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22901. 题目: Study of organic pollution in superficial sediments of Meliane river catchment area: aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons | |||||
22902. 题目: Behavior and mechanism of low-concentration rare earth ions precipitated by the microbial humic-like acids | |||||
22903. 题目: Modeling the effects of humic acid and anoxic condition on phosphate adsorption onto goethite Low redox potential in flooded soils may affect phosphate bioavailability by reducing iron oxides or formation of new minerals. To investigate phosphate behavior in anoxic conditions, goethite was selected as a soil model and coated by humic acid (HA) and sodium borohydride was used as a reducing agent. Adsorption experiments were conducted in 0.1 M NaNO3 as a function of pH in oxic (Eh = +254 to +448 mV) and suboxic (Eh = −162 to +167 mV) conditions for four phosphate concentrations (0.05–0.8 mM). CD-MUSIC and NOM-CD models in combination with Extended Stern model were used to describe the experimental data. Results show that by increasing pH and carbon content in the organo-mineral composites, the released phosphate to the solution increases in both oxic and suboxic conditions. In suboxic conditions, as a result of sodium borohydride dissociation in water and consequently boron release to the solution, at high loading of boron and low loading of phosphate, boron can compete with phosphate for the surface reactive sites and decrease its adsorption. On the other hand, ferrous iron can attenuate boron effect and promote phosphate adsorption. The results indicated that goethite surface is resistant to the reductive transformation that may occur at relatively low redox potential due to its high crystalline character and thermodynamic stability. HA may, however, promote the formation of amorphous iron phases, which consequently might induce phosphate adsorption in OM-mineral composites. The derived affinity constants in oxic conditions described the experimental data of suboxic conditions reasonably well. | |||||
22904. 题目: Mechanism of Cr(VI) reduction by humin: Role of environmentally persistent free radicals and reactive oxygen species Humic substances, especially humin (HM) in its solid phase, is considered to be the main electron donor during the reduction of Cr(VI) in the environment. This work explores the reaction mechanism between Cr(VI) and the functional groups contained in HM, environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). We examine the changes in the functional groups, EPFRs, and ROS on HM during the reaction, and inhibit the production of ROS to verify their effect. Our results demonstrate that the carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl groups contained in HM are consumed during the reaction. The phenolic hydroxyl group can directly react with Cr(VI) as an electron donor, and can also transfer electrons to molecular oxygen to generate superoxide radicals to reduce Cr(VI). EPFRs also exhibit the same reaction pathway. The molecular oxygen in the solution gains electrons to generate O2·-, which further reacts with Cr(VI) to reduce it to Cr(III). The production and effect of active oxygen are verified by removing oxygen from the solution. In this study, the contribution of active oxygen to the reduction of Cr(VI) is approximately 30%. This study provides theoretical support for revealing the effects of humic substances on the conversion of Cr(VI). | |||||
22905. 题目: Occurrence and sources of chromophoric organic carbon in fine particulate matter over Xi'an, China Understanding the characteristics and sources of atmospheric chromophores is essential to assess their impact on climate change and the quality of atmospheric environment. In this work, the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) samples of Xi'an, China in 2017 were analyzed by excitation-emission matrices and parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) method to obtain the species, content, sources and seasonal variation characteristics of atmospheric chromophores. The results showed that humic-like (HULIS) chromophores and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-like (PAHs-like) chromophores were the most abundant chromophores in the samples, accounting for 42% and 33%, respectively. With the aggravation of air pollution, the relative content of low-polarity chromophores increased markedly, while the relative content of polar chromophores decreased. The concentrations of atmospheric chromophores exhibited obvious seasonal variation characteristics: high in winter and low in summer. Similarly, the relative contributions of atmospheric chromophores from each source varied with the season. In addition, special weather and human activities had a significant influence on the source of atmospheric chromophores. Dust source was an important source of atmospheric chromophores, which was susceptible to long-range incoming air masses from northwestern regions in spring. However, the chromophores from the dust source were easily removed by wet precipitation, which was the same as the chromophores from the combustion source. The chromophores from the combustion source were susceptible to human activities. The contribution of combustion source to atmospheric chromophores was reduced due to the implementation of air pollution control policies during the Chinese Spring Festival. In summer, the formation of photochemical secondary chromophores was more significant than in other seasons, and the photochemical secondary chromophores increased due to the formation of liquid phase reactions under high relative humidity conditions. | |||||
