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181. 题目: Process-scale evaluation of biochar for calcium removal and mineral recovery in industrial wastewater treatment
文章编号: N26012312
期刊: Chemosphere
作者: Farideh Pahlavan, Alireza Rahimi, Hamed Khodadadi Tirkolaei, Anthony Lamanna, Elham H Fini
更新时间: 2026-01-23
摘要: Increasing calcium (Ca2+) concentrations in water systems, largely attributed to industrial effluents and agricultural runoff, present serious environmental and health concerns, including scaling, infrastructure degradation, and elevated risk of kidney stone formation. Conventional calcium removal techniques such as chemical precipitation and reverse osmosis are often energy-intensive and economically unsustainable. This study explores engineered biochars derived from algae and wood as alternative, sustainable materials for Ca2+ remediation from aqueous environments. The performance of each biochar was evaluated through a combination of atomistic simulations, batch and continuous-flow adsorption experiments, and gas–liquid–solid phase carbonation tests. Algae-based biochar reduced Ca2+ concentrations by up to 47 percent, from 802.4 to 425 mg per liter, outperforming wood-based biochar, which reduced concentrations from 839.5 to 574.3 mg per liter. Both biochars demonstrated significantly higher Ca2+ uptake than inert glass bead controls. Carbonation experiments further confirmed the ability of biochar to facilitate calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitation, with algae biochar yielding 762 mg of CaCO3 and exhibiting substantial surface-scale deposition, suggesting enhanced nucleation and crystal growth. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations indicated that nitrogen- and oxygen-containing surface functional groups, particularly amine, pyridine, and carboxyl moieties, are key contributors to Ca2+ binding. The adsorption energy analysis supported the superior performance of algae biochar, driven by stronger Ca2+ affinity. These results demonstrate the potential of designed biochars as efficient, low-cost materials for water treatment, while supporting sustainable resource management and circular bioeconomy initiatives.

182. 题目: The role of oxalic acid in nutrient solubilization, potentially toxic elements from sewage sludge biochar, and remineralizers for sustainable local fertilizers
文章编号: N26012311
期刊: Environmental Research
作者: Marcela Granato dos Santos, Andressa Blasi Paiva, Camila Rodrigues Costa, Mateus Blasi Paiva, Gilberto de Oliveira Mendes, Éder de Souza Martins, Giuliano Marchi, José Ferreira Lustosa Filho, Cícero Célio de Figueiredo
更新时间: 2026-01-23
摘要: Global population growth presents serious challenges to food security and sustainable agricultural production. Most countries rely heavily on imports of conventional fertilizers to sustain food production. This reliance emphasizes the importance of finding local and environmentally safe options. In this context, sewage sludge biochar (SSB) and remineralizers (REMs) emerge as promising nutrient sources. However, these materials have low natural solubility, which requires alternative methods to improve nutrient release and make them suitable for producing sustainable fertilizers. Thus, this study evaluated the effects of oxalic acid (OA) on the solubilization of nutrients (P, K, Ca, Mg, and S) and potentially toxic elements (Al, Cd, and Cr) from SSB pyrolyzed at 300 °C (SSB300) and 500 °C (SSB500) and from two potassium rocks, mica schist and phonolite. After chemical and mineralogical characterization, the materials were incubated in different concentrations of OA (0, 0.33, 0.67, and 1 mol L-1) for 10 days. The results demonstrated that the solubilization of the elements was dependent on the OA concentration, the aromaticity of the biochars, and the mineral structure of the REMs. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that mixtures of SSB300 with mica schist or phonolite, at intermediate OA concentrations (0.33 and 0.67 mol L-1), released more essential elements for plant growth, such as P, K, and Ca, without significantly increasing potentially toxic elements, making them promising options for developing sustainable multinutrient fertilizers. Future research on how these materials perform in the soil-plant system should be conducted.

