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101. 题目: Electro-activation of peroxymonosulfate by novel Co3O4/ sludge biochar cathode for sulfamethoxazole removal: cobalt-mediated synergistic effect and mechanism
文章编号: N25050107
期刊: Environmental Research
作者: Huilin Wan, Ruotong Jin, Zhifu Tian, Xiaojie Qiu, Siyuan Zhai, Jiaojiao Niu, Shengjiong Yang, Yingxin Zhao
更新时间: 2025-05-01
摘要: Sludge biochar (SBC) has emerged as a value-added solid waste-derived catalyst for peroxymonosulfate-based advanced oxidation processes (PMS-AOPs). This study developed a cobalt oxide-modified SBC composite electrode supported on nickel foam (Co/SBC@NF), establishing an electro-enhanced Co/SBC@NF-PMS system (E-Co/SBC@NF-PMS) for efficient sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation. The integrated system synergistically combined electrochemical activation with heterogeneous catalysis to optimize PMS utilization. Under relatively low PMS concentration (0.15 mM) and current density (5 mA/cm²), the E-Co/SBC@NF-PMS system demonstrated enhanced degradation efficiency (k_obs=0.0870 min^-1), exhibiting a 4.7-fold and 9.3-fold improvement over the Co/SBC@NF-PMS (k_obs=0.0186 min^-1) and E-Co/SBC@NF (k_obs=0.0094 min^-1) systems, respectively, and the synergistic coefficient was 3.11. Reactive species quenching tests and density functional theory calculations revealed that electrochemical, radical, and non-radical oxidation were the combined attack mechanisms for SMX removal. Cobalt species served as dual-functional mediators, facilitating both electrochemical redox cycling for radical generation and the content of C=O on the SBC surface formation for non-radical processes of PMS activation. This study promoted the resource utilization of sludge and provided a novel strategy for aquatic ecosystem remediation by synergistically enhancing PMS activation.

102. 题目: Fluorescence-Based Indicators of Escherichia coli and Untreated Wastewater: Turbidity Correction and Comparison of In Situ and Benchtop Fluorometers in a Sewage-Polluted Urban River
文章编号: N25050106
期刊: ACS ES&T Water
作者: Trent Biggs, Natalie Mladenov, Stephany Garcia, Yongping Yuan, Daniel Sousa, Alexandra Grant, Elise Piazza, Trinity Magdalena-Weary, Callie Summerlin, Doug Liden
更新时间: 2025-05-01
摘要: Fluorescence-based sensors of tryptophan (TRP) and chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) can provide real-time information on water quality. We 1) evaluate the accuracy of benchtop (Aqualog) and in situ (Manta) fluorometers for estimating percent untreated wastewater (pctWW) in laboratory experiments; 2) propose a correction for turbidity; 3) test for correlations between TRP or CDOM and Escherichia coli (E. coli) concentrations in river water samples; and 4) quantify the impact of stormflow on wastewater discharge and bacteria in the Tijuana River. In laboratory experiments, Aqualog TRP correlated closely with pctWW (R² > 0.98), while Manta TRP increased with pctWW up to 20–50% but then decreased thereafter. In river water samples, Aqualog TRP and CDOM had stronger correlations with E. coli concentrations than did Manta TRP, which correlates with E. coli but the relationship varies by event. Wastewater flow (m³ s^–1) increased during storm events, but much less than total storm discharge, so the percent wastewater decreased during storms. Benchtop fluorometers provide reliable estimates of wastewater percentage and bacteria concentrations, while in situ fluorometers indicate wastewater and bacteria presence, but may not provide reliable estimates in highly polluted waters or stormflow without further correction of turbidity, inner filter effects, and variations among storm events.

