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81. 题目: Observations of refractory black carbon particles in cloud drop residuals from deep convective clouds over the rain shadow region of India
文章编号: N26060514
期刊: Atmospheric Environment
作者: Arya Pisharody, Sachin Patade, Mercy Varghese, Josin Sanal Thomas, Neelam Malap, Thara Prabhakaran
更新时间: 2026-06-05
摘要: Refractory black carbon (rBC) plays an important role in aerosol-cloud-radiation interactions, yet in situ observations of rBC incorporation into cloud droplets within deep convective monsoon clouds remain limited. Aircraft-based measurements of ambient and in-cloud rBC were conducted during Cloud Aerosol Interaction and Precipitation Enhancement EXperiment (CAIPEEX Phase-IV) over the rain-shadow region of peninsular India. Ambient aerosols were sampled using an isokinetic inlet, while cloud droplet residuals were sampled using a counterflow virtual impactor (CVI) inlet.

82. 题目: Enterobacter cloacae-loaded biochar suppresses cadmium accumulation in rice: Dual stabilization via soil immobilization and iron plaque interception.
文章编号: N26060513
期刊: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
作者: Weijie Xu, Yaqian Li, Bin zhong, Jian Zhang, Zhenyu Liu, Zhenghang Wei, Minghui Dai, Hanbo Chen, Dan Liu
更新时间: 2026-06-05
摘要: Cadmium (Cd) contamination in paddy soils poses serious risks to environmental quality and human health through rice consumption, necessitating effective amendments to immobilize Cd and reduce its uptake by crops. We conducted a pot experiment to evaluate rice straw derived biochar (BC), Enterobacter cloacae suspension (ET), and Enterobacter cloacae-loaded biochar (BE) applied at 1, 2 and 3% (w/w) on soil properties, microbial communities, Cd immobilization, and Cd accumulation in rice. BE treatments significantly improved soil pH, cation exchange capacity, and organic matter content compared with the control. Amone these, BE3% achieved a greatest reduction in soil available Cd (40.84%) and promoted its conversion into more stable residual fractions. Notably, BE2% induced significant shifts in the soil bacterial community, characterized by enrichment of anaerobic carbon-degrading taxa (Anaerolineaceae and Clostridiaceae) and iron reducing functional groups (Anaeromyxobacteraceae and Xanthobacteraceae), suggesting functionally oriented microbial reassembly driven by niche modification following amendment application. These microbial changes coincided with enhanced formation of iron plaques on rice root, effectively sequestering Cd and restricting its translocation into plant tissues. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis revealed that iron plaque development played a pivotal role in stablizing soil Cd stabilization with rice Cd uptake and internal redistribution. These results highlight the critical role of BE in reducing Cd concentrations in rice root, stem, leaf, and grain while enhancing rice yield, with BE2% showing the most favorable overall performance.

83. 题目: Molecular responses of dissolved organic matter to surface water–groundwater interactions in the Tibetan Plateau
文章编号: N26060512
期刊: Journal of Hydrology
作者: Bing Yi, Shiyu Liu, Wei He, Xiaorui Chen, Xu Cao, Wei Kang, Xianjiang Zeng, Xian-ge Wang, Bing Zhou, Liang Zhu, Fei Liu
更新时间: 2026-06-05
摘要: Surface water-groundwater interactions (SGI) zones act as critical biogeochemical hotspots regulating the transport and transformation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in alpine watersheds, where seasonal precipitation and snowmelt influence carbon cycles by modulating SGI patterns. To investigate these complex hydro-biogeochemical linkages within a representative alpine context, optical indices, molecular characteristics, and water stable isotopes were combined to investigate DOM sources, composition, and transformation in surface water and groundwater in the Datonghe Watershed, a typical high-altitude catchment in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau characterized by intense and climate-sensitive SGI. The main findings showed that DOM in groundwater predominantly recharged by precipitation (GRP) exhibited lower aromaticity and double bond equivalents (DBEwa = 7.4), higher S275-295 values (15.46 ± 9.77 μm−1), and enrichment in aliphatic compounds and peptides. In contrast, surface water and non-GRP groundwater were dominated by aromatic hydrocarbons and carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecules (CRAM) with higher molecular weights. Notably, GRP contained five times more high-oxygen sulfur compounds (O/S > 12) than other water types, suggesting oxidative inputs from atmospheric aerosols. Overall, precipitation intensity drove DOM dynamics by activating distinct SGI pathways. SGI functioned as a bidirectional yet asymmetrical biogeochemical regulator. Although vertical recharge during intense rainfall delivered photochemically oxidized, aliphatic-rich atmospheric signatures into the aquifer, lateral transport drove intensive redox-mediated nitrogen and sulfur transformations. Consequently, whereas groundwater underwent robust molecular reworking, the riverine DOM pool remained shaped by the mixing of recalcitrant, subsurface-processed groundwater end-members. Therefore, hydrological connectivity and recharge pathways exerted first-order controls on DOM oxidation, redox turnover, and carbon mobility across the surface water–groundwater continuum.