183. 题目: EPS restructuring–linked fate of ceftizoxime in nitrifying sludge: degradation pathways, microbial adaptation and toxicity reduction
文章编号: N26012310
期刊: Environmental Research
作者: Zhiqiang Tang, Hong Liu, Jie Luo, Xiaoxia Wang, Yongzhi Chen
更新时间: 2026-01-23
摘要: A systematic understanding of how antibiotics affect nitrification systems—linking removal pathways, toxicity of degradation products, and microbial community shifts—remains limited. Here, four lab-scale sequencing batch reactors were run 175 d to treat domestic wastewater spiked with the third-generation cephalosporin ceftizoxime (CEX) at 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/L. The nitrifying sludge exhibited functional recovery, with ammonium removal efficiencies stabilizing at 84.1 %, 72.4 %, 45.5 %, and 39.4 %, respectively. In parallel, CEX removal efficiencies declined from 97.2 % to 43.7 % with increasing influent concentration, remaining positively correlated with nitrification performance, and at ≤10 mg/L CEX was completely transformed into non- or low-toxicity products. CEX stress affected extracellular polymeric substances (EPS): total EPS increased and composition shifted toward protein dominance, with the PN/PS ratio rising from 1.03 to 2.13. Phase-resolved measurements showed distinct partitioning of CEX among the aqueous phase, EPS fractions (S-EPS/LB-EPS/TB-EPS), and the intracellular phase, and the EPS-layer-specific LC–MS/MS fingerprints support an EPS-layer-resolved progressive transformation interpretation. Microbial community analysis showed marked declines in ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (e.g., Nitrosomonas 8.8 %→1.4 %) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (Nitrospira 3.2 %→0.1 %), accompanied by the enrichment of several heterotrophic genera associated with CEX-stressed conditions, such as Ferruginibacter (3.7 %→22.3 %), Aquabacterium, and Aquicella. LC–MS/MS identified three CEX degradation pathways initiated by β-lactam ring hydrolysis followed by decarboxylation and C–C bond cleavage, yielding lower-molecular-weight products, while E. coli bioassays confirmed effective detoxification at moderate CEX levels. Overall, these results clarify the coupled roles of EPS restructuring, microbial community adaptation, and biodegradation in mitigating the risks of third-generation cephalosporins in nitrification-based wastewater treatment.

184. 题目: Straw plus straw interlayer alter soil organic carbon and bacterial community in a saline-alkali soil from the Yellow River Delta
文章编号: N26012309
期刊: Soil and Tillage Research
作者: Huili Zhao, Yanwen Wang, Jiaqi Li, Xuze Hu, Ying Zhao, Xiaohong Guo, Gary Y Gan
更新时间: 2026-01-23
摘要: Salt stress and nutrient deficiency severely restrict soil carbon storage and microbial diversity in the Yellow River Delta. Soil amendments has been widely recognized as an effective approach to improving saline-alkali soil fertility. However, the effects and interactions of straw return plus desulfurized gypsum or straw interlayer on soil carbon content and bacterial communities remain unclear. We conducted field experiments with five treatments: (1) no addition (CK), (2) straw return alone (S), (3) straw return plus desulfurized gypsum (DG_S), (4) straw return plus straw interlayer (SL_S), and (5) straw return plus desulfurized gypsum plus straw interlayer (DG_SL_S). The results indicated that compared with straw return alone, DG_S, SL_S, and DG_SL_S further improved soil nutrient availability, with DG_S and SL_S increasing SOC by 25.1 % and 33.26 %, respectively. Conversely, DG_S, SL_S, and DG_SL_S significantly reduced DOC content, whereas DG_S and DG_SL_S reduced MBC by 8 % and 10.81 %, respectively. All amendment treatments significantly enhanced soil enzyme activities. Alpha and beta diversity analysis indicated that the amendment treatments significantly enhanced bacterial richness, diversity, and altered community structure. Compared with the straw return alone, straw return plus straw interlayer showed significantly higher relative abundances of Gemmatimonadota, Chloroflexi, Aquicella, and Salinimicrobium, and lower Actinobacteria. DOC, MBC, β-1, 4-glucosidase, and cellobiohydrolase were core drivers of bacterial community changes. Bacterial co-occurrence network analysis demonstrated that DG_S and SL_S treatments enhanced bacterial community stability, complexity, and connectivity compared with straw return alone, thereby promoting organic carbon cycling and sequestration. Functional predictions indicated all amendments optimized soil carbon sequestration and nutrient conversion by enhancing carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, and nitrogen sulfur cycling, and reducing the TCA cycle. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that straw combined with desulfurized gypsum or straw interlayers significantly enhances bacterial diversity and soil fertility, emerging as effective strategies for sustainable agriculture in the Yellow River Delta.