22906. 题目: Adsorption behavior of Cr(VI) by magnetically modified Enteromorpha prolifera based biochar and the toxicity analysis Enteromorpha prolifera (EP) biomass collected from a lake in China was employed for biochar production. The EP biochar was magnetically modified by loading γ-Fe2O3 particles on the surface, and Cr(VI) adsorption behavior and mechanism were evaluated. The magnetic biochar had higher surface polarity, specific surface area and exhibited a higher Cr(VI) adsorption capacity of 95.23 mg/g biochar compared with pristine EP biochar. The pronounced electron spin resonance (ESR) signals showed that the environmental persistent free radicals (EPFRs) preferred to form at lower pyrolysis temperature and lower transition metal concentration. The factors of BC400, BC800 and BCF400 were 1.8959, 1.7955 and 1.7954, respectively, indicating that the EPFRs mainly used carbon atom as center. In addition, biological toxicity of magnetic EP biochar was tested using the microalga Scenedesmus obliquus. Exposure of S. obliquus cells to magnetic biochar led to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. The leaching solution toxicity of BCF400 was stronger than BCF800. Thus, the magnetic EP biochar prepared at higher temperature (such as BCF800) provide better Cr (VI) performance with low biologic toxicity. And the EP biomass could be a promising low-cost feedstock for biochar production. | |||||
22907. 题目: Indication of primary biogenic contribution to BrC over a high altitude location in the southeastern Tibet To investigate the characteristics of primary biogenic organic aerosol (PBOA) and correlations with brown carbon (BrC) light absorption in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau (TP), the total suspended particle (TSP) samples were collected at a high altitude site (Lulang) from November 2015 to November 2016. The seasonal variations of PBOA tracers (including arabitol, mannitol, and glucose) were obtained. Elevated arabitol, mannitol and glucose concentrations were observed in monsoon (54, 10 and 18 times higher than in winter, respectively), largely due to the intensive contributions of seasonal biological origin. The highest percentages of fungal-spore-derived organic carbon (OC) and plant-debris OC were obtained in monsoon season with 23.4% and 4.0%, respectively. The results indicated that monsoon PBOA can be the contributor to BrC chromophores in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. Further studies are needed to investigate the relation between PBOA components and BrC light absorption properties. | |||||
22908. 题目: Influence of biofilm on the transport and deposition behaviors of nano- and micro-plastic particles in quartz sand Biofilm, community of bacteria ubiquitously present in natural environment, may interact with plastic particles and affect the transport of plastic particles in environment. The significance of biofilm (Escherichia coli) on the transport and deposition behaviors of three different sized plastic particles (0.02 μm NPs, 0.2 μm MP and 2 μm MP) were examined under both 10 mM and 50 mM NaCl solutions by comparing the breakthrough curves and retained profiles of plastic particles in bare sand versus those in biofilm-coated sand. Regardless of ionic strengths, the presence of biofilm increases the deposition of all three sized plastic particles in porous media. Via employing X-ray microtomography imaging (XMT) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM), we find that the presence of biofilm could narrow the flow path especially near to the inlet of the column and increase the surface roughness of porous media (by decreasing DLVO repulsive interaction), which contributes to the enhanced the deposition of plastic particles. Packed column experiments, quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) as well as a parallel plate flow chamber experiments all show that extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) present on the biofilm contributes to the enhanced deposition of plastic particles. Three major components of EPS, proteins, polysaccharide, and humic substances all contribute to the enhanced deposition of plastic particles. O–H and N–H groups present on cell surfaces are highly likely to form hydrogen bond with plastic particles and increase the deposition plastic particles. Elution experiments show that decreasing solution ionic strength could release small portion of plastic particles from both bare and biofilm-coated sand columns especially from the segments near to the column inlet (with slighter lower percentage from biofilm-coated columns based on the total mass of retained plastics). In contrast, increasing flow rate does not obviously detach the plastic particles that already deposited onto porous media. The results of this study clearly show that the presence of biofilm in natural environment could enhance the deposition and decrease the transport of plastic particles. | |||||