84. 题目: Chemical characterization of dissolved organic matter in three blue carbon communities
文章编号: N26060511
期刊: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science
作者: Isabel Casal-Porras, Fernando G Brun, José Lucas Pérez-Lloréns, Eva Zubía
更新时间: 2026-06-05
摘要: Vegetated coastal (i.e., blue carbon) communities actively contribute to marine dissolved organic matter (DOM), which may enter the food chain (labile DOM) or remain for longer periods, for example stored in the deep ocean, and contribute to the blue carbon pool (recalcitrant DOM). In recent years, the chemical characterization of DOM at molecular level has proven to provide key information about the sources, transformations, and fate of marine DOM. This study aimed to investigate the molecular composition of DOM in three coastal communities, the seagrasses Cymodocea nodosa and Zostera noltei, and the macroalga Caulerpa prolifera, using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). 1H NMR spectra were closely similar for these communities and revealed aromatic features consistent with terrestrial DOM inputs. HRMS analysis of DOM assigned a total of 2492 molecular formulae. All the communities showed similar chemical profiles with most formulae attributable to highly unsaturated (58.8-62.3%) and aromatic (16.9-24.7%) compounds. In a bioavailability assay, C. prolifera community had the highest percentage of labile compounds (55%), followed by C. nodosa (50%) and Z. noltei (38%). According to van Krevelen diagrams, a significant fraction of labile compounds in all communities belonged to lipid-, peptide-, amino sugar-, and carbohydrate-like classes. These results provide novel insights into the molecular composition of DOM in blue carbon ecosystems and are consistent with inputs from seagrasses, terrestrial sources, and plants from adjacent salt marshes. The percentage of labile compounds in DOM seems dependent on the dominant species, and therefore, their potential contribution to the blue carbon pool.

85. 题目: Dynamic buffering of EPS compensates for inhibition of PAOs under high phosphorus load
文章编号: N26060510
期刊: Environmental Technology & Innovation
作者: Ge Yu, Yuying Fan, Yang Jiao, Xueying Shi, Wenbin Zhao, Shuang Zhong, Wenai Liu, Shengshu Ai, Dejun Bian, Donglei Zou
更新时间: 2026-06-05
摘要: Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) faces the challenge of inhibited activity of polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) under high phosphorus loading conditions. This study identifies a dynamic phosphorus buffering mechanism mediated by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which effectively compensates for the inhibitory effects on PAOs. Three micro-pressure swirl reactors (MPSRs) were employed to treat wastewater with influent total phosphorus concentrations of 5, 10, and 15 mg/L. After continuous operation for over 400 days, the effluent total phosphorus concentrations from all systems consistently remained below 0.3 mg/L. The results indicate that the phosphorus content in EPS exhibited a periodic fluctuation, initially increasing and then declining. The peak concentration of phosphorus rose with higher influent phosphorus levels (from 48.19 to 114.44 mg/L) and subsequently decreased to a range of 37.5–70.5 mg/L by the end of the cycle, establishing a dynamic cycle of adsorption and retention—release and supply. Mass balance analysis indicated that over 50% of the phosphate was retained in the EPS fraction during the cycle, with tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) accounting for more than 80% of this retention, which was subsequently removed from the system along with the excess sludge.The release of phosphorus from EPS triggered by step changes in dissolved oxygen (DO) is directly utilized for intracellular polyphosphate synthesis rather than being released into the aqueous phase. This finding confirms the functional coupling between EPS-mediated phosphorus buffering and the metabolism of PAOs. Metagenomic analysis revealed that under high phosphorus conditions, the abundance of PAOs decreased, while denitrifying polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (DPAOs) and high EPS-producing genera, such as Zoogloea, became dominant. This study challenges the traditional view of EPS as a static phosphorus reservoir, offering a viable technical solution for addressing the variability in influent phosphorus concentrations in urban wastewater.

