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201. 题目: Polylactic acid microplastics induced negative priming and improved carbon sequestration via microbial processes in different paddy soils
文章编号: N24112207
期刊: Soil Biology and Biochemistry
作者: Liying Chen, Lanfang Han, Fayuan Wang, Qi'ang Chen, Hongkai Huang, Jie Wang, Chuanxin Ma, Ke Sun, Matthias C Rillig, Yakov Kuzyakov, Zhifeng Yang
更新时间: 2024-11-22
摘要: Biodegradable microplastics (MPs), which are starting to be used in large quantities in croplands, may affect the mineralization of soil organic carbon (SOC). These priming effects induced by biodegradable MPs are a very new issue, and their mechanisms as well as consequences for various soils are nearly unknown. Using stable carbon isotope signature (δ¹³C), we quantified the priming effects by adding corn (C4 plant) -based polylactic acid (PLA, δ¹³C = 11.9‰) MPs to three paddy soils with solely C3 signature: Ferralsol, Alfisol and Mollisol at two rates (0.5 and 1.0 wt%, based on the mass of MPs). After the incubation (180 days), PLA-MPs reduced the SOC mineralization in all three soils, triggering a negative priming effect. This negative priming effect was strongest in Mollisol (210-220 mg CO₂-C kg^-1). The net C balance in Mollisol was positive and clearly higher than the C amounts initially added with PLA-MPs to soils, indicating C accrual. The two main mechanisms of the negative priming effects were: i) sorptive protection of SOC and especially dissolved organic carbon (DOC) by PLA-MPs, and ii) reduction of microbial biomass and fungal diversity after PLA-MPs addition. Additionally, “switching of microbial decomposition from SOC to PLA-MPs” was pronounced in Mollisol, indicated by more PLA-MPs being mineralized. PLA-MPs thus changed the soil C dynamics mediated in part by the changes of microbial biomass, diversity, and community composition, utilization switch to new resources and decrease of SOC mineralization, all of them leading to C accumulation in soil.

202. 题目: Impact of operational parameters on degradation of nitroglycerin using biochar doped with nano zerovalent iron
文章编号: N24112206
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Roxana Rahmati, Andrew Mai, Christos Christodoulatos, Tsan-Liang Su, Washington Braida, Dibyendu Sarkar
更新时间: 2024-11-22
摘要: Wastewater from munition manufacturing facilities contains nitro compounds amenable to reductive degradation. Nanosized zero-valent iron (nZVI) offers a cost-effective solution but tends to agglomerate, reducing its efficacy. Biochar (BC), a sustainable carbon material derived from organic waste, improves nZVI’s performance by dispersing the nanoparticles and providing more active sites. This study explores the influence of reagent synthesis and reaction conditions on a rice hull biochar-supported nZVI (nZVI-RBC) system for removing nitroglycerin (NG) from untreated munitions wastewater. Key parameters examined included biochar pyrolysis temperature, iron-to-biochar ratio (Fe:BC), reagent dosage, and initial pH. The nZVI-RBC system removed over 99% of NG within 30 minutes under base conditions (Fe:BC=1:1, (Fe:BC=1:1, [nZVI_RBC400]=1 g/L, unadjusted pH), significantly outperforming pristine nZVI, which removed only 57%. Biochar improved the working pH range of nZVI particles so that nZVI-RBC was efficient over a wide pH range of 3 to 9; even in extreme alkaline condition (pH 11) it removed 94% of NG. This remarkable efficacy was observed in an open system, which is especially notable. NG treated with nZVI-RBC underwent a series of sequential reductive cleavage and denitration of the nitro groups. A degradation pathway is proposed with glycerol and ammonium being the major end-products. The reaction predominantly involved surface-mediated reductive degradation. All degradation byproducts were quantified, and carbon and nitrogen mass balances were established. The carbon mass balance was closed within 5% deviation. Nitrogen mass balance remained partially closed due to the adsorption of ammonium on the surface of biochar and ammonia volatilization.