103. 题目: Kinetics of Organic Matter Removal in Olive Mill Wastewater and Cheese Whey Effluent Using Microfiltration Membrane
文章编号: N25050105
期刊: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution
作者: Ezgi Oktav Akdemir, Sevgi Tokgöz Güneş
更新时间: 2025-05-01
摘要:

In this study, a laboratory-scale microfiltration membrane system was operated with olive oil industry wastewater (OMW) and cheese whey effluent (CWE) with chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations of 54 and 65.6 g/L at flow rates (Q) of 100, 150, and 200 L/h, pressures of 1 and 2 bar, filtration times considered as four different hydraulic retention time (θ) of 30, 60, 90, and 120 min, respectively. COD removal efficiencies decreased with decreasing θ from 120 to 30 min and increasing pressure. Considering all experimental results, COD removal efficiencies at 1 and 2 bar pressure were calculated at 40.6%-52.3% and 38.9%-48.0% for OMW and 20.7%-30.8% and 13.8%-29.1% for CWM, respectively. In this study, mathematical models such as first-order kinetics, Grau second-order, and Modified Stover-Kincannon models were applied to determine the organic matter removal kinetics of the microfiltration membrane system. The model’s kinetic parameters were determined by linear regression using the experimental data. The predicted effluent COD concentrations were calculated using the kinetic constants. Grau second-order and Modified Stover-Kincannon models were found to be more consistent with the observed data. According to Grau second-order model results, k_2(s), a and b values were calculated in the range of 4.03–5.44 1/min, 1.81–2.20 and 9.93–13.39 for OMW and 0.48- 2.351/min, 3.05–3.36 and 27.90–137.23 for CWE, respectively. For the modified Stover-Kincannon model, U_max and K_B values were calculated in the range of 4.034–5.438 g/L.min and 7.921–11.468 g/L.min for OMW and 0.478–2.351 g/L.min and 1.554–7.904 g/L.min for CWE, respectively. The estimated effluent COD concentrations were calculated using kinetic constants. Moreover, the correlation coefficient (R²) obtained for the experimental and predicted effluent COD concentration was above 0.96 for both wastewaters also confirming the suitability of the kinetic models and showing that the models can be used in the kinetics of organic matter removal in microfiltration membrane system design, thus predicting the behavior of the membrane for treating olive oil industry wastewater and cheese whey effluent. The experimental results obtained in this study are expected to be used as a reference for determining organic matter removal kinetics in membrane systems.

104. 题目: Iron (Hydr)oxide-Enriched Biochar for Arsenic Immobilization Under Microbial Iron Reduction and Fluctuating Redox Conditions
文章编号: N25050104
期刊: ACS ES&T Engineering
作者: Yihao Wang, Jianying Shang
更新时间: 2025-05-01
摘要: Iron (hydr)oxide-enriched biochar (IEB) is a material with significant environmental applications, demonstrating considerable potential in soil remediation, pollutant immobilization, greenhouse gas emissions, and carbon sequestration. However, the stability of arsenic (As) immobilized by IEBs with different crystalline structures under redox fluctuations, as well as the role of dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria (DIRB) in mediating the biotransformation of iron (hydr)oxides within IEBs and subsequent As retention, remain poorly understood. This study investigated the effects and mechanisms of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 (MR-1) on As retention in ferrihydrite- and goethite-enriched biochar (FB and GB) during anaerobic and aerobic transitions and evaluated the passivation capabilities of the IEB in real flooding-drying As-contaminated soils. The results from batch experiments revealed that MR-1 did not significantly affect As retention in crystalline GB. However, during the 9 days anaerobic–aerobic cultivation period, MR-1 colonization of FBs increased ferrihydrite reduction and biotransformation, increasing electrostatic repulsion and leading to a 27.2–88.2% increase in dissolved As compared with the sterile control. Compared with the control, both FB and GB effectively reduced the amount of water-soluble As by 44.8% and 51.0%, respectively, after 100 days of flooding–drying incubation. The more stable passivation effect of GB also mitigated the adverse effects of As on pak-choi seed germination and growth. These findings provide valuable insights into how DIRB influences As retention in IEBs, highlighting the potential of crystalline IEBs as environmentally friendly and effective materials for passivating As in soils experiencing alternating flooding and drying conditions.