86. 题目: Comparison on simultaneous ecosystem stabilization, bio-clogging alleviation and phosphorus removal in constructed wetlands amended with biochar prepared by reed and sludge
文章编号: N26060509
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Xiuwen Qian, Juan Huang, Jin Xu, Jiawei Yao, Yiren Gao, Zhishui Liang, Ming Tang, Ying Shi
更新时间: 2026-06-05
摘要: Reed-based (RBC) and sludge-based biochar (SBC) were compared to assess impacts on removal performance and ecological stability in constructed wetlands (CWs). Both RBC and SBC significantly increased chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal to 80.1%, and 81.6%. More abundant functional groups on the SBC surface likely contributed to its higher COD removal. However, marked enhancement of total phosphorus (TP) removal was observed only in RBC amended group, with efficiency up to 95.9%. Impacts on biological factors varied due to different biochar addition. RBC was more inclined to raise photosynthetic parameter contents by 11.0–18.0%. It also promoted key enzymes including dehydrogenase (DHA) and neutral phosphatase (NP) by 141.3% and 36.1% compared with control, while SBC caused 46.3% increase of NP activity, probably owing to phosphorus released from sludge. Besides, biochar caused simultaneous promotion of biofilm growth and alleviation of bio-clogging, particularly in SBC amended group. Both biochar altered microbial community structure and enriched bacteria involved in nutrient utilization, transformation, and removal. Acidobacteriota and Bacteroidota were enriched with SBC amendment, while RBC caused enrichment of Chloroflex, Cyanobacteria, Verrucomicrobiota, and Myxococcota. RBC was more prone to enrich polyphosphate-accumulating microorganisms (PAOs) like Pseudoxanthomonas and Dechloromonas, thus promoting microbial TP removal. Moreover, SBC up-regulated inorganic phosphorus metabolism genes, while RBC led to higher abundance of genes involved in phosphorus transportation and regulation, including Pst, Phn, Ugp, and Pit system that belonged to ABC transporters, and gene K07637 and K01113 belonging to two-component system. Up-regulation of glycogen biosynthesis genes by biochar amendment revealed promotion on biofilm formation.

87. 题目: Novel Betaine-Ionic Liquid Modified Biochar: Synthesis and Application as Adsorbent for Extraction of Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics
文章编号: N26060508
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Linh Dieu Nguyen, Thao-Vy Duong Nguyen, Tam Minh Cao, Mai Anh Nguyen, Phuong Hoang Tran
更新时间: 2026-06-05
摘要: In this study, N-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)-N,N-dimethylcarbamoylbetaine chloride was immobilized onto biochar derived from coconut shells to obtain an ionic liquid-functionalized biochar (BC-Si), as a robust stationary phase for the solid-phase extraction (SPE) of nine FQs, including ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, enrofloxacin, sarafloxacin, danofloxacin, ofloxacin, orbifloxacin, nalidixic acid, and flumequine. The unique functionalization with N-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)-N,N-dimethylcarbamoylbetaine chloride ionic liquid provides multiple interaction mechanisms, including electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, π–π interactions, dipole interactions, and hydrophobic contacts, enabling strong affinity not only toward fluoroquinolones but also toward a broader range of ionizable, polar, and heteroatom-rich organic contaminants. Sorbents are typically designed for classes of compounds sharing similar physicochemical properties, similar to C18, HLB, or ion-exchange phases, thereby extending the applicability of the material beyond a single group of analytes, effectively enhancing the extraction from complex environmental and food matrices. The investigation comprises two main components: characterization of ionic-liquid-modified biochar and its application in SPE, with a focus on optimizing extraction and preconcentration conditions for trace levels of FQs. BC-Si illustrated outstanding analytical results, with high recoveries for the target FQ antibiotics. In this method, the enrichment factor was determined to be in the range of 30.75 - 43.00. The LODs of the methods for fish-farming water, and milk samples were in the ranges of 0.17 - 0.67μgL-1, 0.47 - 0.81μgL-1, and 0.45 - 0.95μgL-1, with RSD values below 7%. The findings illuminated the efficiency of the modified biochar in SPE and its potential for monitoring aquatic micropollutant contamination to safeguard ecosystem integrity.

88. 题目: Adsorption Performance and Mechanisms of Antibiotics on Potassium Hydroxide-Activated Biochar
文章编号: N26060507
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Haojie Li, Yiqin He, Zhixu Xia, Shuo Wang, Xiaole Dong, Xinpeng Liu, Qingmei Meng
更新时间: 2026-06-05
摘要: The widespread application of antibiotics has posed considerable environmental risks to aquatic environments. In this study, loofah sponge biochar modified with potassium hydroxide (PLB-1-900) was prepared and applied for the adsorption of three representative antibiotics, namely sulfadiazine (SDZ), tetracycline hydrochloride (TC), and ciprofloxacin (CIP). PLB-1-900 exhibited excellent adsorption performance toward the three antibiotics. The adsorption kinetics were better described by the pseudo-second-order model, suggesting that chemisorption-related surface interactions were involved in the adsorption process. The adsorption isotherms fitted well with the Langmuir model, indicating monolayer adsorption on relatively homogeneous adsorption sites. The maximum adsorption capacities of PLB-1-900 for SDZ, TC, and CIP were 588.24mg·g⁻1, 370.37mg·g⁻1, and 476.19mg·g⁻1, respectively. PLB-1-900 maintained favorable adsorption performance over a broad pH range, especially under near-neutral conditions. In mixed-antibiotic and actual water systems, SDZ and CIP still showed relatively strong adsorption affinity, while TC adsorption was more easily inhibited by competitive adsorption and matrix interference. Regeneration experiments showed that PLB-1-900 exhibited good reusability for SDZ, and the HCl–ethanol mixed eluent improved the regeneration performance for CIP. The adsorption mechanisms mainly involved pore filling and π–π electron donor–acceptor (EDA) interactions, assisted by hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, Lewis acid–base interactions, and surface complexation. These results demonstrate that PLB-1-900 is a promising low-cost adsorbent for antibiotic removal from water.