185. 题目: Pasture management in Ferralsols drives mineral-associated organic matter storage, exceeding native soil carbon stocks and enhancing cation exchange capacity
文章编号: N26012308
期刊: Geoderma
作者: Lucas Raimundo Bento, Ladislau Martin-Neto, João Vitor dos Santos, Vitor Silveira Freitas, José Ricardo Macedo Pezzopane, Alberto Carlos de Campos Bernardi, Patrícia Perondi Anchão Oliveira, Steffen A Schweizer
更新时间: 2026-01-23
摘要: Pasture management is pivotal for enhancing soil organic carbon (SOC) storage in tropical grasslands, yet SOC recovery is often considered merely as the replenishment of historical losses following land-use change. It remains unclear whether managed Ferralsols can surpass the SOC stocks of native vegetation (NV) and which mechanisms drive such gains. We evaluated SOC pools, chemical composition, and nutrient-holding capacity after 24 years under unmanaged degraded pasture (DP) and fertilized managed pasture (MP), relative to NV. SOC storage in these systems was primarily mediated by the mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) pool. Compared to NV, DP soils exhibited reduced MAOM stocks (119 vs. 92 Mg C ha−1), whereas MP soils stored 148 Mg C ha−1. In DP, soil acidity, low nutrient availability, and poor forage inputs induced microbial stress (as revealed by phospholipid fatty acid profiles), likely constraining MAOM formation and yielding MAOM enriched in carbohydrates with fewer carbonyl groups. In contrast, liming and fertilization in MP alleviated the Ferralsol’s low pH and nutrient deficiencies, enhancing forage yields and reducing microbial stress, likely promoting MAOM with more microbially processed signatures. NanoSIMS analyses revealed microscale organic matter patches sparsely covering clay-sized particles, indicating that SOC storage is decoupled from mineral surface area and highlighting the role of organic inputs and microbial activity in MAOM formation. Higher MAOM under MP not only increased SOC stocks but also enhanced cation exchange capacity, demonstrating that targeted pasture management can exceed native SOC stocks while improving nutrient retention.

186. 题目: Soil organic carbon, nitrogen, and enzyme activity in glaciated-derived agricultural landscapes of the U.S. Midwest
文章编号: N26012307
期刊: Catena
作者: Helen C S Amorim, Amanda J Ashworth, Diane E Stott, Hans E Winzeler, Phillip R Owens, Zamir Libohova
更新时间: 2026-01-23
摘要: The extent to which terrain and landscape drive soil C and nutrient dynamics remains unexplored for agricultural lands, due to their complex interactions. This study assessed soil organic carbon (SOC), total N, mineralizable SOC (Cmin) via an incubation experiment, and beta-glucosidase (BG) activity affected by landscape position in glaciated-derived agricultural soils of northern Indiana. Soil samples from the 0–25 cm depth were collected along 10-point transects following the soil catena. Overall, SOC and N concentrations in the landscape were influenced by soil wetness and organic matter accumulation. Depressions, poorly and very poorly drained soils stored 55–76% more SOC than surrounding upland areas. After 28 days of incubation, depressions, poorly and very poorly drained soils released 1.4 Mg C ha−1 as Cmin, nearly 2-times more than upland areas (0.8 Mg ha−1), likely owing to greater enzyme activity (66.3 and 70.3 μg g−1 soil h−1 in depressions and very poorly drained soils, respectively). Mean C-CO2 evolution decreased exponentially after 28 days (1.5 to 0.2 μg g−1 h−1), being the lowest for depressions and very poorly drained soils. Soils with buried histic epipedons had the highest total SOC stock (188 Mg C ha−1) compared to mollic and ochric epipedons (51 and 32 Mg C ha−1, respectively). These findings inform land managers about SOC retention based on soil type and relief and can guide targeted best management and conservation practices according to landscape zones, which is critical to support long-term soil health and sustainability of crop production systems in glaciated-derived landscapes.

187. 题目: Soil Organic Carbon Changes in Agricultural Areas of Europe—Synthesis of Repeated Regional Soil Surveys
文章编号: N26012306
期刊: European Journal of Soil Science
作者: Laura Sofie Harbo, Evelin Pihlap, Gabriela Barančíková, Axel Don, Florian Schneider, Christopher Poeplau
更新时间: 2026-01-23
摘要: Across Europe, increasingly more soil‐related data is being collected. Soil organic carbon (SOC) is one of the most frequently collected parameters from soil monitoring networks due to the connections between SOC and many soil health indicators and ecosystem functions. Furthermore, SOC changes are also related to CO 2 emissions and sinks, thus influencing climate change. SOC‐related data is therefore also fundamental for greenhouse gas emission reporting in the sector land use, land use change and forestry. Much of the SOC data at continent‐, country‐, and regional‐level scale in Europe come from soil monitoring networks (SMNs) that are highly diverse and scattered. In this review, we gather results from European SMNs covering agricultural land with more than one completed sampling campaign in order to compare changes in SOC content and stock from SMNs across Europe. Sixteen countries and regions are represented in the review, representing 24% of the agricultural land (cropland and grassland) of the European Union, United Kingdom and Switzerland. The results and data included in this review were collected between 1955 and 2024. While both gains and losses in SOC are found from European croplands and grasslands, a loss of SOC was found for 56% of the agricultural area covered by the included studies. In cropland areas and general agricultural land, SOC loss and gain were found equally frequently, while SOC loss was found for the majority of the grassland areas surveyed. Given the prevalence of SOC loss, soil health appears under pressure, and improved and harmonized soil monitoring data are needed to quantify SOC changes and their consequences for soil health at the continental scale.