105. 题目: Magnetic biochar aluminum cross-linked composite beads for preferential phosphate separation from phosphate-rich effluents
文章编号: N25050103
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Rubaba Mohammadi, Ghada Eshaq, Mari K H Winkler, Arto Pihlajamäki
更新时间: 2025-05-01
摘要: This study explores the development of magnetite-biochar-alginate beads cross-linked with aluminum chloride (MBA/AlCl₃) for enhancing phosphate removal and recovery from a wide range of wastewater with easy separation properties. This study investigates how metallic Ca²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Al³⁺ cross-linkers influence the gelation mechanism and phosphate removal efficiency. Among these, biochar-alginate beads cross-linked with Al³⁺ exhibited the best phosphate adsorption capability. Multilayer gelation within the three-dimensional covalent bonding structure was assumed for the Al³⁺ cross-linking. The phosphate adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics (R² = 0.99) and the Langmuir isotherm (R² > 0.99), with the adsorption capacities increasing from 56 mg/g at 298 K to 74 mg/g at 318 K, indicating temperature-enhanced chemisorption. Phosphate adsorption was pH-dependent, with an optimal pH of 3 (100% removal in 6 h), decreasing to 51% at pH 9 owing to reduced protonation. Wet beads outperformed oven-dried beads due to enhanced diffusion and greater accessibility of active sites. Competitive anions such as Cl⁻, NO₃⁻, and SO₄^2- showed minimal interference, maintaining 85% removal efficiency in both single- and multi-component solutions. The beads retained 97% of their efficiency after regeneration with a 3% W/V AlCl₃ solution during the second cycle, while magnetic properties (25.9 emu/g) enabled easy separation. Phosphate removal is associated with electrostatic attraction, complexation, ion exchange, and ligand exchange. In real wastewater applications, MBA/AlCl₃ beads achieved complete phosphate removal from activated sludge and anaerobic membrane bioreactor effluents (20-40 mg/L PO₄^3-), and 86% removal from electrodialysis concentrates (84 mg/L PO₄^3-).

106. 题目: Organic matter removal mitigates crystallization inhibition to enhance co-recovery of potassium and phosphorus from wastewater
文章编号: N25050102
期刊: Environmental Research
作者: Jing Yang, Li Chen, Liqiong Yang, Xinru Jiang, Liangwei Deng, Xiaoyu Tang, Wenguo Wang
更新时间: 2025-05-01
摘要: Magnesium potassium phosphate (MPP) hexahydrate crystallization is a promising approach for the simultaneous recovery of potassium and phosphorus. However, organic matter in the wastewater affects the formation of crystals, which reduces the recovery efficiency. This study constructed the optimal conditions for the formation of MPP crystals, on the basis of which the mechanism of the effect of different types of organic matter on crystallization. The results showed that the using MgCl₂ as the magnesium source, potassium and phosphorus recovery efficiencies reached 98.05% and 99.40%, respectively, under the following conditions: pH 10, rotation speed of 500 rpm, Mg:K:P molar ratio of 2:1:2, and seed dosage of 5 g/L. Under these conditions, all three organics had an effect on crystallization, with the order of inhibition being sodium alginate>bovine serum albumin>humic acid. Characterization analysis revealed that these organic compounds formed hydrogen bonds with functional groups or complexes with Mg²⁺ on the crystal surface, hindering crystal growth and modifying crystal morphology. Finally, when liquid digestate was used as the influent for crystallization reaction, removal of organic pollutants led to significant increase in the potassium recovery efficiency.

107. 题目: Role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on biochar enhanced chromium phytoremediation in the soil–plant system: Exploration on detoxification mechanism
文章编号: N25050101
期刊: Environment International
作者: Xiaohui Jia, Baiyu Zhang, Yonghe Han, Jiunian Guan, Hongjie Gao, Ping Guo
更新时间: 2025-05-01
摘要: Biochar, as an amendment to enhance phytoremediation of heavy metal contamination, can mediate reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. However, the role of biochar-mediated ROS (BMR) during soil–plant phytoremediation remains inadequately understood. In this study, a combination of pot experiments, chemical extraction, and partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) was employed to investigate BMR dynamics and their influence on chromium (Cr) accumulation and detoxification in plants. Biochar addition promoted Cr removal efficiency and decreased ROS concentrations in soil, notably reaching the largest removal efficiency of 80.60 % and the lowest ROS concentration of 37.53 μmol/kg in BC-3 group at 90d. Decreased ROS concentrations in soil facilitated the plant absorbing water-soluble Cr (VI), adsorbed Cr (VI), and chromate-precipitated Cr (VI) in soil, and enhanced Cr accumulation in metabolically inactive compartments (cell walls and vacuoles). When biochar was added at concentrations of 2 % and 3 % (w/w), ROS concentrations in plant tissues decreased to signaling molecule thresholds. This reduction further stimulated antioxidant enzyme activity, promoted the reduction of Cr (VI) within subcellular organelles, and enhanced Cr cell wall fixation and vacuolar compartmentation, ultimately achieving their synergistic integration with Cr detoxification with accumulation. This study provides an in-depth understanding of BMR-related mechanisms during phytoremediation and valuable insights into strategies for enhancing mitigation of variable valence heavy metals in soils.