22909. 题目: The red coloration of Goikoetre Cave's speleothems (Busturia, Spain): An indicator of paleoclimatic changes The most commonly used paleoclimatic proxies in speleothem studies are the carbon and oxygen stable isotopes and the trace elements of calcite. However, assessing the incorporation of other components, such as organic matter, may also be of interest in interpreting and reconstructing the climate during speleothem growth. In this work, the incorporation of humic and fulvic acids derived from overlying soils is proposed as the cause of the red coloration of speleothems from the Goikoetxe Cave (Busturia, Bizkaia). Through the application of petrological studies combined with X-ray fluorescence, UV luminescence, Raman spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, it has been possible to correlate a variation of organic content in the overlying soils and the red coloration, being this stain a main proxy to study and reconstruct the seasonal paleoclimatic parameters during the speleothem formation. | |||||
22910. 题目: Removal of orthophosphate and dissolved organic phosphorus from synthetic wastewater in a combined struvite precipitation-adsorption system In secondary and advanced tertiary phosphorus removal processes from wastewater, orthophosphate phosphorus (P-OP) is nearly completely eliminated, and dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) becomes the dominant fraction. Therefore, DOP contributes substantially to the total phosphorus (TP) in effluents, and hence, any improvement in TP removal requires improvements in DOP elimination. Accordingly, the challenge is to remove DOP to achieve increasingly lower phosphorus concentrations below the concentrations reliably attainable with currently available technologies. Nevertheless, no specific technologies have been implemented to target the removal of this fraction. This work proposes a struvite precipitation process to remove P-OP combined with the removal of DOP by adsorption on struvite. The adsorption capability of phytic acid (PA) on struvite yielded a final DOP concentration <0.55 mg·L−1 when starting from an initial DOP concentration of 70 mg·L−1. Struvite that was previously prepared also exhibited P-OP adsorptive capability. This effect contributes to increasing removal efficiency from 59.5 % with struvite precipitation as the only removal process, to 99.2 % in a combined precipitation-adsorption system with added adsorbent for: P-OP: 70 mg·L−1, Mg/P-OP = 1.5 and 1.5 mmol·L−1 NaOH. The SEM-EDS results of the selected regions of recovered precipitates revealed that the particles were composed of C, N, Mg, P and O. Surface atomic composition did not coincide with fresh adsorbent (pure struvite) and differed from one zone to another. Moreover, the signal of C in the surface of some samples, the absence of N on some surface regions and the P-PA quantified by extraction with H2SO4, are evidences that support the hypothesis of the phytate and orthophosphate adsorption. | |||||
22911. 题目: Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Biogenic Municipal Solid Waste under reduced H2 atmosphere for Biocrude and Biochemicals in Biorefinery Format Municipal solid waste (MSW), an inexorable by-product of anthropogenic activities composes nearly 50% of the organic (Biogenic) fraction. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) was employed to facilitate thermal depolymerization of organic fraction of MSW to biocrude at elevated temperature and pressure in the sub-critical region. Food, vegetable, and composite wastes were used as HTL feedstocks at 200°C, and 100 bars pressure (1 h) in H2 atmosphere to obtain HTL liquor (biocrude and aqueous phase), biochar and bio-gas. The biocrude (HTLOF) contained majorly middle oil fraction along with various compounds (C6-C22) specifically, Hydrocarbons (aliphatic and aromatic), fatty acids, and furfurals, wherein, composite waste resulted in relatively higher biocrude. The aqueous phase (HTLAF) showed reducing sugars, sotolon and furfurals. Biochar (HTLBC) was composed of maximum carbon followed by hydrogen and oxygen. A strategy with H2 induced conversion of the biogenic MSW to various biobased products including fuels supports biorefinery. | |||||