89. 题目: Extracellular polymeric substances Govern granule size differentiation and microbial assembly in denitratation–Anammox systems
文章编号: N26060506
期刊: Bioresource Technology
作者: Jinyan Wang, Shenbin Cao, Xing Li, Zhiwei Zhou, Rui Du
更新时间: 2026-06-05
摘要: The Complete Ammonium and Nitrate Removal via Denitratation–Anammox over Nitrite (CANDAN) is a promising low-carbon strategy for sustainable nitrogen removal; however, the mechanistic linkage between extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), aggregation behavior, granule size differentiation, and microbial assembly remains unclear. Here, size-fractionated granules from a CANDAN reactor were systematically investigated to establish a multi-scale framework linking EPS structural properties to aggregation-driven granule organization and microbiome assembly. Medium-sized granules (0.5–1.0 mm) exhibited the highest aggregation capacity (74.5%) and fastest aggregation kinetics, indicating a cohesive and dynamically stable matrix. This aggregation advantage was closely associated with optimized functional performance, including high specific anammox activity (8.76 ± 1.36mg N g−1 VSS h−1), the highest nitrate reduction and nitrite production rates, and a high nitrite transformation ratio (90.1%), reflecting efficient pathway coupling in CANDAN systems. EPS analyses revealed that aggregation and stability were governed primarily by structural organization rather than bulk EPS content. Medium-sized granules were characterized by a lower protein-to-polysaccharide ratio, enriched hydrophobic functional groups, and β-sheet-dominated protein conformations, which collectively enhanced intercellular cohesion and stabilized the EPS matrix. This structurally optimized aggregation regime further shaped microbial assembly, promoting the enrichment and coordination of Candidatus Brocadia and Thauera. Overall, this study identifies aggregation capacity as a key mechanistic driver linking EPS structural properties to granule size differentiation and microbial assembly, highlighting granule size as a mesoscale regulator bridging physicochemical structure and ecological function.

90. 题目: Targeted etching of metallurgical slag reborn as Fe-encapsulated biochar particle electrodes: Boosting electrocatalytic PMS activation over a wide pH range
文章编号: N26060505
期刊: Separation and Purification Technology
作者: Ran Li, Guangzan Tong, Jie Pan, Junjie Wang, Na Li
更新时间: 2026-06-05
摘要: Three-dimensional electrochemical reactors (3DER) coupled with peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation represent a highly promising technology for refractory wastewater treatment; however, their widespread application is strictly constrained by the scarcity of particle electrodes that simultaneously exhibit high activity, low metal leaching, and low cost. Herein, an innovative “dual-waste synergy” combined with a “chemical unlocking” strategy is proposed, successfully transforming magnetic separation copper slag (MCS) and discarded cigarette butts into high-performance iron-decorated porous biocarbon (Fe@PB) particle electrodes. Facilitated by the targeted desilication effect of hydrofluoric acid (HF), the iron active sites previously passivated by the silicate crystal lattice within the copper slag are effectively liberated and subsequently anchored in situ within a porous carbon framework during the successive hydrothermal-calcination process. Within the 3DER system, Fe@PB demonstrates exceptional electrocatalytic performance for PMS activation. The pseudo-first-order degradation rate constant for levofloxacin (LFX) reached 0.41 min−1, accompanied by rapid LFX degradation and substantial TOC removal within 60 min, while operating at a low specific energy consumption of 220.97 kW h kg−1 LFX. Most notably, this system sustains profound degradation efficacy across an exceptionally broad pH range (3.0–9.0). Corroborated by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, quenching experiments, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, it is confirmed that, unlike the hydroxyl/sulfate radical-dominated pathways of traditional iron-based catalysts, the Fe@PB/3DER system is governed by a non-radical evolution mechanism. By relying on the synergistic oxidation of pollutants via surface complex-mediated direct electron transfer (ETP) and singlet oxygen (1O2), the porous carbon layer acts not only as a bridge for electron shuttling but also as a “physical armor” that suppresses iron ion leaching to an imperceptible level. Furthermore, the Fe@PB particle electrode maintained robust LFX degradation in complex water matrices containing typical background ions and dissolved organic matter, while multi-cycle tests and metal-leaching measurements confirmed its operational stability and reduced secondary-pollution risk, demonstrating its broad applicability for refractory wastewater remediation.