108. 题目: Spatial and Temporal Variations in Aquatic Organic Matter Composition in UK Surface Waters
文章编号: N25043015
期刊: ACS ES&T Water
作者: Catherine S Moody, Nicholle G A Bell, C Logan Mackay, Ezra Kitson
更新时间: 2025-04-30
摘要: Drinking water is becoming more difficult to treat, especially in the UK, due to the changing concentration and composition of aquatic dissolved organic matter (DOM). The spatial and temporal variations in the DOM composition are not well understood. This study investigated how DOM composition varies along a north/south gradient in the UK, over four years, and between headwaters and reservoirs. There were trends in DOM composition metrics from north to south; carbohydrate and peptide-like compounds were lower in northern sites, while lipid-like compounds were lower further south, suggesting different sources of DOM in north/south catchments. DOM collected in Autumn 2021, after a Summer of low rainfall, was more aromatic, less oxidized, and more diverse than DOM collected in 2018–2020. Decreased lipid content and increased oxy-aromatic content occurred in Autumn, at the end of the plant growing season, when increased rainfall rewets catchments and mobilizes soil OM into surface waters. These seasonal changes in DOM composition coincide with increased DOM concentrations in raw drinking water, leading to more challenges for drinking water treatment, especially as climate change alters rainfall distribution in the UK.

109. 题目: Removal of Nickel-Citrate by KOH-Modified Arundo donax L. Biochar: Critical Role of Persistent Free Radicals
文章编号: N25043014
期刊: Water Research
作者: Wei Liu, Xiaomin Li, Xiaolong Yang, Zhenglin Chen, Shu Liu, Wenhong Fan
更新时间: 2025-04-30
摘要: Removal of heavy metal complexes (HMCs) from wastewater poses significant challenges to waste water treatment due to the inherent stability of these compounds. In this study, KOH modified Arundo donax L. leaves biochar was developed, which demonstrated a remarkable capacity for nickel-citrate (Ni-Cit) removal. The results found that the modified biochar with a KOH-to-biomass ratio of 1:1 (1KBC) showed over 500-fold increase in specific surface area compared to the original biochar, along with enhanced surface functional groups and persistent free radicals (PFRs). 99.2 % of nickel was removed from 50 mg/L Ni-Cit with 1 g/L of 1KBC in 4 h. It also demonstrated exceptional potential in continuous treatment. LC-MS, EPR analysis, and DFT calculations revealed that the PFRs on the biochar surface played critical role for the Ni-Cit removal. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) initiated by PFRs, especially O₂•⁻, targeted the Ni-O coordination bonds, resulting in the decomplexation of Ni-Cit, while •OH and ¹O₂ facilitate the decarboxylation of the citrate ligand. The released Ni was then adsorbed onto the biochar. It indicated that the 1KBC removed Ni-Cit in one-step process with combined oxidation and adsorption. This research offers a promising technique for the efficient decomplexation and recovery of HMCs.

110. 题目: Partial substitution of rice straw with biochar alters soil microbial biomass phosphorus and turnover by regulating carbon:phosphorus stoichiometry
文章编号: N25043013
期刊: Journal of Environmental Management
作者: Shuai Ding, Junhui Yin, Qimei Lin, Qing Chen, Zhongzhen Liu
更新时间: 2025-04-30
摘要: Microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP) and its turnover play a crucial role in crop phosphorus (P) nutrition. However, the response of MBP to organic amendments, especially under the combined application of biochar and straw in Oxisols remains poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of substituting rice straw with different biochar proportions (0 %, 10 %, 30 %, and 50 %) on soil CO2 emissions, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and MBP content, their turnover parameters and carbon:phosphorus (C:P) stoichiometry during a 60-day incubation. The results showed that 10 % biochar substitution did not alter MBP content but decreased MBP flux and turnover rate, consequently prolonging turnover time. In contrast, higher biochar substitution rates (30 % and 50 %) increased MBP content by 7.37 % and 5.71 %, respectively, and gradually recovered MBP turnover. Notably, these higher biochar ratios also significantly decreased dissolved C:P and microbial C:P ratios, exacerbating C:P stoichiometric imbalance. The partial least squares path model (PLS-PM) indicated the MBC:MBP ratio as the primary driver of microbial P immobilization and turnover, demonstrating a positive correlation with CO2 emission rates. These results imply that strategic substitution of straw with biochar can increase potential soil P supply by enlarging MBP pools and accelerating MBP turnover, thereby improving crop P utilization efficiency.