22912. 题目: Enhancement of biogas production from wastewater sludge via anaerobic digestion assisted with biochar amendment Studies have shown that biochar enhances methane formation due to the presence of redox active moieties and its conductive properties. This study investigated the influence of biochar, which was produced from Douglas fir pyrolysis, on biogas production and microbial community during anaerobic digestion (AD) of wastewater sludge. The results showed that biochar significantly enhances methane (CH4) production rate and increases its final yield during AD. The cumulative highest CH4 production obtaining in cultures with DF500 (biochar from Douglas fir at 500 °C) were about 11.13% and 97.89% more than the culture without biochar at 37 °C and 25 °C AD temperature, respectively. At 55 °C, the maximum CH4 yield reached 172.31 ml/COD with DF730, which was about 48.25% more than control culture. The microbial community analysis results showed that biochar could up-regulate the role of micro-ecology especially the methanogens and improve the AD process. | |||||
22913. 题目: Paleoproductivity of the Chang 7 unit in the Ordos Basin (North China) and its controlling factors Primary paleoproductivity provides basic organic matter for the formation of high-quality hydrocarbon source rock. A progressive method to quantitatively calculate paleoproductivity on the basis of total organic carbon (TOC) has been proposed to evaluate the contribution of primary paleoproductivity to a hydrocarbon source rock with high organic matter abundance. In this study, pyrite contents, organic maceral compositions and high-resolution sedimentation rates (SRs) were used to recover the amount of organic matter oxidation and to exclude the effect of terrestrial clastic input during the deposition of the Chang 7 sediment. Multiple calculation methods were used to quantitatively reconstruct paleoproductivity, and the results suggest that the Ordos Basin was a eutrophic lacustrine basin (approximately 2 × 104 mg C cm−2 kyr−1 to 10 × 104 mg C cm−2 kyr−1) during the Chang 7 stage compared with modern lake productivity. The paleoclimatic analysis indicates that a warm humid paleoclimate was beneficial for increasing the weathering intensity, which could have provided more nutrient inputs to the depositional environment with incoming terrestrial debris. In addition, the plate collision between the North China Block and Yangtze Block generated moderate volcanic ash that spread to the study area and provided large amounts of essential nutrients for algae blooms. Moreover, a brackish water condition promoted upward mixing of deep water, which inhibited water mass stratification and then facilitated primary paleoproductivity. In general, the Chang 7 high-quality hydrocarbon source rock is a result of increased paleoproductivity resulting from suitable paleoclimate conditions, brackish water masses and abundant essential nutrient inputs. | |||||
22914. 题目: Organic matter geochemical signatures of sediments of Lake Ngoring (Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau): A record of environmental and climatic changes in the source area of the Yellow River for the last 1500 years The climate history of the source area of the Yellow River (SAYR) is important to understanding the pacing and processes of climate evolution on the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). To date, results of research in this alpine region are limited. Herein, we provide a first lacustrine record from the largest freshwater lake on the QTP that archives climatic and environmental variations in the SAYR for the last 1500 yr. The bulk organic carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions (δ13Corg and δ15Ntot) are combined with atomic carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios to indicate that the sedimentary organic matter in Lake Ngoring originates from autochthonous algae and that the terrestrial input is minor. Comparison of the record of organic carbon isotope values with published records of ice accumulation rate (IAR) of Dunde and Guliya glaciers from the northern QTP, the total solar irradiance (TSI), δ18O variations in the Greenland ice core and biologically sensitive indicators (C37:4 alkenone, crenarchaeol and bGDGT concentrations) from Lake Qinghai indicate that variations in the δ13Corg values in Lake Ngoring sediments reflect lake level fluctuations that are associated with variations in the amount of precipitation and glacier meltwater on the SAYR. High lake level phases indicated by positive shifts of δ13Corg values correspond to higher values of the North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAOI) and lower values of the Southern Oscillation Index (SOIpr). This relation suggests that the hydrologic history in the SAYR is linked to changes in the Indian monsoon and the Westerlies and that both air masses delivered more moisture to the SAYR during high TSI stages. In contrast, variations in the δ15Ntot values resemble the multiple paleoclimate