203. 题目: Regeneration of biochars (pristine and modified/engineered) and economic analysis of their use in the removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from water/wastewater
文章编号: N24112205
期刊: Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering
作者: Shahryar Jafarinejad, Jianzhou He, Dengjun Wang
更新时间: 2024-11-22
摘要:

Currently, there is an increasing interest in developing efficient and cost-effective treatment technologies to remediate per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in water. Biochars (pristine and modified/engineered) can be a good candidate among porous pyrogenic carbonaceous materials for the sorptive removal of PFAS from water/wastewater. There is a need to focus on developing efficient, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective techniques for desorbing PFAS from spent biochars (pristine and modified/engineered) to enable potential reuse or suitable disposal of these adsorbents, facilitating their future full-scale application in the water sector. This review article briefly compiles the state-of-the-art knowledge on the: (i) application of pristine and modified/engineered biochars for the sorptive removal of PFAS from aqueous samples; (ii) regeneration/reuse techniques for the spent biochars; and (iii) economic analysis of their use in PFAS removal from water/wastewater. Further investigations on (i) better modifying/engineering biochars to remove specially short-chain PFAS species in real environmental water samples due to challenging nature of their removal using conventional treatment technologies; (ii) feasible low-energy, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective strategies for regeneration/reuse of the spent biochars (pristine and modified/engineered) and management of their end-of-life; and (iii) large-scale and continuous column sorption operation for the real water/wastewater samples are still desirable to apply biochars for PFAS removal at full-scale in the future.

204. 题目: Combining citrus waste-derived function microbes with biochar promotes humus formation by enhancing lignocellulose degradation in citrus waste compost
文章编号: N24112204
期刊: Chemosphere
作者: Jinye Li, Songwei Wu, Jixiang Zheng, Xuecheng Sun, Chengxiao Hu
更新时间: 2024-11-22
摘要: The low degradation rate of lignocellulose limits the humification process of citrus organic waste composting. This study explored the roles of general microbial inoculation (GM), citrus waste-derived function microbial inoculation (CM), and CM combined with biochar (CMB) in citrus waste compost. Results showed microbial inoculations all promoted lignocellulose degradation and humus formation, but the roles of CM and CMB were better than GM, especially CMB. Compared to the control, CMB raised the temperature and duration of thermophilic phase by 2.8 °C and 4 days, and improved lignin degradation rate and humus content by 21.5% and 7.6%. Furthermore, CMB promoted bacterial community succession and cooperation, and decreased network complexity. Moreover, CMB strengthened the correlation between mainly bacterial communities and polysaccharides, reducing sugars as well as carbohydrates metabolic, enhancing the contribution of bacteria such as Bacillus, Flavobacterium and Staphylococcus to humus and its precursors. It concludes that the naturally derived microbes in compost had better effects on promoting humus synthesis than exogenous microbes, which provides a new route for rapid humification of high-lignin organic waste in composting.

205. 题目: Phosphate-enhanced Cd stabilization in soil by sulfur-doped biochar: Reducing Cd phytoavailability and accumulation in Brassica chinensis L. and shaping the microbial community
文章编号: N24112203
期刊: Environmental Pollution
作者: Zhiqiang Jiao, Shiji Ge, Yifan Liu, Yangzhou Wang, Yong Wang, Yangyang Wang
更新时间: 2024-11-22
摘要: To explore the potential of livestock manure-derived biochar for the remediation of Cd-contaminated soil, a pot experiment was conducted to explore the stabilization efficiency of cattle manure biochar (T2, BC), sulfur-doped biochar (T3, SBC), and SBC combined with phosphate (T4, SBC-PF) on Cd in contaminated soil and their effects on Cd accumulation in Chinese cabbage (Brassica chinensis L.) and soil microorganisms. The results showed that soil available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), and organic matter (OM) significantly increased in T3 and T4, and the biomass of Chinese cabbage also increased from 0.46 g/pot to 0.57 and 1.05 g/pot, respectively. The DTPA-extractable Cd in T3 and T4 dramatically reduced by 78.6% and 91.4% (p<0.05); the acid-soluble Cd decreased by 11.3% and 13.2%; and the residual Cd increased by 30.0% and 10.0%. Most importantly, the Cd contents in T2, T3, and T4 decreased by 2.2%, 89.7%, and 93.1% in the shoots of Chinese cabbage and 21.3%, 82.2%, and 86.2% in the roots of Chinese cabbage, respectively. Moreover, SBC-PF obviously changed the bacterial community and enhanced the interactions among microbes in the soil. Structural equation modeling revealed that microbial interspecific mutualistic relationships were the key factor in the pathway for reducing Cd phytoavailability. Mantel tests and random forest analyses further revealed that biochar enhanced the interactions among microorganisms by increasing the AP content in the soil. These findings demonstrated that SBC combined with phosphate is appropriate for stabilizing Cd and improving soil quality.