111. 题目: Allochthonous Organic Carbon Stored in Blue Carbon Ecosystems Can Be Additional and Provide Genuine Climate Mitigation
文章编号: N25043012
期刊: Global Change Biology
作者: Alex Houston, Hilary Kennedy, William E N Austin
更新时间: 2025-04-30
摘要: Blue carbon ecosystem restoration (and avoided conversion) are important natural climate solutions. Blue carbon ecosystems accumulate carbon through in situ photosynthesising vegetation (autochthonous) and deposition of sediments during tidal inundation (allochthonous). We debate the treatment of allochthonous carbon (which was not taken out of the atmosphere by the blue carbon ecosystem) in blue carbon projects.

112. 题目: Photocatalytic degradation of sulfonamide and fluoroquinolone antibiotics by Fe-N-co-doped biochar/carbon quantum dots p-n heterojunction materials
文章编号: N25043011
期刊: Separation and Purification Technology
作者: Jingru Zhang, Guangxin Yang, Junyu Zhang, Cong Kong, Jun Wang
更新时间: 2025-04-30
摘要: The misuse of sulfonamide and fluoroquinolone antibiotics leads to pollution of the water environment, necessitating the development of cost-effective and efficient degradation methods. This article presents a one-step hydrothermal method (200℃, 8 h) for the preparation of Fe-N-co-doped biochar/carbon quantum dots (Fe/N/BC/CQDs) as a photocatalytic material. The Fe/N/BC/CQDs was employed for the activation of H₂O and O₂, facilitating the degradation of sulfonamide and fluoroquinolone antibiotics, with superoxide radicals, photo-generated holes, hydroxyl radicals, and singlet oxygen dominated the photodegradation process. Under 1 h dark and 8 h natural light conditions, the degradation efficiency of norfloxacin, sulfathiazole, sulfamethoxazole, sulfamonomethoxine, sulfadoxin, sulfamethazine (10 mg/L) by Fe/N/BC/CQDs ranged from 74.21 % to 89.23 %. The potential degradation pathways of sulfonamide and fluoroquinolone antibiotics were proposed based on ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis of the intermediates. The Fe-N-doped biochar’s hierarchical pore structure enhances synergistic adsorption-catalysis effects, while the incorporated carbon quantum dots (CQDs) broaden solar spectrum utilization, effectively overcoming the high-intensity light dependency common to conventional photocatalysts. Efficient charge separation was achieved through the formation of a p-n heterojunction between Fe-N-co-doped biochar and CQDs. Additionally, the applicability of Fe/N/BC/CQDs in real water systems was confirmed, providing valuable insights for the construction of p-n heterojunction structures to degrade organic pollutants in water.

113. 题目: Efficient Remediation of Cr(VI) in Soil by Polypyrrole Modified Corn-Stover Biochar
文章编号: N25043010
期刊: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution
作者: Yiping Guo, Weijie Feng, Qianqian Zhang, Wanfei Shao, Xiangkai Tao, Weigao Zhao, Sang-Hyoun Kim, K C Surendra, Samir Kumar Khanal
更新时间: 2025-04-30
摘要:

Chromium pollution is a pervasive concern that demands an efficient treatment solution. The authors employed polypyrrole (PPy) modified corn stover biochar (CSB) to remediate Cr(VI)-contaminated soil. PPy-CSB significantly lowered the leachability of Cr(VI) according to the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) in the soil below 3 mg/kg within 50 days, from the initial values ranging from 200 to 1000 mg/kg. In eluviation experiments, soil treated with PPy-CSB exhibited a Cr(VI) release rate of 59.0%, which was substantially lower than the 84.3% from control soil and 81.8% from CSB-treated soil. Analysis of soil characteristics demonstrated that PPy-CSB effectively reduced Cr(VI) to the less toxic Cr(III) by the action of major functional groups (in order of activity): -C–OH, = N-, -NH-, and N–O-C, which were oxidized to C = O, C-O, NH³⁺, C–C/C-H and -C–O–C-. In conclusion, the findings present PPy-CSB as a cost-effective and efficient solution for remediating Cr(VI) contaminated soil.

