1. 题目: Integrated removal of chromium, lead, and cadmium using nano-zero-valent iron-supported biochar: Mechanistic insights and eco-toxicity assessment 文章编号: N25011409 期刊: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 作者: Yuzhen Wei, Jialu Yu, Fasih Ullah Haider, Qinhu Zhang, Run Chu, Cai Liqun 更新时间: 2025-01-14 摘要: The contamination of water and soil by heavy metals (HMs) is a global issue that should be given much more concern. Modified nano-zero-valent iron (nZVI) composites offer an effective strategy for HMs remediation, but few studies have focused on removing coexisting HMs and the eco-toxicity of the composite. In this study, corn straw biochar-supported nZVI composites (nZVI-BC) were synthesized, characterized and used for the removal of Cr6 +, Pb2+, and Cd2+ in single and multi-system at different composites dosages, metal concentrations, and solution pH. This study indicated that the composites exhibited enhanced removal capacities for Cr6+, Pb2+, and Cd2+ (respectively 82.24, 737.2, and 545.28 mg g−1), which were considerably superior to those observed with the sole application of biochar (0.05, 89.88, and 108.49 mg g−1) and nZVI (39.8, 297.35, and 191.02 mg g−1). Results of the remediation application of the composites to multi-metal systems revealed that intricate interplay existed between coexisting HMs, which hindered the simultaneous removal effect. The coexistence of Cr6+ and Cd2+ decreased both removal efficiencies by 58.16 % and 14.06 % at high Cr6+ levels, respectively, while the coexistence of Cd2+ and Pb2+ resulted in a decrease in Cd2+ removal efficiency by 14.3 %. An in-depth characterization of the underlying adsorption mechanism was performed by using kinetic and isotherms models such as Pseudo-first-order, Pseudo-second-order, Langmuir and Freundlich, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Each HM exhibited a distinct adsorption mechanism. The primary removal processes for Cr6+ and Pb2+ involved adsorption, reduction, and precipitation, whereas Cd2+ was mainly removed by adsorption and precipitation. Eco-toxicity experiments revealed that nZVI-BC enhanced pak choi (Brassica rapa L.) seeds germination (13.32, 17.22, and 23.33 %) and vigor indexes (1.22, 1.44, and 1.15) under Cr6+, Pb2+, and Cd2+ contamination, respectively. Nevertheless, an observed shift in toxicity occurred when the composites dosage for Cr6+, Pb2+, and Cd2+ exceeded 2, 4, and 4 g L−1, respectively, thereby instigating adverse effects on the early stages of plant growth. This work elucidates the removal mechanism and intricate reactions between co-existing HMs, highlighting the potential of nZVI-BC as a remediation strategy for HMs contamination.
2. 题目: Oxidative degradation of sulfamethazine by manganese oxide supported biochar activated periodate: Effect and mechanism 文章编号: N25011408 期刊: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 作者: Shuheng Hu, Hao Lu, Wenyi Xie, Shaohua Cao, Jiaqi Shi, Yang Guo, Xin Zhu, Zimu Xu, Han Gao 更新时间: 2025-01-14 摘要: In this study, manganese oxide supported biochar (MBC) was used as a catalyst of periodate (PI) for the oxidative degradation of sulfonamide antibiotic sulfamethazine (SMZ). The degradation rate of 10 mg/L SMZ reached 99 % in 60 min in the MBC/PI system, and the optimal condition was pH 3.5, 0.12 g/L of MBC, and 0.17 mM of PI. Combined with quenching experiment and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) characterization, it was determined that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) participating in the reaction include iodate radical (IO3∙), singlet oxygen (1O2), and hydroxyl radical (∙OH). ROS, Mn(III) and electron transfer are three crucial SMZ removal mechanisms in MBC activated PI system, and the conversion process of reactive species was deduced. The manganese redox cycles, oxygen-containing functional groups on MBC surface, and BC-O-Mn(II) complex participated in reactive species production. The loading of manganese oxide increases the number of oxygen-containing functional group on the surface of BC, and BC-O-Mn(II) complex formation resulted in the higher catalytic activity compared with BC. Ten SMZ oxidative products and four transformation pathways was identified. This study provided an efficient and practical method to remove sulfonamide antibiotics and revealed its theoretical mechanism.