91. 题目: Molecular footprint and pathways of DOM Biotransformation in the Yangtze River
文章编号: N26060504
期刊: Water Research
作者: Guangrui Yang, Farong Chen, Songchol Kang, Jiaming Chen, Chu Zhao, Lize Meng, Xinyi Zhang, Jiayue Lu, Shuaidong Li, Zihao Bian, Jian Zhou, Qihao Jiang, Tao Huang, Hao Yang, Changchun Huang
更新时间: 2026-06-05
摘要: The biodegradation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) regulates riverine carbon dioxide emissions, yet the specific molecular biotransformation pathways driving dissolved organic carbon (DOC) degradation kinetics remain poorly constrained. Using incubation experiments coupled with FT-ICR MS in the Yangtze River, we show that biodegradation reshapes DOM via a mass-difference-based molecular network dominated by oxidation (26.4%) and carboxylic acid reactions (20.9%), yielding smaller, highly oxidized, and heteroatom-depleted products. These pathways exhibit distinct compositional selectivity, as the specific types of carbon-removal pathways differ significantly between the upstream and downstream of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) while noncarbon-removal pathways remain spatially consistent. Crucially, hierarchical partitioning identifies mass-derived reactions of carboxylic acids and de-alkyl groups as the primary kinetic drivers, independently explaining 55.45% and 6.36% of the variance in DOC decay rates, respectively, while oxidation primarily serves as a preparatory phase enhancing precursor bioavailability. Spatially, the TGD acts as a biogeochemical boundary, with upstream carbon-removal pathways effectively fueled by agricultural inputs and elevated nutrient levels, whereas downstream noncarbon-removal pathways were predominantly driven by urbanization and autochthonous production. This study elucidates the distinct roles of specific biotransformation pathways in governing DOM decomposition kinetics in regulated large river ecosystems.

92. 题目: Targeted modulation of active sites on sludge-derived biochar via H2O2 oxidative etching for enhanced peroxymonosulfate activation
文章编号: N26060503
期刊: Chemical Engineering Journal
作者: Meng Li, Chenyu Song, Jiajun Sun, Jianmao Yang, Dongsheng Xia, Jianyun Liu
更新时间: 2026-06-05
摘要: Precise identification and targeted modulation of active sites in metal-free carbon materials are pivotal for developing highly efficient and practical catalysts. In this work, H2O2 oxidative etching was employed as an effective strategy for active site engineering to enhance the capacity of sludge-derived biochar (SBC) to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS). A series of modified SBC catalysts (HSBC-x) were prepared by varying the H2O2 dosage, and a quantitative relationship between the surface structure and catalytic performance of HSBC-x was systematically investigated. By comparison, HSBC-2 exhibited the optimal PMS catalytic activity, with 1O2 identified as the dominant reactive species. Pearson correlation analysis and machine learning-driven feature importance ranking were conducted to identify that carbonyl (C=O) groups and structural defects were the key factors governing the catalytic performance of HSBC-x. DFT calculations revealed that C=O-modified armchair-edge defects facilitated PMS adsorption and accelerated charge transfer, suggesting that the specific synergistic configuration of oxygen functional groups and defect structures was key to boosting reaction activity. These findings deepen the understanding of the structure-activity relationship of carbon-based catalysts and provide new insights for their functional design and performance optimization.

93. 题目: Linking thermal analysis with size fractionation for low-cost quantification of soil organic carbon fractions
文章编号: N26060502
期刊: Geoderma
作者: Claudia Dǎmǎtîrcǎ, Ryan Farquharson, Phillip Ford, Xueyu Zhao, Christina Asanopoulos, Janine McGowan, Sheridan Morton, Mark Farrell, Ben Macdonald, Senani Karunaratne
更新时间: 2026-06-05
摘要: Soil organic carbon (SOC) is highly complex, and its heterogeneous composition still eludes complete characterisation. While a range of physical and chemical methods have been developed to differentiate distinct SOC pools, most are expensive and labour-intensive, limiting large-scale application. Thermal analysis offers a potentially time- and cost-efficient alternative for quantifying SOC with differing stability. This study compared two thermal methods, oxidation-only and oxidation-pyrolysis-oxidation using step-ramping protocols, to identify the most appropriate approach and assess its consistency with an established framework quantifying three biologically significant SOC fractions derived from size fractionation followed by solid-state 13C NMR characterisation. A total of 111 soil samples collected across diverse pedo-climatic conditions in Australia’s agricultural regions were size fractionated and characterised using both thermal and 13C NMR approaches. The thermal oxidation method quantified thermal SOC fractions more consistently than the oxidation-pyrolysis-oxidation method, which produced inconsistent and inaccurate outputs. Compared with 13C NMR-derived fractions, thermal oxidation yielded slightly higher particulate and slowly decomposable humus-like organic carbon fractions, particularly at higher concentrations, while resistant organic carbon was significantly lower. This pattern suggests a compensatory redistribution among SOC fractions, reflecting that the two methods target different regions of the resistant organic carbon continuum. Permanova analysis confirmed that SOC fraction estimates derived from thermal oxidation and 13C NMR were significantly different. Despite differences between the two methods, the results highlight the potential of thermal analysis to support process-based SOC modelling, national greenhouse gas inventories, soil monitoring frameworks, soil health assessment, carbon accounting, and natural capital evaluation.