206. 题目: Microbial communities in slow sand filters for drinking water treatment adapt to organic matter altered by ozonation
文章编号: N24112202
期刊: Water Research
作者: Tage Rosenqvist, Johanna Hilding, Carolina Suarez, Catherine J Paul
更新时间: 2024-11-22
摘要: Changing natural organic matter quality from anthropogenic activity and stricter requirements for micropollutant removal challenges existing systems for drinking water production. Ozonation of water followed by biofiltration, such as passage through a slow sand filter (SSF), is a partial solution. Biofiltration relies on biofilms (microbial communities within extracellular matrices). However, the effects of ozonation on SSF microbial communities are unknown. In this study, genome-resolved and read-based metagenomics were used to compare the microbial communities of two full-scale SSFs employing conventional pre-treatment to a 20 m² SSF operated in parallel with ozonation as additional pre-treatment.The SSF microbial community receiving ozonated water was less diverse than those receiving non-ozonated water. Families Hyphomicrobiaceae, Acetobacteraceae, Sphingomonadaceae and Burkholderiaceae were more abundant when ozone was used, as were genes for metabolism of single-carbon organic compounds. Conversely, genes for metabolism of aromatic compounds and fatty acids were less abundant. Metagenome assembled genomes associated with the non-ozonated SSFs were enriched with several glycoside hydrolases, while those associated with the ozonated SSF were enriched with genes for 1-2 carbon compound metabolism. No indications of increased microbial risk (pathogens or antibiotic resistance genes) were detected as a consequence of ozonation.This study shows how microbial communities of SSFs adapt to changes in organic matter quality, highlighting the key role of biofilters for production of safe and sustainable drinking water in a changing climate.

207. 题目: Alginate/MIL-88B(Fe) derived magnetic biochar bead for non-radical degradation of organic pollutant with low peroxymonosulfate consumption
文章编号: N24112201
期刊: Chemical Engineering Journal
作者: Yutong Wang, Longhui Wang, Xinyan Yu, Xianbao Shen, Lijie Xu, Ying Zhang, Jiangtao Shi, Lu Gan
更新时间: 2024-11-22
摘要: In this study, magnetic biochar bead ((AB + MIL-88)-C) was prepared by pyrolyzing MIL-88B(Fe) loaded alginate beads. The Fenton-like activity of (AB + MIL-88)-C was then investigated through activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for bisphenol A (BPA) degradation in water. The results demonstrated that (AB + MIL-88)-C exhibited superior BPA degradation capability (k = 0.160 min⁻¹) than pristine MIL-88B(Fe) and alginate bead derived catalysts (k = 0.089 & 0.008 min⁻¹), in which non-radical mechanisms including singlet oxygen (¹O₂) and electron transfer process contributed over 98 % of BPA degradation. Moreover, PMS consumption rate by (AB + MIL-88)-C during whole BPA degradation process was very low. Consequently, the non-radical pathway dominated oxidation system with low PMS consumption rate could maintain its activity regardless of the fluctuation of environmental parameters and water matrices. Besides, it was further demonstrated that the reaction system exhibited high degradation selectivity in which those pollutants with electron donating groups were more inclined to be degraded. Meanwhile, the degradation rate (lnk) of respective pollutant in the reaction system correlated well (R² = 0.97) with their highest occupied molecular orbital position. This study provides a strategy for the development of non-radical oxidation systems with high pollutant degradation efficiency, stability and selectivity.

208. 题目: Microbial necromass carbon contributed to soil organic carbon accumulation and stabilization in the newly formed inland wetlands
文章编号: N24112113
期刊: Environmental Research
作者: Xiaoke Liu, Yijing Wang, Yongkang Zhao, Xuan Zhang, Yan Wang, Qingqing Cao, Jian Liu
更新时间: 2024-11-21
摘要: Inland wetlands might be an important “carbon sink”, and the chronosequence development of newly formed inland wetlands offers a natural and suitable opportunity for studying the dynamic effect of plant and microbial necromass carbon (PlantC and MNC) on the soil organic carbon (SOC) stabilization. The space-for-time chronosequence approach was used and plots were established in the three ages of newly formed inland wetlands (2, 5, and 16 years). Soil samples were collected in the surface (0–10 cm) and subsurface soil (20–30 cm). Results showed that accumulation of SOC, PlantC, and MNC were significantly larger in the surface than those in the subsurface soil. Moreover, MNC stocks were more abundant than PlantC in the wetland ecosystem both in the surface and subsurface soil. During the chronosequence development, dynamics of SOC and its components accumulation were similar to MNC, both exhibiting an increasing and then decreasing trend in the surface and subsurface soil, except for free particulate organic carbon in the subsurface soil. Structural equation models revealed that changes of MNC affected by environmental variables were the main cause of MAOC dynamics both in the surface and subsurface soil, suggesting that contribution of MNC to MAOC would be the key way of carbon stabilization in the newly formed inland wetlands. Furthermore, MNC accumulation in the surface soil was closely linked to pH, CEC, and soil texture, while in the subsurface soil affected by soil nutrients (TN and NH₄⁺-N). Particularly, despite the decreasing SOC stocks in the 16-year wetland, the stability has significantly enhanced due to the increasing persistent individual amino sugars. This study provides new information on the dynamics of SOC accumulation and highlights the significance of MNC on the SOC sequestration in the newly formed inland wetlands, which is important for the understanding of wetland SOC stock dynamics and stabilization mechanisms.