3. 题目: Organic matter evolution and microbial activity in a vineyard soil after four years of inter-row cover crop management 文章编号: N25011407 期刊: Applied Soil Ecology 作者: Arianna De Bernardi, Enrica Marini, Francesca Tagliabue, Gianluca Brunetti, Cristiano Casucci, Überson Boaretto Rossa, Oriana Silvestroni, Costantino Vischetti 更新时间: 2025-01-14 摘要: Conservation agriculture approaches are rarely applied to viticulture in central Italy due to some research gaps persisting in this sector that somehow reflect ineffective extension programs and activities. This work analysed the effects on soil health and fertility of two inter-row vineyard management strategies carried out for 4 consecutive years: an annual legume cover crop of Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) and a permanent meadow with spontaneous species. The inter-rows of the two tested strategies were compared with an adjacent uncultivated soil that had been left untilled for 20 years (control soil). The short-term (4 years) impacts of these techniques on the different soil organic carbon forms and on the soil microbial activity were measured at two soil depths (0–20 cm and 20–40 cm). Soil analyses included total and extractable organic carbon, humic and fulvic acids, microbial biomass carbon, respiration and some enzyme tests. The final aim was to evaluate if four years of soil cover could enhance the stabilisation of the soil organic carbon stock and increase the growth and activity of soil microbial biomass.
4. 题目: Spatial variations of organic matter concentration in cultivated land topsoil in North China based on updated soil databases 文章编号: N25011406 期刊: Soil and Tillage Research 作者: Dongheng Yao, Enyi Xie, Ruqian Zhang, Bingbo Gao, Liang Li, Zhenting Zhao, Wencai Zhang, Yubo Liao, Ming Lei, Xiangbin Kong 更新时间: 2025-01-14 摘要: Accurate knowledge of spatial variations in organic matter concentration of cultivated land topsoil (CTSOM) is crucial for the effective use and management of cultivated land. However, this knowledge remains largely uncertain owing to outdated and imprecise soil databases. Therefore, in 2020, this study meticulously collected 918 samples of cultivated land topsoil (0–30 cm) in Hebei Province of North China, and a Random Forest (RF) model was used to delineate the spatial variability of CTSOM. Results indicated the robust performance of the RF model containing 21 predictors, with an R2 of 0.77, and soil total nitrogen (TN) emerging as the most important predictor. The current mean CTSOM level in the study area stood at 16.47 ± 3.94 g kg−1, displaying a spatial pattern with higher CTSOM levels in the western and northern mountainous areas, and lower levels in the eastern plain areas. A comparison with the second national soil survey data revealed that the overall regional level of CTSOM has increased by 4.28 g kg−1 over the last 40 years. However, a significant decline in CTSOM was observed in the northern part of the study area, where straw return and fertilization can be key contributing factors. This study provides updated knowledge on the spatial variations of CTSOM in North China, which is valuable for agricultural ecosystem management worldwide and for carbon accounting in terrestrial ecosystems.
5. 题目: Runoff-associated concentration and composition of dissolved organic carbon in response to varying straw mulching rates on sloping lands 文章编号: N25011405 期刊: Journal of Hydrology 作者: Ke Liang, Luyao Xia, Tianyang Li, Jinyu Liu, Haixiang Zhang, Binghui He 更新时间: 2025-01-14 摘要: Elucidating the composition of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in runoff is critical to understand the migration and biogeochemical cycle of organic carbon from soil to water. Straw mulching is widely applied and significantly alters runoff and soil solutes loss dynamics on sloping lands. Nevertheless, little information is available on the direction and magnitude of the accompanying variations in runoff DOC composition under different straw mulching rates (SMRs) on sloping lands. This study investigated the shifts in DOC concentration and composition in runoff from soil-filled flume with five SMRs [0 (control, CK), 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 kg m−2] under combined conditions of 90 mm h−1 rainfall intensity and 10°, 15°, and 20° slopes. The runoff-related DOC concentration and its composition parameters, including SUVA254 (DOC aromaticity), C:C (abundance of colored humic substance in DOC), and E4:E6 (humification degree of DOC), were analyzed. The results showed that DOC concentrations were significantly higher under the CK and SMRs of 0.2 and 0.4 kg m−2 than that under the SMRs of 0.6 and 0.8 kg m−2 at 10° and 20° slopes, respectively. The absorbance coefficient at 254 and 465 nm under the SMR of 0.4 kg m−2 at 15° slopes were the highest among five SMRs, while the absorbance coefficient at 254, 400 and 465 nm under the CK at 20° slopes were the highest. The SUVA254 and C:C were both the highest under the 0.6 kg m−2 SMR, and followed by the CK at 20° slope, and these variables were almost higher in the mulched slopes than that under the CK at 10° and 15° slopes. Our results indicate that straw mulching potentially increases the concentration and proportions of aromatic and colored humic composition in DOC exported by runoff from sloping lands, which counteracts the known carbon sequestration benefits of straw mulching.