proxy records obtained from ice cores, peat sequences, lake sediments, and integrated paleo-records from other QTP sites, suggesting that the δ15Ntot values archived in Lake Ngoring sediments provide a history of past lake-water temperature variations that is consistent with the variation history of the temperature-dependent parameters from regional paleo-climatic studies. Global climatic events including the Dark Ages Cold Period, the Medieval Climate Anomaly, the Little Ice Age and Modern Warming in 20th century could be clearly observed in the δ15Ntot variations. In general, the δ13Corg and δ15Ntot values in Lake Ngoring sediments appear to be useful indicators for paleo-environment and paleo-climate reconstructions in alpine oligotrophic freshwater lakes such as this one. | |||||
22915. 题目: Source apportionment of water-soluble brown carbon in aerosols over the northern south China sea: Influence from land outflow, SOA formation and marine emission Water-soluble brown carbon (BrC) plays an important role in climate change by influencing aerosol radiative forcing. There is little information on aerosol BrC over the South China Sea (SCS). In this study, water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in a round-year set of aerosol samples from a remote island in the northern SCS were characterized for optical properties. In-depth information about the sources and input pathways of water-soluble BrC was obtained using molecular markers and statistic tools. The highest WSOC concentrations, light absorption coefficients at 365 nm (Abs365) and mass absorption efficiencies at 365 nm (MAE365) were observed in winter, when atmospheric outflow from mainland China and the northern Indo-China Peninsula prevailed. Through the year, primary emissions from biomass burning and urban secondary organic aerosols (SOA) & waste combustion, respectively, were observed to be associated with higher MAE365 (2.47 m2 g−1 and 1.97 m2 g−1) and to be the main contributors to Abs365 (31.6% and 22.0%), while biogenic SOA showed little contribution. For the first time, microorganism/plankton primary emissions (MAE365 0.98 m2 g−1), mainly from the sea, was identified to be an important contributor to water-soluble BrC in spring (31% of Abs365) and summer (19% of Abs365). This implies that emissions from microorganism/plankton warrants carefully consideration in the assessment of global aerosol light absorbance. | |||||
22916. 题目: Effect of terrestrial organic matter on ocean acidification and CO2 flux in an Arctic Shelf Sea Recent research has focused on the changing ability of oceans to absorb atmospheric CO2 and the consequences for ocean acidification, with Arctic shelf seas being among the most sensitive regions. Hudson Bay is a large shelf sea in northern Canada whose location at the margin of the cryosphere places it in the vanguard of global climate change. Here, we develop a four-compartment box-model and carbon budget using published and recently collected measurements to estimate carbon inputs, transformations, and losses within Hudson Bay. We estimate the annual effects of terrestrial carbon remineralization on aragonite saturation (ΩAr, a proxy for ocean acidification) and on the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2, a proxy for air-sea CO2 flux) within each compartment, as well as the effects of marine primary production, marine organic carbon remineralization, and terrestrial calcium carbonate dissolution. We find that the remineralization of terrestrial dissolved organic carbon is the main driver of CO2 accumulation and aragonite under-saturation in coastal surface waters, but this is largely offset by marine primary production. Below the surface mixed layer, marine organic carbon remineralization is the largest contributor to CO2 accumulation and aragonite under-saturation, and is partially offset by terrestrial CaCO3 dissolution. Overall, the annual delivery and processing of carbon reduces ΩAr of water flowing through HB by up to 0.17 units and raises pCO2 by up to 165 µatm. The similarities between Hudson Bay and other Arctic shelf seas suggest these areas are also significantly influenced by terrestrial carbon inputs and transformation. | |||||
22917. 题目: Factors affecting sorption behaviors of tetracycline to soils: Importance of soil organic carbon, pH and Cd contamination The abuse of tetracycline arises the risk of antibiotic resistance genes and has been paid much attention. To understand the potential bioavailability of tetracycline (TC) in soil environments, this study explored the behaviors of TC adsorbing to six types of soils sampled from different regions of China. Moreover, the solution pH and existence of Cd2+ effect on TC sorption to soils were investigated to understand the influential factors affecting TC sorption. The results showed that the soil properties and sorption capacity of TC varied significantly with different soils. The sorption capacity of TC to soils might be largely