209. 题目: Old Carbon, New Insights: Thermal Reactivity and Bioavailability of Saltmarsh Soils
文章编号: N24112112
期刊: Biogeosciences
作者: Alex Houston, Mark H Garnett, Jo Smith, William E N Austin
更新时间: 2024-11-21
摘要: . Saltmarshes are globally important coastal wetlands which can store carbon for millennia, helping to mitigate the impacts of climate change. They accumulate organic carbon from both autochthonous sources (above- and belowground plant production) and allochthonous sources (terrestrial and marine sediments deposited during tidal inundation). Previous studies have found that long-term organic carbon storage in saltmarsh soils is driven by the pre-aged allochthonous fraction, implying that autochthonous organic carbon is recycled at a faster rate. However, it is also acknowledged that the bioavailability of soil organic carbon depends as much upon environmental conditions as the reactivity of the organic carbon itself. Until now, there has been no empirical evidence linking the reactivity of saltmarsh soil organic carbon with its bioavailability for remineralization. We found that the ¹⁴C age of CO₂ produced during ramped oxidation of soils from the same saltmarsh ranged from 201 to 14,875 years BP, and that ¹⁴C-depleted (older) carbon evolved from higher temperature ramped oxidation fractions, indicating that older carbon dominates the thermally recalcitrant fractions. In most cases, the ¹⁴C content of the lowest temperature ramped oxidation fraction (the most thermally labile organic C source) was closest to the previously reported ¹⁴C content of the CO₂ evolved from aerobic incubations of the same soils, implying that the latter was from a thermally labile organic carbon source. This implies that the bioavailability of saltmarsh soil organic carbon to remineralisation in oxic conditions is closely related to its thermal reactivity. Management interventions (e.g. rewetting by tidal inundation) to limit the exposure of saltmarsh soils to elevated oxygen availability may help to protect and conserve these stores of old, labile organic carbon and hence limit CO₂ emissions.

210. 题目: Observational benchmarks inform representation of soil organic carbon dynamics in land surface models
文章编号: N24112111
期刊: Biogeosciences
作者: Kamal Nyaupane, Umakant Mishra, Feng Tao, Kyongmin Yeo, William J Riley, Forrest M Hoffman, Sagar Gautam
更新时间: 2024-11-21
摘要: . Representing soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics in Earth system models (ESMs) is a key source of uncertainty in predicting carbon–climate feedbacks. Machine learning models can help identify dominant environmental controllers and establish their functional relationships with SOC stocks. The resulting knowledge can be integrated into ESMs to reduce uncertainty and improve predictions of SOC dynamics over space and time. In this study, we used a large number of SOC field observations (n=54 000), geospatial datasets of environmental factors (n=46), and two machine learning approaches (namely random forest, RF, and generalized additive modeling, GAM) to (1) identify dominant environmental controllers of global and biome-specific SOC stocks, (2) derive functional relationships between environmental controllers and SOC stocks, and (3) compare the identified environmental controllers and predictive relationships with those in models used in Phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). Our results showed that the diurnal temperature, drought index, cation exchange capacity, and precipitation were important observed environmental predictors of global SOC stocks. While the RF model identified 14 environmental factors that describe climatic, vegetation, and edaphic conditions as important predictors of global SOC stocks (R2=0.61, RMSE = 0.46 kg m−2), current ESMs oversimplify the relationships between environmental factors and SOC, with precipitation, temperature, and net primary productivity explaining > 96 % of the variability in ESM-modeled SOC stocks. Further, our study revealed notable disparities among the functional relationships between environmental factors and SOC stocks simulated by ESMs compared with observed relationships. To improve SOC representations in ESMs, it is imperative to incorporate additional environmental controls, such as the cation exchange capacity, and refine the functional relationships to align more closely with observations.