94. 题目: Biochar amendment improves rice seedling quality and mitigates greenhouse gas emissions for cleaner seedling production
文章编号: N26060501
期刊: Journal of Cleaner Production
作者: Min Lu, Houmin Song, Chen Wang, Pinshang Xu, Hongliang Zhao, Feiyu Yan, Zhiwei Huang, Yuan Niu, Guoliang Zhang
更新时间: 2026-06-05
摘要: This study investigated the effects of biochar addition on rice seedling quality, medium physicochemical properties, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during the seedling stage. The ultimate goal was to develop a low-carbon nursery technology to support sustainable rice production. Two rice varieties, japonica ‘Nanhuaijing 5' (JR) and indica hybrid ‘Lianliangyou 9312' (IR), were cultivated under four substrate treatments: a basal layer of seedling mat topped with a 1:1 (mass ratio) mixture of nutrient soil and commercial seedling substrate amended with biochar at 0%, 4%, 8%, and 12% (w/w). Seedling growth, medium physicochemical and biological properties, GHG fluxes (CH4 and N2O), and microbial functional gene expression were analyzed at 7, 14, and 21 days after sowing (DAS). The results indicated that moderate biochar application (4%–8%) significantly enhanced seedling morphological and physiological traits, including plant height, dry matter accumulation, and antioxidant enzyme activities. Biochar also improved seedling medium properties, including electrical conductivity (EC), pH, and nutrient retention. Importantly, CH4 and N2O emission fluxes and cumulative emissions were significantly reduced, with the 8% biochar treatment showing the most pronounced mitigation effect. These improvements were associated with better medium aeration, moisture regulation, and modulated microbial activity. Furthermore, biochar amendment influenced key microbial functional genes involved in CH4 and N2O metabolism, including mcrA, amoA, nirK, nirS, and nosZ, supporting its role in regulating GHG emissions. The findings demonstrate that optimal biochar addition (e.g., 8%) can simultaneously enhance rice seedling quality while reducing GHG emissions during the seedling period, offering a sustainable, low-carbon strategy for green rice seedling production within a cleaner agricultural framework.

95. 题目: Conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations reshapes soil organic carbon sequestration through divergent accrual of plant lignin and microbial residues.
文章编号: N26060416
期刊: Journal of Environmental Management
作者: Xia Yuan, Xiaoyi Cai, Xiai Zhu, Wenjie Liu
更新时间: 2026-06-04
摘要: Tropical forests are being destroyed and converted to tree plantations at an alarming rate, with major consequences for soil organic carbon (SOC) cycling. Although mechanistic insights into SOC formation are fundamental to sustainable land management, how forest-to-plantation conversion modulates plant- and microbial-derived SOC remains unclear. Herein, we evaluated SOC sources using lignin phenols and amino sugars as biomarkers and identified their key drivers across a rubber plantation chronosequence (9, 21, and 37 years) established after tropical rainforest conversion in Southwest China. Both lignin phenol and amino sugar concentrations were positively correlated with total SOC and declined significantly with soil depth. Conversion of rainforest to young rubber plantations was associated with marked reductions in SOC (43%), lignin (18%), and amino sugars (7%) across the 0-40 cm profile. However, both biomarker pools followed an increasing trajectory with rubber stand age, likely driven by enhanced plant litter and root inputs together with reduced microbial lignin degradation. Lignin phenols were mainly regulated by plant properties (e.g., root biomass) and abiotic soil factors (e.g., nutrient availability), whereas amino sugar accumulation was more closely linked to microbial attributes. Notably, lower glucosamine:muramic acid ratios in rubber plantations than in rainforest soils suggest a shift in microbial residue composition that may influence the long-term persistence of microbial-derived SOC. Microbial residues contributed 5.2-9.3 times more to SOC than plant-derived C, highlighting the dominant role of microbial pathways in SOC formation. Moreover, rainforest-to-rubber conversion (regardless of stand age) decreased the relative contribution of plant-derived C to SOC while increasing that of microbial-derived C, particularly bacterial residues. Overall, our results indicate that conversion of tropical forest to rubber plantations was associated with substantial shifts in SOC composition, including an initial loss in both plant- and microbial-derived C and a compositional change in the microbial residue pool that may reduce its persistence potential. These findings highlight the need for rubber plantation managements that promote both SOC recovery and long-term persistence of key C components.