188. 题目: Insights into impact of tire additives on activated sludge systems: Treatment performance, extracellular polymeric substances, and microbial community
文章编号: N26012305
期刊: Bioresource Technology
作者: Hao Han, Shuailing Wang, Lele Zhou, Siying Li, Jingfei Huang, Xingxing Peng
更新时间: 2026-01-23
摘要: This study systematically investigated the impacts of seven common tire additives (TAs) and their derivatives on the performance and microbial ecology of an activated sludge system exposed to environmental concentrations (0.2–20.0 μg/L) over 160 days. While most individual TAs showed minimal effects, the mixture of TAs (MIX) and 2-((4-Methylpentan-2-yl)amino)-5-(phenylamino)cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (6PPD-Q) significantly inhibited nitrogen removal efficiency. At 20.0 μg/L, the abundances of key nitrification and denitrification genes (amoA, nirK, nirS, nosZ) were markedly suppressed, leading to reductions in NH4+-N (12–14%) and total nitrogen (18–23%) removal efficiencies. The impairment was associated with elevated oxidative stress level, as indicated by a sharp increase in reactive oxygen species (0.9–1.1 fold) and lactate dehydrogenase (1.5–2.1 fold) release, alongside suppressed adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis. Concurrently, sludge settleability deteriorated and mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) decreased, which correlated with reduced sludge hydrophobicity and enhanced hydrogen bond intensity (3435 cm−1). Microbial community restructuring was observed, with tolerant genera (e.g., Comamonadaceae, Rhodobacteraceae) increasing, while key nitrogen-removing genera (e.g., Nitrosomonas, Thauera) decreased. Three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy analysis revealed a decline in tryptophan and tyrosine like proteins in tightly bound extracellular polymeric substances. Molecular docking demonstrated that 6PPD-Q exhibited the strongest binding affinity to tryptophan and tyrosine synthases, suggesting a high potential for enzymatic interference even at low concentrations. This study demonstrated that MIX and 6PPD-Q, at environmental concentrations, significantly affect activated sludge systems and investigated the mechanisms involved, thereby providing important evidence for the ecological risk assessment of such pollutants during wastewater treatment.

189. 题目: Seasonal dynamics of sedimentary dissolved organic matter in plateau lakes: Driving effects on microbial community and functional genes in elements cycling
文章编号: N26012304
期刊: Journal of Environmental Management
作者: Zhongqing Huang, Jian Shen, Jinhui Wang, Chen Wang, Huaji Liu, Chunmei Tian, Jimeng Feng, Xinze Wang
更新时间: 2026-01-23
摘要: Plateau lakes, as sensitive zones to global climate change and critical hubs for land-water carbon exchange, remain understudied in terms of the seasonal dynamics of their sedimentary dissolved organic matter (DOM) and its interactions with microbial ecological function. This study employed Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) and metagenomic techniques to unravel the seasonal variations of DOM and their regulatory roles in microbial community and elements cycling. During the dry season, low water temperature (WT), dissolved oxygen (DO), and high electrical conductivity (EC) promoted accumulation of lignin-like and carboxyl-rich aliphatic molecules (CRAMs), with Fuxian Lake exhibiting the strongest sequestration. The subsequent wet period raised microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and easily oxidizable organic carbon (EOC), lowered average mass-to-charge ratios and increased both nominal hydrogen-to-carbon ratios (H/C) and the molecular lability index (MLB%). Labile sugars and peptides enhanced microbial α-diversity, whereas refractory compounds selected for specialist taxa and intensified community differentiation. Random forest identified sugars, peptides, O3S + O5S, biological index (BIX), and WT as core drivers of element cycling genes expression. Functional gene modules diverged along trophic status. The oligotrophic deep lake underwent seasonal turnover, whereas the eutrophic shallow lake preserved stable supermodules integrating multiple metabolic pathways to buffer perturbations. Anthropogenic disturbances elevated sulfur/nitrogen-containing heteroatomic compounds and threatened sediment carbon sinks and element cycling balance. This study advances the understanding of DOM-driven biogeochemical cycles and provides a scientific framework for managing multi-element interactions in climatically sensitive plateau lakes.