211. 题目: Efficient removal of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) from aqueous solution using modified biochar: Preparation, performance, and mechanistic insights
文章编号: N24112110
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Waqas Niaz, Dahai Zhang, Zia Ahmad, Nan Shen, Waqas Haider, Imran Ali, Muhammad Usman, Abdul Majid, Sheikh Fahad Javaid, Muhammad Ahsan Amjed, Xianguo Li
更新时间: 2024-11-21
摘要: Recently, per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been considered as refractory toxic pollutants because of their environmental persistence and toxicity to human life. Thus, effectively removing PFAS is important to safeguard aquatic and biotic life. Regarding this, MgO and MgFe₂O₄ magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were integrated with biochar via the combination of co-precipitation and slow pyrolysis approach to remove toxic perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic (PFOS) acid from synthetic aqueous solution. The as-prepared modified nanocomposites were well characterized using various analytical techniques, such as Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM), and Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The exceptional ability of the nanocomposites that were synthesized for the removal of PFOA and PFOS was confirmed by analyzing significant parameters such as the dose of adsorbent used (0.025-0.175 g.L^-1), the contact time (0-48 h), the pH level (4-10), and the salinity level (0.1-0.5 mg.L^-1). Under optimized conditions, as compared to P-BC and Mg-BC, MgFe₂O₄-BC exhibited higher adsorption capacity for PFOA and PFOS, 2876.05 µg/g and 7290.52 µg/g, respectively. The as-prepared nanocomposites have shown exceptional selectivity against PFOA/PFOS and have retained an efficiency of over 80% in up to five consecutive cycles. The proposed mechanism of PFOA/PFOS with MgFe₂O₄-BC revealed that the electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions are the main driving factors for sorption. Thus, our newly configured MgFe₂O₄-BC has offered valuable discernment into developing biochar-based magnetic nanocomposites to eradicate PFOA and PFOS from water bodies cost-effectively.

212. 题目: Variation in photoactivity of dissolved black carbon during the fractionation process and the role in the photodegradation of various antibiotics
文章编号: N24112109
期刊: Journal of Hazardous Materials
作者: Yaqi Kang, Zhenkun Chu, Xiaoyun Xie, Liangyu Li, Jiani Hu, Siting Li, Zhaowei Wang
更新时间: 2024-11-21
摘要: The composition of dissolved black carbon (DBC) could be influenced by adsorption on minerals, subsequently affecting DBC’s photoactivity and the photoconversion of contaminants. This study investigated the changes in photoactivity of DBC after absorption on ferrihydrite at Fe/C ratios of 0, 1.75, 7.50, and 11.25, compared the influences of DBC0 and DBC7.50 on the photodegradation of four typical antibiotics (AB) including sulfadiazine, tetracycline, ofloxacin, and chloramphenicol. The selective adsorption led to the compounds with high aromaticity, high oxidation states, and more oxygen-containing functional groups being more favorably adsorbed on ferrihydrite, further causing the steady-state concentrations of 3DBC*, 1O2, and •OH respectively to drop from 1.83 × 10−13 M, 7.45 × 10−13 M, and 3.32 × 10−16 M in DBC0 to 1.22 × 10−13 M, 0.93 × 10−13 M and 2.30 × 10−16 M in DBC11.25, while the light screening effect factor increased from 0.740–0.921 in DBC0 with above four antibiotics to 0.775–0.970 for that of DBC11.25. Unexpectedly, DBC after adsorption played a dual role in the photodegradation of various antibiotics. This difference might be caused by antibiotics’ chemical composition, functional groups interacting with reactive intermediates, and the overlap in UV–vis spectra between antibiotics and DBC. Our data are valuable for understanding the dynamic roles of DBC in the photodegradation of antibiotics.