96. 题目: Zerovalent Iron-Loaded Biochar Coupled with Ball Milling for Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid Remediation: Synergistic Capture and Mechanochemical Degradation
文章编号: N26060415
期刊: Environmental Science & Technology
作者: Min Yang, Yan Wen, Shumeng An, Yiying Zhao, Zheng Fang, Ruonan Qiu, Huihui Chen, Qiang Liu
更新时间: 2026-06-04
摘要: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), particularly perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), are ubiquitous persistent pollutants in environmental matrices at trace concentrations, posing long-term risks to ecological safety and human health. This study developed an integrated system coupling zerovalent iron-loaded biochar (BC-ZVI) with ball milling for simultaneous PFOS capture and degradation. Under optimal conditions, BC-ZVI achieved near-complete removal of 53.8 mg·L–1 PFOS within 60 min (residue below detection limit), with similar efficiency for PFOA, GenX, PFBA, and PFBS. Synergistic electrostatic interactions, pore diffusion, and material hydrophobicity collectively govern the efficient adsorption. Subsequent ball milling degraded 99.9% adsorbed PFOS with 57.9% defluorination within 480 min. Mechanistically, Fe-mediated electron transfer reduces C–S bond dissociation energy from 366.4 to 315.9 kJ·mol–1, facilitating PFOS cleavage to generate CF3(CF2)7· radicals. These radicals predominantly undergo defluorination via the ·OH pathway (ΔG‡ = 97.93 kJ·mol–1), whereas the alternative ·H pathway is kinetically unfavorable due to a prohibitively high energy barrier (ΔG‡ = 907.28 kJ·mol–1). Notably, BC-ZVI maintained robust adsorption capacity after aerobic aging, anaerobic aging, and sulfidation, with only minor impairments to ball milling-mediated PFOS degradation. Recyclability tests demonstrated stable adsorption performance across three consecutive cycles, with a slight decline in degradation efficiency. Integrated assessment confirms that the BC-ZVI/ball milling system represents a sustainable and cost-effective strategy for PFOS remediation.

97. 题目: Soil Organic Carbon and pH Interactions Mediate N Impacts on Nematode Abundance and Composition
文章编号: N26060414
期刊: Global Change Biology
作者: Shuqi Wu, Tangqing He, Zhengkun Hu, Mingqi Li, Xiaodong Wang, Yexin Zhao, Xinxin Cao, Qiulai Song, Di Wu, Qingsong Shen, Pei Zhang, Liming Tian, Tserang Donko Mipam, Yi Zhang, Zhenping Gong, Chao Yan, Yunpeng Qiu, Shuijin Hu
更新时间: 2026-06-04
摘要: Human activities have dramatically increased nitrogen (N) inputs to terrestrial ecosystems, with cascading effects on soil biodiversity and function. Soil nematodes, the most abundant animals on Earth, play critical roles in nutrient cycling and ecosystem health. Although numerous studies have examined N effects on soil nematodes, crucial knowledge gaps remain regarding how these varying responses depend on fundamental soil properties like organic carbon (C) content and soil acidity, particularly across soils with contrasting baseline properties under identical fertilization regimes. Through a long‐term field experiment with soils differing in organic C contents, here we show that baseline soil conditions strongly affect the effects of N enrichment on soil nematode communities. Specifically, N addition increased nematode abundance in C‐rich soils, while significantly reducing it in C‐poor soils through inducing soil acidification. Soil pH emerged as a critical filter regulating nematode responses to N enrichment, determining which trophic groups thrived or declined and thereby reshaping soil C cycling pathways. Results from a global meta‐analysis further reveal that nematode abundance exhibited a hump‐shaped relationship with soil pH, peaking at 5.9–6.0, while increasing monotonically with SOC. Together, our results demonstrate that local soil properties mediate N impacts on soil food webs more strongly than N input alone. By linking N inputs with nematode community shifts through measurable soil properties, our work provides a framework for predicting how global changes might alter belowground ecosystems. This knowledge is crucial for developing sustainable agricultural practices that maintain soil biodiversity while meeting crop production demands.