Graphical

114. 题目: Chemical stress assessment in large rivers using the average biomarker response approach with caged fish in situ: a case study on the Danube River in Novi Sad (Serbia)
文章编号: N25043009
期刊: Environmental Sciences Europe
作者: Dina Tenji, Sonja Kaišarević, Bojana Mićić, Mirna Velki, Tobias Schulze, Martin Krauss, Muhammad Arslan Kamal Hashmi, Werner Brack, Ivana Teodorović
更新时间: 2025-04-30
摘要:

Background

Exposure assessment of aquatic biota to complex chemical mixtures from anthropogenic sources and evaluating potential impacts are crucial for mitigating toxic pressure and improving ecological status. The study focused on a section of the Danube River impacted by untreated municipal wastewater from the city of Novi Sad, Serbia, as well as partly treated industrial effluents and agricultural runoffs. This research aimed to implement average biomarker response (ABR) approach and use it as one of the multiple lines of evidence (LOE) to assess the ecological impact of pollution in complex scenarios, such as those in large rivers with multiple stressors.

Results

Cage-exposed specimens of native fish species, Cyprinus carpio, were analyzed for a wide range of biomarkers. Biomarker responses from caged fish were integrated with the biomarker responses of fish from wild populations of Abramis brama into an ABR value and interpreted using supporting evidence such as chemical analyses, effect-based methods and biomonitoring. Higher ABR values at pollution-impacted sites confirmed the presence of chronic toxic pressure caused by mixtures of chemicals at sublethal concentrations. Certain groups of biomarkers, such as those indicating neurotoxic effects, pointed to specific types of pollution confirmed by chemical analyses. Combined with other lines of evidence, ABR provided biologically plausible evidence of ecological impact of pollution at this hot spot and proved that pollution originating from the urban zone of the city of Novi Sad represents a significant pressure on the Danube ecosystem.

Conclusions

The integrated approach effectively assesses complex exposure scenarios in large rivers, evaluating pollution impact and underscoring the chronic toxic stress from anthropogenic sources. The assessment of biomarker responses in situ, whether based on caging experiments or sentinel biota, requires a comprehensive range of biomarkers and is overly resource-intensive for regular monitoring. Still, ecological relevance of the results justifies the efforts when the ecological impact of pollution needs to be assessed. ABR copes with high sample variability typical for in situ experiments, enables integration of inconsistent biomarker response patterns and facilitates the interpretation of the results and potentially wider acceptance of in situ tools in decision-making.

115. 题目: Mowing enhances the contribution of glomalin over amino sugars to soil organic carbon pool following nitrogen cessation in temperate grasslands
文章编号: N25043008
期刊: Plant and Soil
作者: Yanxia Ma, Huanhuan Cheng, Qiushi Ning, Tianran Sun
更新时间: 2025-04-30
摘要:

Aims

Glomalin-related soil proteins (GRSP) and amino sugars are key components of soil organic carbon (SOC) and are significantly influenced by nitrogen (N) enrichment. Many regions worldwide are experiencing N deposition cessation due to greenhouse gas emission policies. As a global grassland management practice, mowing impacts soil carbon (C) and nutrient cycling. The effects of N cessation and mowing on GRSP, amino sugars, and their contributions to SOC remain unclear.

Methods

We investigated the individual and interactive effects of a long-term field experiment involving N cessation and mowing treatments on GRSP and amino sugars and their relative contributions to SOC in a temperate grassland.

Results

Both GRSP and amino sugars, along with their relative contributions to SOC, decreased with increasing historical N addition rates and without mowing. This was attributed to persistent effects of historical N addition on soil microbial biomass and acidification, which suppressed GRSP and amino sugars. However, as indicated by the resource stoichiometry and extracellular enzyme activity, N cessation and mowing interactively induced stronger nutrient limitation, exerting diverged effects on GRSP and amino sugars. Specifically, nutrient limitation increased GRSP by 24.15%, while amino sugars increased by 3.57%, altering their relative contributions to SOC.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that GRSP is relatively more stable and contributes more to SOC than amino sugars after N cessation, especially under mowing. This study enhances understanding of soil C dynamics in grasslands after N cessation. Results provide a decision-making basis for the adaptive management of grassland ecosystems under the “dual C” strategy goals.

