas. A total of 200 soil samples were taken from various land use types, including grassland, forest and, agroforestry, and bare land in each rocky desertification location. The total SOC and its fractions, nitrogen (TN), phosphorus (TP), and potassium (TK) concentrations and the soil moisture were measured. The ecosystem service functions of soil nutrient retention, soil conservation, and carbon balance responses to the SOC were analyzed. The trade-off/synergy relationship between all the factors was discussed, and the shortcomings of the different ecosystems were identified. Finally, an optimization model with high synergy between each ecosystem service was proposed. The results showed that the SOC varies greatly under different rocky desertification levels, with values ranging from 11.28 to 35.08 g·kg−1 and a mean of 23.80 g·kg−1. The SOC content in the different rocky desertification levels was as follows, in descending order: moderate to intense > potential to mild > nonexistent to potential. Meanwhile, the SOC content in the different ecosystems was as follows, in descending order: agroforestry land > forest land > grassland. The values range of TN, TP, and TK were 1.04 to 2.95, 0.38 to 1.29, and 1.17 to 13.60 g·kg−1 respectively, and their average values were 2.01, 1.06, and 5.37 g·kg−1. The SOC can promote the benefits of TN, TP, and TK, prevent erosion, and improve soil moisture and carbon storage to a certain extent. There was a high synergy between each of the factors in the soil of the agroforestry ecosystems, especially SOC, TN, and TP in the nonexistent to potential rocky desertification area. The agroforestry models “forest-grain”, “forest-fruit”, “forest-vegetable” and “forest-medicine” can be used as extension models of the artificial ecosystem, which can promote ecosystem service synergy and the comprehensive control of rocky desertification in the South China Karst.