6. 题目: Soil nitrogen deficiency aggravated the aging of biodegradable microplastics in paddy soil under the input of organic substances with contrasting C/N ratios 文章编号: N25011404 期刊: Journal of Hazardous Materials 作者: Junxia Huang, Yidan Liu, Huifang Xie, Xiaobo Liu, Yanfang Feng, Bingyu Wang 更新时间: 2025-01-14 摘要: The application of organic substances to the agricultural field has effectively enhanced soil nutrient levels and crop yields. Biodegradable microplastics (bio-MPs), a pervasive emerging contaminant, may potentially impact the soil ecosystem through their aging process. Here, a 150-day dark incubation experiment was conducted to elucidate the disparities in the aging process of polylactic acid bio-MPs (PLA-MPs) in soils with contrasting C/N ratios of organic substances, as the mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear. The study found that PLA-MPs resulted in an increase in soil pH, nutrient levels, and organic carbon content in soil-straw system. Additionally, PLA-MPs significantly influenced bacterial community composition and microbial metabolic activity in soil-straw system. Notably, more pronounced aging features of PLA-MPs was observed in soil-straw system (lower soil nitrogen environment) compared to soil-fertilizer system (higher soil nitrogen environment). Under lower soil nitrogen conditions, microorganisms may accelerate the aging process of PLA-MPs due to their preference for readily available energy sources; conversely, under higher soil nitrogen conditions, the aging of PLA-MPs may be decelerated as microorganisms preferentially utilize substances with easily accessible energy sources. Our findings provide valuable insights into the interaction between PLA-MPs and soil amended with the organic substances of contrasting C/N ratios.
7. 题目: On-line hydropyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HyPy-GC–MS) for kerogen-bound biomarkers 文章编号: N25011403 期刊: Organic Geochemistry 作者: Fu Wang, Yuhong Liao, Chang Samuel Hsu 更新时间: 2025-01-14 摘要: Flash pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC–MS) is seldom used to release bound biomarkers, because its hydrogen-poor pyrolysis conditions usually result in a low yield of bound biomarkers and high concentrations of olefins. In this study, by using a Py-GC–MS system and immature kerogen/coal samples, we investigated the effects of heating rate (flash versus 30 °C/min), carrier/reaction gas (He versus H2), hydrogen pressure, and catalyst [(NH4)2MoO2S2] on the yields and distributions of bound biomarkers. Also, the bound biomarkers obtained by different pyrolysis conditions were compared with those from catalytic offline hydropyrolysis (HyPy) and free biomarkers from extracted organic matter (EOM). We propose a new technology of hydropyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HyPy-GC–MS) to be used to release bound biomarkers. HyPy-GC–MS using low-pressure H2 at slow heating rate can increase the yield of bound biomarkers by 3–9 times, minimize the cracking of the hopanes side chain, better preserve the original sterane and terpane distributions, and have characteristicsof lower maturity, compared with conventional flash Py-GC–MS without H2. Additionally, the steroidal and terpenoid yields by HyPy-GC–MS using low-pressure H2 at slow heating rate from immature kerogens were 3–6 times that by HyPy. Compared with EOM, biomarker maturity parameter derived from HyPy-GC–MS may not fully represent the actual maturity of samples. Higher hydrogen pressure can significantly facilitate the hydrogenation of unsaturated hydrocarbons into saturated hydrocarbons, but it can also decrease the yields of pyrolysates with higher carbon numbers (i.e., >C25), leading to a change in the biomarker ratios related to carbon numbers (e.g., the proportion of C27-C28-C29 ααα20R steranes and TT23/H30 ratio).