116. 题目: Insight into Seasonal Dynamics of DOM and Analysis of Various Factors Influencing Microbial Communities from Typical Water Bodies: Based on Gray Influence Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling
文章编号: N25043007
期刊: ACS ES&T Water
作者: Feng Yang, Junwen Hou, Qingqian Li, Lei Nie, Huibin Yu, Yonghui Song
更新时间: 2025-04-30
摘要: This study investigates seasonal dynamics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and their impacts on microbial communities across five aquatic environments in the Liaohe River Basin, China. Spatial-temporal variations in DOM composition and bacterioplankton community structures were evaluated using excitation–emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy, parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, gray influence analysis (GINA), and structural equation modeling (SEM). Principal component analysis revealed pronounced seasonal variations of DOM in urban rivers and estuaries, whereas DOM dynamics in lakes were primarily driven by precipitation. Reservoir DOM showed significant fluctuations aligned with summer floods. GINA identified eutrophication-related DOM component C5 as the primary factor influencing microbial communities in lakes and reservoirs, while industrially derived DOM component C6 markedly affected bacterioplankton in river environments. SEM further quantified these influences, highlighting temperature and industrial inputs as critical drivers. These findings provide crucial insights into DOM-microbial interactions, emphasizing adaptive water management strategies tailored to distinct DOM sources and seasonal conditions to preserve ecological health and water quality in complex catchments.

117. 题目: Unlocking Oxidative Potential of Ferrate (VI): Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron Loaded Sludge Biochar Mediated Nonradical Sulfonamides Degradation via Valence Conversion
文章编号: N25043006
期刊: ACS ES&T Water
作者: Zhikang Deng, Yongfei Ma, Jinyao Zhu, Chenyu Zeng, Yifan Liu, Zulin Zhang
更新时间: 2025-04-30
摘要: The novel mechanism of intramolecular redox equilibration between nanoscale zerovalent iron (n-ZVI) and ferrate (VI) [Fe (VI)] facilitates the formation of highly reactive intermediate-valence metal species. In this study, sludge biochar (SBC) was used as a carrier to form n-ZVI@SBC, which significantly improved the activation of Fe (VI). Comprehensive characterizations confirmed the successful loading of n-ZVI onto SBC via liquid-phase reduction. The optimized Fe (VI)/n-ZVI@SBC system achieved high removal efficiency for sulfamethoxazole (SMX) (91.30%) and broad-spectrum degradation of sulfonamides (SAs) (67.48–99.60%) within 3 min. However, the system showed limited tolerance to high concentrations of HCO₃^–, CO₃^2–, and humic acid due to hydrolysis and competitive effects. Mechanistic studies revealed that high-valent iron species [Fe (V)/Fe (IV)] dominated the degradation process, with electron transfer also playing a role. The –OH groups and n-ZVI loading sites were identified as key regions for adsorption and activation. This system demonstrated robust performance in natural water matrices and enhanced flocculation through Fe (VI) decomposition products. Cyclic and fixed-bed experiments confirmed its reliability and sustainability. This study presents an innovative strategy to enhance Fe (VI) oxidation properties, offering a promising solution for remediation of antibiotic-contaminated waters.

118. 题目: Spatial predictive modeling of soil organic carbon stocks in Norwegian forests
文章编号: N25043005
期刊: Science of the Total Environment
作者: Andreas Hagenbo, Lise Dalsgaard, Marius Hauglin, Stephanie Eisner, Line Tau Strand, O Janne Kjønaas
更新时间: 2025-04-30
摘要: Boreal forest soils are a critical terrestrial carbon (C) reservoir, with soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks playing a key role in global C cycling. In this study, we generated high-resolution (16 m) spatial predictions of SOC stocks in Norwegian forests for three depth intervals: (1) soil surface down to 100 cm depth, (2) forest floor (LFH layer), and (3) 0–30 cm into the mineral soil.Our predictions were based on legacy soil data collected between 1988 and 1992 from a subset (n = 1014) of National Forest Inventory plots. We used boosted regression tree models to generate SOC estimates, incorporating environmental predictors such as land cover, site moisture, climate, and remote sensing data. Based on the resulting maps, we estimate total SOC stocks of 1.57–1.87 Pg C down to 100 cm, with 0.55–0.66 Pg C stored in the LFH layer and 0.68–0.80 Pg C in the upper mineral soil. These correspond to average SOC densities of 15.3, 5.4, and 6.6 kg C m⁻², respectively.We compared the predictive performance of these models with another set, supplemented by soil chemistry variables. These models showed higher predictive performance (R² = 0.65–0.71) than those used for mapping (R² = 0.44–0.58), suggesting that the mapping models did not fully capture environmental variability influencing SOC stock distributions. Within the spatial predictive models, Sentinel-2 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, depth to water table, and slope contributed strongly, while soil nitrogen and manganese concentrations had major roles in models incorporating soil chemistry.Prediction uncertainties were related to soil depth, soil types, and geographical regions, and we compared the spatial prediction against external SOC data. The generated maps of this offer a valuable starting point for identifying forest areas in Norway where SOC may be vulnerable to climate warming and management-related disturbances, with implications for soil CO₂ emissions.