213. 题目: Quantifying and visualizing soil macroaggregate pore structure and particulate organic matter in a Vertisol under various straw return practices using X-ray computed tomography
文章编号: N24112108
期刊: Geoderma
作者: Zichun Guo, Tianyu Ding, Yuekai Wang, Ping Zhang, Lei Gao, Xinhua Peng
更新时间: 2024-11-21
摘要: The structure of soil pores plays a crucial role in determining the distribution and retention of particulate organic matter (POM) within soil aggregates, yet the specific effects of different straw return practices on POM stabilization through soil pore structure remain poorly understood. This study aimed to quantify and visualize soil macroaggregates POM distribution and pore structure using advanced X-ray computed tomography (CT) and image processing techniques under three straw return practices: no-tillage with straw mulching (NTS), traditional rotary tillage with straw incorporation (RTS), and deep plowing with straw incorporation (DPS) in a Vertisol. A total of 27 soil aggregates (4–6 mm) from soil depths of 0–10, 10–20, and 20–40 cm were analyzed at an 8-μm resolution. The results showed that NTS significantly increased POM content and surface area density in the 0–10 cm soil layer compared to RTS. In contrast, DPS was most effective in deeper soil layers (20–40 cm), maintaining high POM content and promoting the development of extensive and well-connected pore networks, as evidenced by significantly higher connected porosity and mean breadth density of POM. Additionally, strong positive correlations were observed between POM content, connected porosity, and pore connectivity (P < 0.05). These findings highlight the importance of selecting appropriate straw return practices to optimize POM retention and enhance soil C storage, particularly in the context of sustainable soil management in Vertisols.

214. 题目: Keystone taxa drive the synchronous production of methane and refractory dissolved organic matter in inland waters
文章编号: N24112107
期刊: Water Research
作者: Xinjie Shi, Wanzhu Li, Baoli Wang, Na Liu, Xia Liang, Meiling Yang, Cong-Qiang Liu
更新时间: 2024-11-21
摘要: The production of both methane (CH4) and refractory dissolved organic matter (RDOM) depends on microbial consortia in inland waters, and it is unclear yet the link of these two processes and the underlying microbial regulation mechanisms. Therefore, a large-scale survey was conducted in China's inland waters, with the measurement of CH4 concentrations, DOM chemical composition, microbial community composition, and relative environmental parameters mainly by chromatographic, optical, mass spectrometric, and high-throughput sequencing analyses, to clarify the abovementioned questions. Here, we found a synchronous production of CH4 and RDOM linked by microbial consortia in inland waters. The increasing microbial cooperation driven by the keystone taxa (mainly Fluviicola and Polynucleobacter) could promote the transformation of labile DOM into RDOM and meanwhile benefit methanogenic microbial communities to produce CH4. As such, CH4 and RDOM showed consistent spatial differences, which were mainly influenced by total nitrogen and dissolved oxygen concentrations. This finding deepened the understanding of microbial-driven carbon transformation and will help to more accurately evaluate the carbon source-sink relationship in inland waters.

215. 题目: Planting Enhances Soil Resistance to Microplastics: Evidence from Carbon Emissions and Dissolved Organic Matter Stability
文章编号: N24112106
期刊: Environmental Science & Technology
作者: Qi Wang, Weitao Liu, Qixing Zhou, Shuting Wang, Fan Mo, Xinyi Wu, Jianling Wang, Ruiying Shi, Xiang Li, Chuan Yin, Yuebing Sun
更新时间: 2024-11-21
摘要: Microplastics (MPs) have become a global hotspot due to their widespread distribution in recent years. MPs frequently interact with dissolved organic matter (DOM) and microbes, thereby influencing the carbon fate of soils. However, the role of plant presence in regulating MPs-mediated changes in the DOM and microbial structure remains unclear. Here, we compared the mechanisms of soil response to 3 common nonbiodegradable MPs in the absence or presence of radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. radculus Pers) plants. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) analysis revealed that MPs reduced the chemodiversity and biodiversity of dissolved organic matter (DOM). MPs enhanced the degradation of lignin-like compounds and reduced the DOM stability. Comparative analysis showed that MPs caused less disturbance to the microbial composition and metabolism in planted soil than in unplanted soil. In unplanted soil, MPs stimulated fermentation while upregulating photoautotrophic activity in planted soil, thereby enhancing system stability. The rhizosphere effect mitigated MPs-induced CO₂ emissions. Overall, our study highlights the crucial role of rhizosphere effects in maintaining ecosystem stability under soil microbe-DOM-pollutant interactions, which provides a theoretical basis for predicting the resistance, resilience, and transitions of the ecosystem upon exposure to the anthropogenic carbon source.