8. 题目: Trends and drivers of dissolved organic carbon in major Arctic rivers 文章编号: N25011402 期刊: Ecological Indicators 作者: Mingxin Song, Jue Huang, Desong Zhao, Yulei Mu 更新时间: 2025-01-14 摘要: Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in Arctic rivers plays an important role in the sea-land carbon cycle. In this study, in situ measured datasets and Landsat images were used to construct an efficient remote sensing retrieval model for DOC in Arctic rivers. After comparing multiple empirical and machine learning models, the random forest (RF) model with best performance was selected. This study investigated the spatiotemporal distribution of DOC in 15 important Arctic rivers during 2000–2023 and analyzed the relationship between DOC and basin characteristic variables such as climate, hydrology, vegetation, soil, and slope. Europe had the highest riverine DOC, followed by Siberia and North America, with average values of 9.22 ± 1.23, 7.85 ± 1.50, and 6.17 ± 0.77 mg/L, respectively. The annual mean DOC concentration exhibited an increasing trend (+0.04 mg/L yr−1), with an average of 7.96 ± 1.64 mg/L. The DOC concentration changed significantly during the different seasons, and the DOC concentration in spring was significantly higher than that in summer. Spatially, riverine DOC concentration is affected by soil texture and slope. In the ice-free period, the driving factors of riverine DOC are runoff, vegetation, snow cover, and permafrost. This study deepens our understanding of the Arctic carbon cycle through a comprehensive analysis of the spatiotemporal changes and driving factors of Arctic riverine DOC.
9. 题目: Multiple Environmental Variables as Covariates to Improve the Accuracy of Spatial Prediction Models for SOM on Karst Aera 文章编号: N25011401 期刊: Land Degradation & Development 作者: Yongcheng Jiang, Fupeng Li, Yufeng Gong, Xiuyuan Yang, Zhenming Zhang 更新时间: 2025-01-14 摘要: Aims accurately predicting the spatial distribution of soil organic matter (SOM) is essential for environmental management and carbon storage estimation. However, the diversity of sources of variables poses a challenge in studying the spatial distribution of SOM. Methods in order to address this issue, we propose leveraging multiple environmental variables and employing machine learning models, specifically Lightweight gradient boosting machine learning (LightGBM) and random forest (RF), for predicting SOM spatial distribution. 128 soil samples were collected from the Caohai National Nature Reserve, and their SOM content was measured. Results the study found that the average SOM content was 36.75 g/kg. Compared to traditional linear regression models such as ordinary kriging (OK), ordinary least squares (OLS), and geographically weighted regression (GWR), the machine learning models based on nonlinear regression, LightGBM and RF, demonstrated higher cross‐validated coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.62 and 0.60, respectively, outperforming the other models. Additionally, RF exhibited lower mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE), indicating higher stability and generalization capability. The spatial distribution of SOM among the models showed consistency, with higher SOM content observed in southern and near‐Caohai Lake regions and lower SOM content in northern and farther regions from Caohai Lake. Results from the Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) model highlighted agricultural land (AL), pH, and Elevation (ELV) as primary covariates influencing SOM spatial distribution. Conclusions this study provides valuable insights and support for environmental management and carbon storage estimation in the karst plateau region.
10. 题目: Source-resolved black carbon and PM2.5 exposures during wildfires and prescribed burns 文章编号: N25011306 期刊: Environmental Pollution 作者: Jordina Gili, Aina Maín, Barend.L. van Drooge, Mar Viana 更新时间: 2025-01-13 摘要: Changes in climate and land-use have significantly increased both the frequency and intensity of wildland fires globally, exacerbating the potential for hazardous impacts on human health. A better understanding of particle exposure concentrations and scenarios is crucial for developing mitigation strategies to reduce the health risks. Here, PM2.5 and black carbon (BC) concentrations were monitored during wildland fires between 2022-2024, in fire-prone areas in Catalonia (NE Spain), by means of personal monitors (AirBeam2 and Micro-aethalometers AE51 and MA200). Results revealed that exposures to combustion aerosols (PM2.5 and BC) were significant and comparable during wildfires and prescribed burns (mean PM2.5 during wildfires = 152 μg/m3 vs. 110-145 μg/m3 for prescribed burns). Overall, BC/PM2.5 ratios showed a large variability as a function of the monitoring scenario, indicating varying contributions from mineral aerosols to the emissions mix originating from fire management and extinction tasks. Specifically, mop-up tasks (final extinction tasks involving stirring top soil using handheld tools) were identified as a significant contributor to PM2.5 exposures, with 1-minute PM2.5 peak concentrations reaching up to 1,190 μg/m3. These results may be especially valuable for emissions modelling. Source apportionment of multi-wavelength BC datasets provided deeper insights into emissions and their impact on exposure profiles: line operators (who control the fire perimeter) were predominantly exposed to biomass burning smoke (61%) when compared to BC from fossil-fuel combustion ( = 39%), while torchers (in charge of initiating technical fires using fossil-fuel drip-torches) were predominantly exposed to (77% vs. 23% ). These findings highlight the value of portable monitors in the assessment of wildfire emissions and impacts on human exposure and environment. The combination of these tools, reporting data in real-time and with high time-resolution, is key to the design and implementation of effective mitigation strategies for environmental and health concerns related to wildland fires.