119. 题目: Biodegradation sequence of coal organic matter and mechanism of biomethane formation in secondary biogenic gas accumulation areas
文章编号: N25043004
期刊: Organic Geochemistry
作者: Yiliang Hu, Yuan Bao, Jiahao Meng, Dan Li, Ruihui Zheng
更新时间: 2025-04-30
摘要: Laboratory biodegradation experiments of organic matter (OM) in coal provide a theoretical foundation for comprehending the formation of secondary biogenic gas (SBG). However, limited research has been conducted on the microbial degradation extent and sequence of OM degradation experienced by underground coal seams throughout geological history. This study analyzes underground coal samples from the typical SBG accumulation areas in the Ordos Basin to investigate the origin and composition of OM in coal as well as their contributions to SBG formation. The findings indicate that terrigenous input is the primary source of OM in coal in these regions, which has undergone varying degrees of biodegradation. Notably, there are significant differences in the degree of biodegradation between saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons show PM grade 4–5 degradation while aromatics demonstrate PM grade 5–7 degradation. Aromatics display a higher susceptibility to biodegradation compared to saturated hydrocarbons, which differs significantly from crude oil. The degradation susceptibility sequence for saturated hydrocarbons is as follows: n-alkane > sterane > hopane. The biodegradation susceptibility of aromatic hydrocarbons depends on both the number of aromatic rings and alkyl-substituents; those with fewer rings and alkyl-substituents degrade more rapidly. Biodegradation of OM in coal plays a crucial role in SBG generation; however, a high degree of OM biodegradation does not necessarily correlate with greater accumulation of SBG due to other factors such as tectonic fractures and hydrogeological conditions that affect its preservation.

120. 题目: Study on the controlling effect of biochar on heavy metals in the mining-induced subsidence area after gangue reclamation
文章编号: N25043003
期刊: Journal of Environmental Management
作者: Yingshun Li, Yachao Guo, Junmeng Li, Liangchao Duan, Yanli Huang, Shenyang Ouyang, Laiwei Wu, Guiyuan Wang
更新时间: 2025-04-30
摘要: The gangue reclamation materials employed in mining-induced subsidence areas have potential risks of heavy metal pollution to the mining environment. The agricultural waste biochar can be used as an adsorption material to control the migration of heavy metals. Based on the pore size, pore volume, and density of biochar, a microstructure of the heavy metal adsorption layer was randomly generated, and a numerical model for heavy metal migration and adsorption in the mining-induced subsidence area after gangue reclamation was constructed. The influence of adsorption layer thickness and material type on heavy metal migration and adsorption behavior was analyzed. The results show that the ratio of migration speed of heavy metals in the neutral zone, compression zone and tension zone is 12: 3: 38. In the absence of an adsorption layer, heavy metals tend to be more concentrated and migrate downward. The working cycles of the microstructure of cow manure biochar and Pleurotus ostreatus residue biochar are 10 s and 48 s. Under macroscopic conditions, the adsorption efficiency of heavy metals is higher than that under microscopic conditions, but its decreasing amplitude gradually decreases. Under the influence of a macroscopic high heavy metal concentration environment, the porous structure and large surface area of the biochar are fully utilized for adsorption, and the negative charges and functional groups inside are gradually occupied. This research provides a reference for the clean utilization of coal gangue and the ecological rehabilitation of mining areas.