190. 题目: Red phosphorus triggers endogenous iron activation of sludge biochar for peroxymonosulfate activation: Unravelling superoxide radical and non-radical degradation mechanisms
文章编号: N26012303
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Minghui Xiang, Zhikang Deng, Yongfei Ma, Yifan Liu, Xiaoyu Xiang, Han Ding, Ranran Zhang, Hui Lin, Junwei Ma, Yongzhen Ding, Zulin Zhang
更新时间: 2026-01-23
摘要: The integration of modified biochar with peroxymonosulfate (PMS) presents a promising advanced oxidation process for antibiotic removal from water. In this study, we successfully synthesized a red phosphorus (red P)-modified sludge biochar (SBC) catalyst, incorporating zero-valent iron and oxygen vacancies by mechanical ball milling. This synthesis strategy utilized the intrinsic metal content of SBC which enhanced its electron transfer capacity and catalytic activity. The optimized red P/SBC/PMS (PSBC/PMS) system achieved high sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation efficiency (98.68%) and mineralization rate (> 60%). Combined electron paramagnetic resonance and radical quenching experiments confirmed that SMX removal in the PSBC/PMS system proceeded through the radical and non-radical pathways, with superoxide radicals (O2•–) identified as the predominant reactive species in the radical-driven process. And Fe0 played an important role in the non-radical pathway. Further mechanistic studies revealed that PMS served as the primary precursor for O2•– formation. The catalytic system’s degradation efficiency and stability were further validated through a series of ion interference tests, water matrix evaluations, and cycling experiments, which demonstrated the practical applications. This work provides new insights into PMS activation mechanisms by metal-rich biochar catalysts and advances the design of sustainable water treatment technologies.

191. 题目: Dissolved organic matter dynamics and chemistry under fungal activity: A microcosm incubation with litter differentially 13C-labelled
文章编号: N26012302
期刊: Geoderma
作者: Thanh Thuy Nguyen Tu, Marion Texier, Rania Krimou, Philippe Biron, Sylvie Collin, Emmanuel Aubry, Mercedes Mendez-Millan, Christelle Anquetil, Caroline Kunz, Frédéric Delarue, Marie A Alexis, Joëlle Dupont
更新时间: 2026-01-23
摘要: This work aimed at better documenting the effects of fungal activity on dissolved organic matter (OM) in soils. Dynamics of water-extractable OM (as surrogate for dissolved OM) quantity and chemical quality was monitored during a ca. 6 month microcosm incubation of plant residues in the presence of fungi. Differential 13C-labelling of metabolites vs structural compounds of the incubated residues further allowed clarifying the balance between fungal mineralisation and production of soluble compounds (through biosynthesis and/or decomposition). The fungus Trichoderma harzianum was mainly active during the first weeks of incubation, substantially mineralizing WEOM, preferentially consuming carbohydrates. The fungus induced chemical modification of WEOM, notably selective preservation of lipids and oxidation of lignin moieties. While T. harzianum probably degraded some insoluble structural molecules and produced biomass, these contributions to bulk WEOM appeared minor (when compared with leaching and mineralization), either because non-significant or entering non-extractable carbon pool. Additionally, characterization of control fungus-free microcosms, highlighted the potential role of abiotic processes on WEOM production, including leaching and depolymerisation by extracellular enzymes, notably of carbohydrate rich (insoluble) macromolecules.

192. 题目: Contribution of dissolved organic carbon to total alkalinity in Enhanced Weathering experiments
文章编号: N26012301
期刊: Applied Geochemistry
作者: Lukas Rieder, Mathilde Hagens, Reinaldy Poetra, Alix Vidal, Tullia Calogiuri, Anna Neubeck, Abhijeet Singh, Thomas Corbett, Harun Niron, Sara Vicca, Siegfried E Vlaeminck, Iris Janssens, Tim Verdonck, Ivan Janssens, Xuming Li, Jens S Hammes, Jens Hartmann
更新时间: 2026-01-23
摘要: Total Alkalinity (TA) is widely used as a proxy for captured CO2 in enhanced weathering (EW) applications. However, organic anions can also contribute to TA. To improve carbon accounting in EW, which is often simplified to that TA equals carbonate alkalinity, their contribution should be taken into account. In this study, we tested how dissolved organic carbon (DOC) contributes to non-carbonate alkalinity (ANC) using microcosm experiments with artificial organo-mineral mixtures. We used different combinations of rock powder with straw, microbes and earthworm additions, under ambient air conditions. The microcosms were flow-through columns placed in a climate chamber at 25 °C, which were irrigated with groundwater at rates between 1200 and 3600 mm/yr. The concentrations of several low-molecular-weight organic acids (oxalate, citrate, acetate, gluconate) were quantified to assess which conjugate base anions impact the measured TA. Results revealed a ratio of 3.5 mol DOC per ANC equivalent. In the overall experiment the median contribution of ANC to TA was around 5.5 %. A positive correlation between DOC and charge-balance error suggests that some organic acid anions remained deprotonated during TA titration. Acetate anions found in DOC-rich water samples further support a substantial contribution of organic anions to TA. To investigate the relevance of ANC for natural EW systems, we also quantified ANC contributions in natural waters and leachates from soil EW experiment mesocosms. Because DOC levels were lower, ANC contributions were smaller, ranging from a median of 4.1 % in soil mesocosm leachates down to 0.9 % in Elbe estuary water samples. This ANC contribution, despite seeming small, is relevant for carbon accounting in terrestrial EW practices, where TA is often assumed to be solely carbonate alkalinity.