11. 题目: Differentiated effects and mechanisms of N-, P-, S-, and Fe-modified biochar materials for remediating Cd- and Pb-contaminated calcareous soil. 文章编号: N25011305 期刊: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 作者: Amir Bostani, Xingying Meng, Le Jiao, Srđan D Rončević, Peng Zhang, Hongwen Sun 更新时间: 2025-01-13 摘要: To investigate the remediation effects of various modified biochar materials derived from different impregnation agents on Cd- and Pb-contaminated calcareous soil, nitrogen (N-), phosphorus (P-), sulfur (S-), and iron (Fe-) modified biochar materials (NBC, PBC, SBC, FBC) were fabricated through the impregnation-pyrolysis method and employed to immobilize Pb and Cd in the calcareous soil. The characterization results showed that NBC exhibited an uneven pore size distribution and increased aromaticity, while PBC and SBC had increased pH and ash content. Pot experiments demonstrated significantly different effects of various modified biochar materials on soil immobilization and plant uptake of Cd and Pb. With regard to soil pH, FBC caused a notable decrease in both rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere areas, while the other materials showed an increase. NBC, PBC, and SBC effectively immobilized Cd and Pb in the soil and significantly reduced their accumulation in Chinese cabbage by 34.4 %-58.9 % for Cd and 9.2 %-53.1 % for Pb, with PBC having the best effect, attributed to complexation, precipitation, and adsorption. However, FBC had strong acidity and poor immobilization ability, which increased the available concentrations of Cd and Pb in the soil. Additionally, PBC promoted the growth, enzyme activity, and tolerance to Cd- and Pb-contaminated soil of Chinese cabbage. Overall, NBC and PBC were identified as the most effective modified biochar materials for stabilizing Cd and Pb in the soil, reducing heavy metal uptake by Chinese cabbage, and boosting enzyme activity.
12. 题目: Mangroves increased the mercury methylation potential in the sediment by producing organic matters and altering microbial methylators community 文章编号: N25011304 期刊: Science of the Total Environment 作者: Xiaoxin Chen, Yanwu Zhou, Zhimao Mai, Hao Cheng, Xun Wang 更新时间: 2025-01-13 摘要: Mangrove ecosystem has attracted global attention as a hotspot for mercury (Hg) methylation. Although numerous biotic and abiotic parameters have been reported to influence methylmercury (MeHg) production in sediments, the key factors determining the elevated MeHg levels in mangrove wetlands have not been well addressed. In this study, Hg levels in the sediments from different habitats (mudflats, mangrove fringe, and mangrove interior) in the Futian mangrove wetland were investigated, aiming to characterize the predominant factors affecting the MeHg production and distinguish the key microbial taxa responsible for Hg methylation. MeHg concentrations in the sediments from the mangrove interior (1.03 ± 0.34 ng g−1 dw) were significantly higher than those in mudflats (0.26 ± 0.08 ng g−1 dw) and mangrove fringe (0.45 ± 0.10 ng g−1 dw). Mangrove vegetation also promoted the accumulation of organic matters in sediments, which stimulated the growth of methylators, ultimately leading to an elevated MeHg level in the sediment. The data from 16S sequencing and random forest analysis further indicated that the increased abundances of Desulfococcus and Desulfosarcina, which belong to complete-oxidizing microbes with acetyl-CoA pathway and are favored by mangrove vegetation, were the primary contributors to MeHg production. Besides, syntrophic partners of methylators (e.g. Syntrophus) also play a considerable role in MeHg production. The present findings provide a deep understanding of Hg-methylation in mangrove wetlands, and offers valuable insights into of the interactions between mangrove plants and soil microbiome in the presence of Hg contamination.