98. 题目: Biochar enhances the nitrogen removal performance of Anammox process under salinity stress: EPS modulation and versatile metabolic hierarchy
文章编号: N26060413
期刊: Chemical Engineering Journal
作者: Yonggan Li, Jiafu Qin, Enhang Zhuang, Jiayi Li, Yongxing Chen, Yu Zhang, Zhenguo Chen, Xiaojun Wang
更新时间: 2026-06-04
摘要: Salinity is a common issue affecting nitrogen metabolism in Anammox systems, especially in the treatment of low-nitrogen wastewater, where it may be more sensitive. Therefore, seeking cost-effective and sustainable mitigation strategies is crucial for enhancing the treatment efficiency of the Anammox process for high-salinity wastewater. This study investigated the feasibility of using biochar to alleviate salinity stress on Anammox nitrogen removal performance in a low-nitrogen wastewater treatment system and elucidated the underlying mechanism. Adding 10 g/L of biochar under salinity levels of 2–20 g/L could significantly enhance nitrogen metabolic activity of the Anammox process, with total nitrogen removal efficiency increasing by 11.08%–14.18% compared with the control group (CG). Microorganisms regulated by biochar produced more extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) with higher redox activity. The electron exchange capacity was 4.89 times higher than that of CG. Biochar may enhance the electron transfer activity of the system by promoting the synthesis and accumulation of aromatic structural substances. Metagenomic analysis indicated that biochar was conducive to improving the nitrogen metabolism activity. Overall, the relative abundance of hzs and hdh increased by 8.98% and 8.33% compared with CG. In addition, biochar enhanced the carbon fixation capacity and ATP synthesis of microorganisms under salinity stress by stimulating the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway and the tricarboxylic acid cycle biosynthesis pathway. Meanwhile, biochar-driven biosynthesis regulation promoted the production of menaquinone (M00930) and heme (M00847). This indicates that the efficiency of electron shuttling in the system and the reaction flux could be simultaneously enhanced. This study reveals how biochar helps alleviate salinity inhibition in Anammox systems, offering a possible solution for low-carbon nitrogen removal from saline wastewater.

99. 题目: Influence of rice husk biochar particle size on nutrient uptake and microbial metabolic profiles in sandy loam soil.
文章编号: N26060412
期刊: Environmental Science and Pollution Research
作者: Karma Wangdi, Wanwisa Pansak, Kesinee Iamsaard, Nuttapon Khongdee, Suwit Kiravittaya, Suphannika Intanon
更新时间: 2026-06-04
摘要: Rice husk biochar (RHB) is widely used as a soil amendment; however, the influence of particle size on nutrient dynamics, microbial function, and crop productivity in sandy loam soils requires further investigation. Therefore, this study aimed to (i) compare the effects of RHB particle size on soil physicochemical properties, (ii) investigate variations in soil microbial functional activity and metabolic profiles under different RHB particle size treatments, and (iii) assess the effects of different RHB particle sizes on water retention and nitrogen leaching, nutrient uptake, and crop productivity. A completely randomized design with eight treatments was established to examine small, medium, and large RHB particles applied with or without chemical fertilizer, including two controls (soil alone and soil with fertilizer), using sandy loam columns. RHB application significantly improved soil physicochemical properties, particularly when combined with fertilizer. Notably small RHB particles significantly increased soil water retention and reduced total nitrogen leaching by more than 50% relative to the fertilizer-only treatment. Although unfertilized RHB treatments promoted greater microbial functional diversity, the combined application of small RHB particles and fertilizer effectively enhanced soil physical properties and nutrient availability, resulting in improved nutrient uptake and biomass production of Brassica alboglabra. Overall, the findings suggest that optimizing RHB particle size may serve as an effective approach to improve nutrient management and mitigate nitrogen loss in sandy loam soils.

100. 题目: An Integrated Multi‐Source Factor Screening Strategy for Unraveling Response Mechanisms of Organic Matter Variability in the Coastal Saline Soil of China
文章编号: N26060411
期刊: Land Degradation & Development
作者: Bingjie Han, Xin Li, Yujing Lei, Jiazheng Li, Miao Lu, Yingqiang Song
更新时间: 2026-06-04
摘要: Accurately interpreting the response mechanisms of soil organic matter (SOM) with the assistance of environmental factors is crucial for promoting high‐quality agricultural development in coastal saline‐alkali land and maintaining ecosystem stability. However, a single screening method is often insufficient to comprehensively characterize the integrated effects of multiple complex environmental gradients on SOM. Here, we proposed an integrated screening strategy combining stepwise regression (SR), Pearson correlation (PC), analysis of variance (ANOVA), geodetector (GD), and random forest (RF). This strategy aimed to achieve high‐accuracy SOM prediction and systematically interpret its response mechanisms. The results showed that although the factor datasets obtained by different single methods differed significantly, they consistently identified climatic factors (CLI), SOIL, and vegetation factors as key elements. These factors also showed highly similar numerical change trends to SOM. The distribution characteristics of the C/N ratio (mean = 9.24, CV = 0.27) indicated that the carbon–nitrogen system was generally coupled under salinity stress, while carbon and nitrogen showed asynchronous responses at the process level. Compared with five single methods, the integrated screening strategy combined with the TPE‐XGB model demonstrated the best performance for estimating SOM content ( R 2 = 0.83, RMSE = 0.16 g kg −1 , RPD = 2.13). The SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis revealed that the selected SOIL and CLI showed strong driving effects on SOM (MSV > 85%). The variation partitioning (VP) and hierarchical partitioning (HP) further showed that the synergistic effect of climate and soil properties had a significant response to SOM variation. In summary, the integrated multi‐source factor screening strategy can accurately interpret the response mechanisms of SOM variation and is highly feasible, providing strong support for regional smart agriculture development and ecological restoration of saline‐alkali land.