193. 题目: Effects of land use changes on soil organic matter content and speciation in volcanic soils of southern Chile
文章编号: N26012211
期刊: Catena
作者: Belén Caurapan, Franz Zehetner, Susana R Valle
更新时间: 2026-01-22
摘要: This study examined how land-use changes impact soil organic carbon (SOC) content and chemical speciation in four volcanic soils (Andisols and Ultisols) in southern Chile. Fixed depth (FD) and equivalent soil mass (ESM) approaches were used to analyze SOC stocks under different land uses, including native forest, cropland, grassland, and exotic tree plantations. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy provided insights into the soil organic matter (SOM) composition by highlighting changes in key bands associated with organic compounds. Methodological analyses showed that although both FD and ESM methods produced similar average SOC values, the ESM approach may better capture SOC variations in soils with different densities. SOC contents and stocks significantly decreased in croplands, particularly in Typic Hapludult and Acrudoxic Duraquand, most likely due to intensive management practices that promote SOM decomposition. Native forests and grasslands demonstrated higher SOC stocks and maintained complex organic inputs. These results underscore the need for soil-specific management practices to sustain SOC levels, particularly in older volcanic soils like Ultisols, which have a lower capacity to stabilize organic carbon and are more vulnerable to SOC losses under intensive land use. This research demonstrated that the ESM approach enhances the accuracy of SOC stock estimates in volcanic soils with contrasting densities. FTIR analyses effectively revealed changes in SOM composition related to land-use change. Applying both methods together improves the detection of biogeochemical changes and should be prioritized when assessing SOC vulnerability and guiding conservation strategies in volcanic soils.

194. 题目: Microbial-mediated shifts regulate the trade-off between soil organic carbon content and stability after cropland afforestation in Eastern China
文章编号: N26012210
期刊: Applied Soil Ecology
作者: Jie Liu, Lin Yang, Jie Wang, Lei Zhang, Yongqi Qian, Ren Wei, Wenkai Cui, Chenghu Zhou
更新时间: 2026-01-22
摘要: Cropland soil organic carbon (SOC) is a vital component of the global carbon cycle. At the same time, the expansion of adjacent planted forests, driven by their ecological benefits, further shapes regional carbon dynamics. This offers a pivotal research opportunity to investigate divergences in SOC and its fractions, as well as carbon formation and stabilization mechanisms in croplands and planted forests converted from croplands. Elucidating divergent influencing mechanisms of SOC and its fractions between croplands and planted forests is critical to deciphering different land-use impacts on carbon storage and optimizing land-use-specific carbon sequestration management under global warming. We collected 39 paired cropland-planted forest soil samples in a major grain-producing region of Eastern China, and used piecewise structural equation modeling and random forest modeling to quantify and compare the effects of physical carbon parameters, microbial-derived carbon (MDC), and biotic-abiotic drivers on SOC and its fractions between croplands and adjacent planted forests. Croplands exhibited significantly higher SOC, particulate organic carbon (POC), and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) contents than planted forests, exceeding forest levels by 34%, 68%, and 25%, respectively. Compared to planted forests, croplands had a higher POC proportion but a lower MAOC proportion. Furthermore, the dominant drivers of SOC, POC, and MAOC shifted from biotic factors in croplands to abiotic factors in planted forests. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) exhibited a stronger positive contribution to SOC accumulation in croplands than in planted forests. Fungal necromass carbon (FNC) contributed more to SOC, POC, and MAOC than bacterial necromass carbon (BNC) in croplands, but the opposite was true in planted forests. Collectively, planted forests exhibited lower but more stable SOC compared to croplands, demonstrating greater sensitivity to abiotic drivers and stronger MAOC dominance (constituting 78.85% of total SOC). Conversely, cropland SOC was primarily regulated by biotic drivers and MDC inputs. Therefore, land-use-specific management is essential to maximize the complementary carbon sequestration potentials of croplands and planted forests, thereby enhancing global SOC accumulation and stabilization.