216. 题目: Has lake brownification ceased? Stabilization, re-browning, and other factors associated with dissolved organic matter trends in eastern Canadian lakes
文章编号: N24112105
期刊: Water Research
作者: Md Noim Imtiazy, Andrew M Paterson, Scott N Higgins, Huaxia Yao, Daniel Houle, Jeff J Hudson
更新时间: 2024-11-21
摘要: The increase in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in freshwater systems has received considerable attention due to its implications for drinking water treatment and numerous limnological processes. While past studies have documented the influence of recovery from acidification and climate change on long-term DOC trends, the emerging importance of these explanatory factors remains less understood. In addition, few studies have followed up on recent trends in sites that have undergone increases in DOC. Using a dataset from 1980 to 2020, we investigated interannual variations in DOC and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in 49 lakes across four eastern Canadian regions with a history of increases in DOC. We identified recent shifts in DOC patterns using LOESS smoothing and piecewise regression. We observed a stabilizing pattern or even a decrease (p < 0.001) in high acidification regions (Dorset and Nova Scotia), where increases in DOC were previously documented. At the low acid deposition region, IISD-Experimental Lakes Area, an increasing pattern in DOC stabilized in the early 2000s; however, DOC appears to be increasing again in recent years (p = 0.03). Our analysis identified precipitation and SO₄ deposition as the primary explanatory variables for DOC patterns (explaining 56–71% of variance). However, because acid deposition has declined substantially, climate and local watershed factors are becoming increasingly influential, leading to the emergence of new DOC patterns. Long-term changes in DOC and DON were not always synchronous, as these were often correlated with different factors (e.g., DON with ammonium deposition). This resulted in observable shifts in DOC:DON ratios, indicative of changes in dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition. We underscore the importance of ongoing monitoring in diverse regions because of the changing nature of environmental variables and new emerging trends.

217. 题目: Biochar enhances soil hydrological function by improving the pore structure of saline soil
文章编号: N24112104
期刊: Agricultural Water Management
作者: Angyuan Jia, Xiaojun Song, Shengping Li, Zhipeng Liu, Xiaotong Liu, Zixuan Han, Huizhou Gao, Qiqi Gao, Yan Zha, Ying Liu, Xueping Wu, Gang Wang
更新时间: 2024-11-21
摘要: The poor soil structure caused by salinization is a major factor affecting crop growth and soil structure will further affect hydrological function. Biochar is widely used to improve soil physical structure because of its special porous material. However, the mechanism of soil pore structure on hydrological function (e.g., soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, plant available water, least limiting water range) after biochar incorporation in saline soil remains unclear. Therefore, the present study examined the response of soil structural properties of different biochar addition in saline clay loam, and subsequently assessed how the pore structure influence soil hydrological function. The study involved four treatments: CK (Control)、C1 (7.5 t ha−1 biochar)、C2 (15 t ha−1 biochar)、C3 (30 t ha−1 biochar). Soil aggregate stability increased from 15 % to 30 % when the amount of biochar addition increased from 7.5 t ha−1 to 30 t ha−1. The highest connectivity index (2.36) and the highest fractal dimension (2.56) were found at the biochar addition of 30 t ha−1. Biochar addition reduced the proportion of small pores (<50 µm pore size) at both soil depths of 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm, whereas increased the proportion of large pores (>300 µm pore size). Biochar amendment reduced the soil penetration resistance, with the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, plant available water and the least limiting water range were measured 46 %, 27 % and 40 % greater in rate of 30 t ha−1 biochar addition as compared with those of the CK, respectively. Pearson’s correlation analysis and redundancy analysis revealed that the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity was positively correlated with large pores (diameter >300 μm) and pore connectivity (p < 0.05). The lowest least limiting water range of the CK was primarily constrained by a relatively higher penetration resistance. The improved pore connectivity and elongated pore structures were the key responsible for the reduced penetration resistance in biochar-amended soil, which subsequently increased the least limiting water range. These quantitative estimates highlight the positive effects of biochar amendment-induced soil pore structure alternations towards improving soil hydrological functionalities. These findings are essential for devising effective strategies to enhance sustainable agriculture in saline soils.