13. 题目: Aging mechanism of biochar based on fluorescence spectroscopy: Assessing soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) dynamics and Cd bioavailability 文章编号: N25011303 期刊: Chemical Engineering Journal 作者: Jianen Li, Qiaona Li, Shuqi Liang, Boyu Zhang, Jianzhi Wang, Yixing Yu, Lize Xia, Ying Zhang, Yifan Wang 更新时间: 2025-01-13 摘要: Biochar (BC) has been widely applied in the environmental field, yet the effects of aging on BC-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) and its influence on soil DOM post-application remain underexplored. Therefore, this study accelerates the aging of BC through dry-wet cycling (DW), freeze–thaw cycling (FT), and ultraviolet irradiation (UI) to investigate the effects of aging treatments on the release characteristics of BC-derived DOM and their impact on the remediation of Cd-contaminated soil. The results show that UI treatment significantly increased the release of BC-derived DOM (209.57 mg/L after 25 days, compared to 135.75 mg/L and 129.47 mg/L for DW and FT treatments, respectively), and reduced the alkalinity of BC. Soil incubation experiments demonstrated that S-DW and S-UI increased the bioavailability of DOM and stimulated microbial activity, whereas S-FT and S-BC treatments, which had higher humic acid content, effectively reduced cadmium bioavailability (passivation rates: S-BC 27.84 %, S-FT 23.76 %, S-DW 18.98 % and S-UI 24.81 %). Fluorescence spectroscopy analysis revealed that aging increased the humic-like substances in BC-derived DOM, affecting the composition of soil DOM and Cd immobilization. These findings emphasize the dynamic properties of aged BC in soil remediation, offering theoretical support for its long-term use in pollution control.
14. 题目: Optimizing biochar-based column filtration systems for enhanced pollutant removal in wastewater treatment: A preliminary study 文章编号: N25011302 期刊: Chemosphere 作者: Sofiane El Barkaoui, Laila Mandi, Michelangelo Fichera, Houria Ryah, Abdelaziz Baçaoui, Massimo Del Bubba, Naaila Ouazzani 更新时间: 2025-01-13 摘要: This study aims to test the efficiency of biochar-based substrates in removing chemical and bacteriological pollutants from wastewater and to determine the optimal percentage of biochar (BC) to implement for large-scale filters (e.g., constructed wetlands). So, a preliminary test was conducted on a lab column scale for wastewater treatment of decanted wastewater using column filtration systems (CFS) integrated with BC (BC-based CFSs) at different concentrations (0%, 10%, 25%, and 50%). The BC used here was produced from exhausted olive pomace (pyrolised at T 590 °C, residence time of 2 h and a heating rate of 10 °C min−1). The results revealed that the BC incorporated into the CFS improved the efficiency of nitrogen species removal (total nitrogen (TN) 64–65%, total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) 75%–77%, organic nitrogen (ON) 78%–87%, and NH4+-N 57%–69%); phosphorus species (total phosphorus (TP) 39%–44%, PO43− 38%–42%); total and soluble chemical oxygen demand (TCOD (44%–56%), and SCOD (33%–51%) respectively); and total suspended solids (TSS) 87%–92%, compared to the control filter (CFS0). Bacteriological analysis focused on faecal bacteria indicators, including total coliforms (TC), faecal coliforms (FC), faecal streptococci (FS), as well as the pathogen Staphylococcus (SP) and total aerobic mesophilic flora (TAMF). The highest removal efficiencies were observed for CFS10. Based on this preliminary study, the efficiency of CFS in removing pollutants from wastewater is optimal with a small amount of BC (10%) from both water quality and economic points of view.