195. 题目: Predictive Understanding of the Transformation of Ferrihydrite with Machine Learning: Key Factors, Mechanisms, and Implications for the Immobilization of Pollutants and Soil Organic Carbon
文章编号: N26012209
期刊: ACS Earth and Space Chemistry
作者: Wenyan Wu, Zibo Xu, Chengpeng Yuan, Wenfeng Huang, Zehong Zhang, Jun Liang, Xinde Cao, Xiaoyun Xu
更新时间: 2026-01-22
摘要: Ferrihydrite (Fh), which plays a critical role in element cycling and contaminant sequestration in the environment, is susceptible to transformation. However, understanding and predicting its transformation process are challenging due to the multitude of influencing factors. Herein, we developed six machine learning (ML) models and selected the best performance model (Random Forest) to predict the transformation and fate of Fh. Key influencing factors for Fh transformation, including the C/Fe ratio and Fe(II)/Fe(III) ratio, were identified. ML further implied a distinct transformation route between biological-induced and chemical-induced Fh transformation; that is, the former one resulted primarily in lepidocrocite (Lp), while the latter tended to more readily yield goethite (Gt) or magnetite (Mt) via intermediate phases. Linking with the fixation capacity of different Fe minerals, our ML model indicated the risk of emerging pollutants (e.g., perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, PFAS) and global warming during the Fh transformation under different environmental conditions. The predicted release risk of PFAS and soil organic carbon could reach up to 67.8% in paddy soil and 181.6 Pg globally, respectively. Through a data-driven approach, this study provides new insights into the transformation, fate, and implications of poorly crystalline iron minerals, highlighting their roles in pollutant turnover and carbon cycling.

196. 题目: Organic signatures from modern and ancient seagrass in coarse-grained sediments near Poel Island, Baltic Sea
文章编号: N26012208
期刊: Organic Geochemistry
作者: Volker Thiel, Manuel Reinhardt, Maria Thirase, Alina Klick, Volker Karius
更新时间: 2026-01-22
摘要: Seagrass meadows are regarded to play an important role in mitigating climate change by acting as a sink of organic carbon (C) in their underlying sediments. This study investigates the C sequestration potential of seagrass in coarse-grained nearshore deposits near Poel Island in the southwestern Baltic Sea. Four ∼60 cm long sediment cores from Zostera marina meadows were analyzed for the nature and quantity of particulate organic C. Emphasis was placed on the questions (i) whether seagrass coverage would lead to an enhanced C storage in this high-energy proximal setting, and (ii) whether the stored C has a seagrass origin or derives from other, marine or terrestrial sources. We observed that total organic C (TOC) contents in the rhizosphere of seagrass vegetated areas are currently very low (0.05–0.22%) and similar to unvegetated areas. However, a several-cm-thick, dark brown layer, residing at a depth of 40–60 cm, was strongly enriched in TOC (up to 17%) and contained most of the organic matter stored in the sediment profiles studied. A combination of lipid biomarkers, scanning electron microscopy, 14C age dating, and 13C measurements in TOC and individual lipids revealed that the organic matter in this layer originated from seagrass. This material was abruptly buried ∼2000 years ago, possibly because of a storm event. Our findings highlight that event-driven burial of seagrass biomass can provide a critical pathway for Blue Carbon storage over relevant (102–103 yrs) timespans in coarse-grained proximal sediments.

197. 题目: PMS activation via alginate cross-linked TiO2 hybridized peanut shells biochar under visible light for boosted pharmaceutical pollutants oxidation
文章编号: N26012207
期刊: Chemical Engineering Journal
作者: Hamid Zouggari, Fatima-Zahra Mahir, Aida M Diez, Ridha Djellabi, M Ángeles Sanromán, Abdallah Albourine, Marta Pazos
更新时间: 2026-01-22
摘要: Water contamination by persistent pharmaceuticals, such as the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX), poses a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems and human health. Simultaneously, much agricultural waste remains underutilized as a potential sustainable resource. Peanut shells were converted into biochar (PSB) and subsequently hybridized with TiO2 nanoparticles to catalyze peroxymonosulfate (PMS) under visible light for the oxidation of the SMX. PSB@TiO2 was fabricated using a 3D sodium alginate (Alg) cross-linked matrix, which acts as a stabilizing scaffold and an active contributor to pollutant adsorption and charge transfer enhancement, obtaining Alg-PSB@TiO2. The Ti-O-C interfacial bridge formed between PSB and TiO2 particles plays a crucial role in absorbing visible light and redox charge transfer. In the presence of PMS, 99.9% SMX degradation was achieved within 90 min by Alg-PSB@TiO2 under simulated sunlight, with a photocatalytic performance of 6.13, 4.01, and 1.14 times higher than bare PSB, TiO2, and PSB@TiO2, respectively. Quenching tests demonstrate that h+, SO4•-, •OH, 1O2, e- and •O2- were produced and contributed to SMX degradation, wherein h+, SO4•-, e- are the primary reactive species. Stability and recycling tests proved that Alg-PSB@TiO2 photocatalyst sustained 90.6% efficiency after six cycles, exhibiting superior stability compared to most bead-based and powdered catalysts, with undetectable Ti leaching. In addition, LC–MS analysis and ECOSAR predictions indicate that the degradation pathways substantially reduce the toxicity of transformation products. Collectively, this work establishes the biochar–TiO2 hybrid immobilized on Alg beads as a highly efficient, reusable, and environmentally safe photocatalyst for PMS activation.