affected by cation exchange capacity (CEC) and soil organic carbon (SOC), while the sorption rate, interaction strength and equilibrium sorption binding might be affected by soil pH, pHPZC, soil inorganic carbon (SIC) and H content. The result of solution pH effect suggested that the predominant sorption mechanism for acid soils might be hydrophobic interactions between soils and H2TC0, and the cation exchange was possibly proposed as the primary mechanism for TC sorption to alkaline soils. Furthermore, the presence of Cd2+ might increase TC sorption to acid soil, while reduce TC sorption to alkaline soil. It is expected that this study may provide important information for predicting the potential fate of TC (or similar antibiotics) in different soils, and thus helping to assess the bioavailability of TC in soils. | |||||
22918. 题目: Long-term operation performance and fouling behavior of a high-solid anaerobic membrane bioreactor in treating food waste A high-solid anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) treating food waste was continuously operated to investigate AnMBR performance and membrane fouling behavior. The optimal methane yield of 0.57 ± 0.08 L-CH4/g-VSin and organic loading rate (OLR) of 6.00 ± 0.59 g-VS/L/d indicated that a high-rate methane fermentation of food waste was achieved by the AnMBR. The resistance-in-series (RIS) model was applied to delineate the resistances of different fouling fractions and elucidate fouling behavior under different filtration modes. The results showed that organic pore blocking was the dominant fouling at the low filtration to relaxation (F/R) ratio, accounting for 60% of the total resistance. By contrast, the cake layer governed the fouling when the F/R ratio became larger, accounting for 54% of the total resistance. To better understand membrane fouling behavior, the characteristics of cake sludge were investigated and compared with those of bulk sludge. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) analysis revealed that soluble microbial by-products played a comparably significant role as aromatic protein in membrane fouling in the high-solid AnMBR. This work provided a deep understanding of the membrane fouling behavior of a high-solid AnMBR in treating food waste and proposed the most appropriate membrane cleaning methods under different filtration modes, which is expected to contribute to the design, operation and further application of the high-solid AnMBR. | |||||
22919. 题目: Thermogravimetric investigation on the effect of reaction temperature and blend ratio on co-gasification characteristics of pyrolytic oil distillation residue with biochar In this study, the CO2 co-gasification characteristics of pyrolytic oil distillation residue and biochar under different reaction temperatures were investigated by thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The influence of blend ratio on co-gasification synergy was adequately characterized by correlating the evolution of chemical structure and active AAEMs. The results indicated that increasing proportion of pyrolytic oil distillation residue could effectively improve gasification reactivity of biochar and enhance synergistic behaviors during co-gasification process, whereas the raising reaction temperature dwindled the enhancement of co-gasification reactivity and mutual promotion between individual samples. Moreover, three gasification kinetic models suggested that the lowest apparent activation energy (181.49∼182.72 kJ/mol) among blends was obtained by 70 wt% additions of pyrolytic oil distillation residue. Furthermore, the results of Raman and ICP-AES analysis well related to the co-gasification synergy. The migration of active AAEMs and evolution of carbon structure had a pronounced influence on synergistic effect as co-gasification reaction progressed. | |||||
22920. 题目: Inhibitory effect of phenol on wastewater ammonification This study aimed to elucidate inhibitory effect of phenol on ammonification of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in wastewater. Laboratory incubation experiments were conducted using primary and secondary effluent samples spiked with phenol (100–1000 mg/L) and inoculated with mixed cultures, pure strains of phenol-degrading bacteria (Acinetobacter sp. and Pseudomonas putida F1), and/or an ammonia oxidizing bacterium (Nitrosomonas europaea). DON concentration was monitored with incubation time. Phenol suppressed the ammonification rate of DON up to 62.9%. No or minimal ammonification inhibition was observed at 100 mg/L of phenol while the inhibition increased with increasing phenol concentration from 250 to 1000 mg/L. The inhibition was curtailed by the presence of the phenol-degrading bacteria. DON was ammonified in the samples inoculated with only N. europaea and the ammonification was also inhibited by phenol. The findings suggest that high phenol in wastewater could result in low ammonification and high DON in the effluent. | |||||