15. 题目: The isolated Ca-Nx sites in biochar boosting Fe catalyzed Fenton-like oxidation of Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate: Properties, mechanisms, and applications 文章编号: N25011301 期刊: Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy 作者: Chenyu Yang, Qian Yao, Liangzhong Li, Xian Xiao, Lun Lu, Chang Liu, Chunyou Zhu, Sihui Zhan, Haoran Yuan 更新时间: 2025-01-13 摘要: The biochar with single Ca atom (1.7 wt%) loaded nanoscale zero-valent iron composites (Fe@Ca-N-C) were prepared and effectively degraded tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) via Fenton-like oxidation. Systematic experiments and theoretical calculations indicated that the enhanced removal of TCEP was attributed to the synergistic effect of adsorption (Ca-Nx sites) and degradation (Fe sites). Remarkably, the optimal system of 0.1 g L-1 Fe@Ca-N-C, 1 mM peroxydisulfate (PDS) achieved 99.5% TCEP degradation (2 mg L-1) in 30 min and maintained 100% TCEP removal for 72 h in continuous-flow reaction column. The Ca-Nx sites exhibited high adsorption energy for TCEP (especially the Ca-N1 sites), and the Fe sites (Fe(0) and Fe(Ⅱ)) activated PDS into HO•, which quickly degrades the adsorbed TCEP through C-O bond breaking and C-Cl bond hydroxylation. This study provided insights into single Ca atom utilization and TCEP pollution remediation.
16. 题目: Street-scale black carbon modelling over the West Midlands, United Kingdom: Sensitivity test of traffic emission factor adjustments 文章编号: N25011206 期刊: Environment International 作者: Jian Zhong, Yinghua Li, William James Bloss, Roy M Harrison 更新时间: 2025-01-12 摘要: Black carbon is harmful for climate, environment, and human health. Road traffic is one of the major sources for black carbon in urban areas. This study develops a street scale air quality model configuration for the dispersion of black carbon concentrations across the West Midlands, UK, incorporating updated road traffic emission factors. A range of modelling cases accounting for traffic emission factor adjustments was conducted and evaluated against measurements at three monitoring sites within the region. The model overall has good performance. With unadjusted traffic emission factors, the model can capture black carbon annual concentrations at urban background sites. However, an adjustment (factor of 3) for the traffic emission factors is needed to better represent the roadside site (although with a slight overestimation of 3 % in annual concentration). There are near-linear relationships between black carbon concentrations and the adjustment ratio for the traffic emission factor. Black carbon concentration maps have been generated at 10 m × 10 m resolution, which were then aggregated into health-related electoral ward and local authority levels.
17. 题目: Novel calcium-modified biochar prepared from liquor industrial biogas residue for wastewater resource recovery and soil improvement 文章编号: N25011205 期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 作者: Yanqi Liu, Jihua Dai, Xibin Lv, Wenning Mai, Yahui Shi, Jiawei Liang, Dongjin Wan 更新时间: 2025-01-12 摘要: Calcium carbonate modified biogas residue biochar (CaBC) was prepared to recover total phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen from Chinese Moutai-flavor liquor production wastewater. The maximum removal efficiency of NH4+-N and TP from the liquor wastewater by CaBC was 67.60% ± 3.46% and 99.65% ± 3.60%, respectively. The adsorption processes conformed to the second-order kinetic curves and Langmuir isothermal adsorption model. Compared with blank (without biochar), the application of 5% adsorption-saturated CaBC (CaBC-NP) to the tested soil significantly increased the content of total phosphorus, available phosphorus, organic matter and the soil quality index by 6.17 ± 0.01 g·kg-1, 205.69 ± 8.23 mg·kg-1, 21.90 ± 2.80 g·kg-1 and 1.71 ± 0.16, respectively. Added CaBC-NP significantly promoted the growth of Chinese cabbage, and the complexity and tightness of bacterial symbiotic network in the microbial community were enhanced. The feasibility of CaBC-NP as a slow-release soil fertilizer was verified.
18. 题目: Enhanced priming effect in agricultural soils driven by high-quality exogenous organic carbon additions: A meta-analysis 文章编号: N25011204 期刊: Science of the Total Environment 作者: Yuyao Zhang, Hongyu Hu, Yiguo Ran, Ping Huang, Yunlong Cai, Lin Chen, Congzhi Zhang, Xin Gao, Donghao Ma, Jiabao Zhang 更新时间: 2025-01-12 摘要: The addition of exogenous organic carbon (C) to soil can either accelerate or retard the soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization, i.e., the priming effect (PE), which plays a crucial role in SOC sequestration and thus is significant in the context of global warming. However, the influence of exogenous organic C quality on PE remains poorly understood, potentially limiting our understanding of SOC dynamics. Thus, we conducted a global meta-analysis to reveal the effect of exogenous organic C quality on PE through compiling a data set of 2031 experiment trials. Our results revealed that the addition of organic C significantly enhanced SOC decomposition by 46.23 % in agricultural soils. Labile C compounds induced a stronger PE than both intermediate and recalcitrant C compounds. Organic C materials rich in labile C compounds or with low lignin/N ratios exhibited a greater PE than the resistant substrates. Notably, a threshold C/N ratio of 25 was associated with a higher PE in substrates with C/N < 25. Given the pronounced PE observed with high-quality organic C addition (characterized by C/N <25, low lignin/N ratio, and easy decomposability), we proposed that “stoichiometric decomposition” might predominate the PE in agricultural soils. Collectively, the current study underscores the significant role of exogenous organic C quality in modulating the PE, emphasizing the need for further research to inform effective SOC management strategies.