218. 题目: Molecular Characteristics of Organic Matters in PM2.5 Associated with Upregulation of Respiratory Virus Infection in Vitro
文章编号: N24112103
期刊: Journal of Hazardous Materials
作者: Juying Lin, Wei Sun, Shuyi Peng, Yaohao Hu, Guohua Zhang, Wei Song, Bin Jiang, Yuhong Liao, Chenglei Pei, Jinpu Zhang, Jianwei Dai, Xinming Wang, Ping’an Peng, Xinhui Bi
更新时间: 2024-11-21
摘要: The extent to which organic matters (OM) in PM_2.5 affect virus infections and the key organic molecules involved in this process remain unclear. Herein, this study utilized ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry coupled with in vitro experiments to identify the organic molecules associated with respiratory virus infection for the first time. Water-soluble organic matters (WSOM) and water-insoluble organic matters (WIOM) were separated from PM_2.5 samples collected at the urban area of Guangzhou, China. Their molecular compositions were analyzed using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Subsequently, in vitro experiments were conducted to explore the impact of WSOM and WIOM exposure on the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pseudo-virus infection in A549 cells. Results revealed that WSOM and WIOM respectively promoted 1.7 to 2.1-fold and 1.9 to 3.5-fold upregulation of SARS-CoV-2 pseudo-virus infection in a concentration-dependent manner (at 25 to 100 μg mL^-1) compared to the virus-only control group. Partial least squares model analysis indicated that the increased virus infection was likely related to phthalate ester and nitro-aromatic molecules in WSOM, as well as Lipid_C molecules with aliphatic and olefinic structures in WIOM. Interestingly, the molecules responsible for upregulating SARS-CoV-2 receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression and virus infection differed. Thus, it was concluded that ACE2 upregulation alone may not fully elucidate the mechanisms underlying increased susceptibility to virus infection. The findings highlight the critical importance of aromatic and lipid molecules found in OM in relation to respiratory virus infection.

219. 题目: Catalytic Degradation of Acid Orange 7 Using CoFe2O4@Biochar Heterogeneous Catalytic Ozonation Process in Aqueous Solutions
文章编号: N24112102
期刊: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution
作者: Fatemeh Bazipour, Sahand Jorfi, Heydar Maleki, AliAkbar Babaei
更新时间: 2024-11-21
摘要:

The aim of this study is to propose a new catalyst for catalytic ozonation of acid orange 7 (AO7) dye in aqueous solutions. CoFe₂O₄@Biochar catalyst was synthesized, prepared, and used in a heterogeneous catalytic ozonation process (COP) for AO7 removal. The characteristics of synthetized nanoparticles were investigated through the following equipment: x-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analyses. The results showed that the process offered a sufficient efficiency for removal of 150 and 200 mg/L concentrations of AO7. Moreover, CO₃^2-, NO₃^-, Cl^- and PO₄^3- anions had a decreasing effect on the efficiency. The results of the scavenger experiments showed that the hydroxyl radical and ozone oxidants played the primary role for decomposition of the pollutants. The removal efficiency of total organic carbon (TOC) was 99% after 120 min by COP which was 44% more than the Single Ozonation Process (SOP). COP also caused the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) by 92% after 360 min. Based on the results, the COP with CoFe₂O₄@Biochar catalyst can be an effective and efficient process for treating textile wastewaters.

220. 题目: Hyphosphere core taxa link plant-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi combinations to soil organic phosphorus mineralization
文章编号: N24112101
期刊: Soil Biology and Biochemistry
作者: Letian Wang, Lin Zhang, Timothy S George, Gu Feng
更新时间: 2024-11-21
摘要: Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi acquire photosynthetically fixed carbon (C) from host plants and transport some of it to hyphosphere bacteria via an extensive extraradical hyphal network. The hyphosphere microbiome, fostered by hyphal exudates, is crucial for AM fungi to access soil organic phosphorus (Po) and enhance plant growth, but the impact of plant-AM fungal combinations is still not well-elucidated. To answer this question, we selected two plant species with differing photosynthetic efficiency, medic (a C₃ plant) and maize (a C₄ plant), along with four AM fungal species, and successfully established various plant-AM fungal combinations. We examined the growth of plants and AM fungi, the mineralization process of soil Po, and the absolute quantity, community composition, and metabolic preferences of the hyphosphere microbiome.Maize-AM fungi combinations exhibited greater abilities to increase soil phosphatase activity and promote Po mineralization compared to medic-AM fungi combinations. This was related to substantial disparities in the hyphosphere core microbiome between maize and medic. Massilia, a pivotal member of the core microbiome and a keystone taxon within the hyphosphere network, showed a notably greater relative abundance in maize-AM fungal systems than in the medic treatment. Thirteen core bacterial strains isolated from the hyphosphere showed a universal ability to secrete phosphatase, with Massilia being the most proficient. Additionally, community level physiological profiles showed that the maize-associated hyphosphere microbiomes had a heightened capacity for metabolizing fructose and glucose, key components of hyphal exudates.Our study demonstrates that different combinations of plants and AM fungal species modulate the relative abundance of the core taxon through hyphal exudates, thus influencing the functionality of hyphosphere microbiomes for Po mineralization in the phytate-enriched soil. This provides novel insights into AM symbiosis for nutrient cycling and underscores the potential of tailored plant-fungal pairings in improving agricultural nutrient management and soil health.