198. 题目: Effects of micro/nanoplastics on physicochemical properties and cadmium(II)-sorption capacity of pig-bone biochar
文章编号: N26012206
期刊: Environmental Technology & Innovation
作者: Yuanxiang Yang, Ying Du, Mingbiao Xiong, Shaoping Yang, Yinlong Xiao
更新时间: 2026-01-22
摘要: Biochar, when introduced into the environment, has a high potential to coexist with micro/nanoplastics (MPs/NPs), yet the effects of these plastics on biochar’s properties and metal removal capacity remain unclear. This study investigated how pig-bone biochar of sizes 25–75 μm (B75) and 250–425 μm (B425) interacts with polystyrene particles of 25, 200, and 5000nm (PS25, PS200, and PS5000, respectively). Results indicated that the surface area of B75 was significantly reduced after interacting with MPs/NPs, while the surface area of B425 tended to increase. Furthermore, the Cd(II)-sorption performance of B75 was mostly unaffected by MPs/NPs. In contrast, the Cd(II)-sorption capacity of B425 increased significantly by 18.6%, 24.2%, and 7.0% following interactions with PS25, PS200, and PS5000, respectively. Kinetic and isothermal analyses revealed that, irrespective of interaction with MPs/NPs, the active sites on B75 for Cd(II)-sorption remained heterogeneous and the Cd(II)-sorption process was primarily driven by chemical forces. Conversely, after interacting with MPs/NPs, physical adsorption played a major role in the Cd(II)-sorption on B425. Using 2D-FTIR-COS analysis, we determined that COO⁻ groups on the pig-bone biochar were the most sensitive for Cd(II)-sorption. However, following interaction with MPs/NPs, the contribution of COO- groups to the Cd(II)-sorption diminished. Additionally, after interacting with MPs/NPs, the polystyrene benzene ring skeleton and C-H bending outside the benzene ring contributed to the Cd(II)-sorption process. This study emphasizes that the effects of MPs/NPs should be considered when using biochar to remediate metal pollution in the environment.

199. 题目: Microbial and plant-derived carbon contributions to particulate and mineral-associated organic carbon in perennial and annual cropping systems
文章编号: N26012205
期刊: Geoderma
作者: Yiwei Shang, Zhi Liang, Imran Ahammad Siddique, Michaela Dippold, Diego Abalos, Jørgen Eivind Olesen
更新时间: 2026-01-22
摘要: Perennial cropping systems hold great potential to enhance soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and contribute to climate change mitigation. However, the effects of perennial crops on SOC fractions with different stabilities remain poorly understood. Particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) are considered to have different formation mechanisms and different stabilities. Plant- and microbial-derived carbon (C) are the main origins of SOC, yet their relative contributions to POC and MAOC remain unclear. Here, based on an 11-year experiment, we compared two perennial cropping systems (festulolium and grass-clover) with an annual cropping system (maize), to investigate their effects on soil POC and MAOC, and quantify the contribution of plant- and microbial-derived C to these two soil C fractions using lignin phenols and amino sugars as biomarkers.

200. 题目: Carbon in above- and belowground harvest residues of silage maize under contrasting nutrient regimes
文章编号: N26012204
期刊: Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment
作者: Azhar Zhartybayeva, Bent T Christensen, Jørgen Eriksen, Axel Don, Johannes L Jensen
更新时间: 2026-01-22
摘要: Models simulating management-induced changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in agricultural soils typically rely on crop-specific above- and belowground C inputs based on harvest yields and allometric functions. However, experimental data supporting these functions over a range of yield levels induced by different nutrient regimes are scarce. This study addresses this gap by quantifying above- and belowground harvest residues of silage maize grown in the Askov long-term experiment and subject to mineral fertilizers and animal manure applied at different levels (deficient, suboptimal, optimal, and over-optimal). Two methodological approaches (coring and excavation) were combined to quantify macro-root biomass (≥ 425 µm) in the 0–30 cm soil layer. Nutrient regime had a significant effect on maize harvest yield, but no significant effect on stubble and root biomass C was detected. The measured total above- and belowground C in harvest residues for silage maize grown with suboptimal to over-optimal nutrient supply averaged 1.67 Mg C ha−1 without including rhizodeposition. Based on a single site and one experimental year, our results suggest that soil C models may better rely on fixed C inputs from maize stubble and roots, independent of nutrient regime and harvest yield, rather than on yield-dependent allometrics. Measurements of above- and belowground harvest residues in silage maize are rare, and further studies are needed to verify the estimation of C inputs for soil C modelling.