19. 题目: Effects of Relative Microplastic–Biochar Sizes and Biofilm Formation on Fragmental Microplastic Retention in Biochar Filters 文章编号: N25011203 期刊: Environmental Research 作者: Natrasa Changlor, Chutiporn Inchana, Muhammad Adnan Sabar, Bongkotrat Suyamud, Jenyuk Lohwacharin 更新时间: 2025-01-12 摘要: Microplastics (MPs) pose significant risks to aquatic life and human health. Conventional water treatment is ineffective in removing MPs, demanding alternative technologies. Biochar exhibits a potential for removing MPs through adsorption and filtration. The efficiency of biochar derived from macadamia (Macadamia Integrifolia) nutshells on MP removal from contaminated water was assessed in fixed-bed column tests at environmentally relevant MP concentrations in upward flowing regime. Fragmental polyethylene MPs (50–100 and 100–300 microns) were tested on the effects of the operating conditions, the relative MP–biochar size ratios (0.05–0.14 and 0.13–0.36 for small and large MPs), and biofilm formation on their retention in the biochar bed. The interactions between MPs and biochar are apparently electrostatically repulsive. Small biochar demonstrated >78% removal of the MPs at flow rates of 2.78 ×10-5, 2.78 ×10-4, or 1.39 ×10-3 m/s. Increasing the MP influent concentrations significantly increased the MP removal by the filter. The lower flow rates increase the MP removal with both MP influent concentrations and MP sizes, showing a maximum of 96% removal of small MP. The removal of large MPs by biochar filters (i.e. MP–biochar size ratio: 0.13–0.36) is significantly different when the highest flow rate is used. This difference moderates as the flow rates and MP size decline. Biofilm formation at its early stage altered the porous characteristics and surface morphology of the biochar and enhanced the MP removal. Overall, this study provides insights into the application of biochar filters in tertiary wastewater treatment.
20. 题目: BLOSOM: A Plant Growth Facility Optimised for Continuous 13C Labelling and Measurement of Soil Organic Matter Dynamics 文章编号: N25011202 期刊: European Journal of Soil Science 作者: Nina L Friggens, Neville England, Julian B Murton, Gareth K Phoenix, Iain P Hartley 更新时间: 2025-01-12 摘要: Changes in soil carbon (C) stocks are largely driven by rhizosphere processes forming new soil organic matter (SOM) or stimulating SOM decomposition by rhizosphere priming effects (RPEs). Quantifying these changes is challenging and requires high spatial sampling densities or plant–soil experiments with highly distinct C isotopic signatures for plants and soils. Current methods for quantifying new SOM formation and RPEs rely on low labelling intensities, which introduces high levels of uncertainty. Here, we describe the design and operation of an experimental laboratory facility—BLOSOM (Botanical Labelling Observatory for Soil Organic Matter)—optimised for continuous 13C labelling of plants at high labelling intensities (> 500‰) to quantify new SOM formation and RPEs in temperature‐controlled soils from 216 experimental units. Throughout a > 6‐month experimental period, independent control of soil and air temperature was achieved across diurnal cycles averaging at 5.24°C ± 0.05°C and 21.4°C ± 1.2°C, respectively. BLOSOM can maintain stable CO2 concentrations and δ13C isotopic composition within 5% of setpoints (CO2: 440 ppm, δ13C: 515‰) across a > 6‐month period. This high‐precision control on atmospheric enrichment enables the detection of new SOM formation with a total uncertainty of ±39% to ±3% for a theoretical range of 0.5%–10% new SOM formation, respectively. BLOSOM has the potential improve quantification and mechanistic understanding of new SOM formation and RPEs across many different combinations of plants, soils and simulated climatic conditions to mimic a wide range of ecosystems and climate scenarios.
