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221. 题目: Valorization of industrial lignin waste: Synergistic mechanism of lignin-derived biochar for efficient dye removal
文章编号: N25122117
期刊: Bioresource Technology
作者: Jing Zhang, Long Chen, Qianyi Deng, Xueying Mo, Fangfang Wu
更新时间: 2025-12-21
摘要: Lignin, an underutilized byproduct of the paper industry, was transformed into highly efficient biochar for malachite green (MG) removal (∼2900 mg/g), achieving dual goals of waste valorization and pollution control. Mechanistic studies reveal that the outstanding performance arises from the contributions of biochar skeleton (23.3 %–25.8 %), biochar dissolved matter (BDM) (43.3 %–46.0 %), and their synergistic interaction (28.2 %–33.4 %). Low-temperature biochar showed superior synergistic effects. This synergy enables a coupled process of electron transfer-driven degradation and adsorption. The graphitized biochar skeleton acts as an electron donor, while BDM components facilitate electron transfer to O2, generating •O2− for MG degradation. Furthermore, functional groups on biochar skeleton provide adsorption sites via multiple interactions. This study presents a cost-effective MG removal strategy and, for the first time, elucidates BDM’s role as an electron shuttle, advancing biochar application and lignin valorization in wastewater treatment.

222. 题目: Cover crops potentially enhance soil organic carbon sequestration to offset greenhouse gas emissions without yield penalty towards net-zero rice agriculture
文章编号: N25122116
期刊: Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment
作者: Ruitao Lou, Yong Li, Zhenghan Li, Zhifeng Xu, Yu Tang, Xiangping Jin, Junzeng Xu, Yawei Li, Yong He, Qianjing Jiang
更新时间: 2025-12-21
摘要: Cover cropping is a promising strategy in sustainable rice agriculture, yet its broader adoption remains limited due to uncertainties regarding its environmental impacts and potential yield trade-offs. In this study, we synthesized 1539 paired observations from 135 peer-reviewed publications to assess the effects of cover crop application on soil methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, soil organic carbon (SOC) changes, and rice yield in paddy fields. Our findings showed that cover crop application significantly increased CH4 emissions (by 89.3–132.3 %), N2O emissions (by 16.3–64.6 %), while enhancing SOC sequestration (by 5.1–7.3 %), and rice yield (by 6.3–18.8 %). Despite the rise in GHG emissions, cover cropping reduced net global warming potential by 30.6 % and its index by 44.6 % compared to conventional mineral fertilization, but these reductions were not statistically significant. Notably, rice production could potentially achieve net-zero emissions when the N substitution ratio from cover crops remains below 26 %. Among various moderators, water management was identified as the dominant moderator of CH4 emissions, with mid-season drainage shown to effectively reduce CH4 emissions. N2O emissions were positively correlated with initial soil C:N ratio, while SOC sequestration and rice yield responded strongly to initial soil pH, with optimal pH values around 6.3 and 5.9, respectively. Leguminous cover crops were identified as effective options to enhance food security while mitigating climate change. Overall, cover cropping represents an effective path towards sustainable agriculture, but the optimal management strategies must be tailored to local environmental conditions and the interactions among various agronomic management practices.

223. 题目: Co-occurrence and reduction mechanisms of microbe-derived dissolved organic nitrogen and nitrous oxide in an oxygenic photobiofilm
文章编号: N25122115
期刊: Chemical Engineering Journal
作者: Ting Ran, Yu Zhou, Xiaocai Cui, Qian Li, Yangrui Huang, Yun Zhou
更新时间: 2025-12-21
摘要: Nitrous oxide (N2O) and microbe-derived dissolved organic nitrogen (mDON) are by-products during biological nitrogen (N) removal. Oxygenic photobiofilm reactor (OPbR) enabled efficient N fixation, but N2O and mDON are still produced, and the occurrence and regulating strategies for N2O and mDON remain unclear. This work investigated N2O and mDON dynamics responding to organic loading rate (OLR) and N source variations in the OPbR. OLR of 0.40 kg⋅m−3⋅d−1 enabled the lowest N2O release (0.46 ng/d and 0.53 ng/d for NH4+-N and NO3−-N reactors, respectively). The lowest mDON discharge were achieved in NH4+-N (0.20 mg/L) and NO3−-N (0.18 mg/L) reactors at OLRs of 0.26 kg⋅m−3⋅d−1 and 0.40 kg⋅m−3⋅d−1, respectively. High OLR (0.79 kg⋅m−3⋅d−1) promoted glutamate synthase expression and NO3−-N converted into NH4+-N, leading to mDON accumulation and N2O release. OLR of 0.40 kg⋅m−3⋅d−1 achieved optimal microorganisms' metabolic balance and reduced N2O release. N was largely removed through assimilation with low effluent N2O and mDON. Chlorophytes favored mDON and N2O production, and Cyanobacteria were the main N2O consumers. NO3−-N supplies denitrification substrates and promotes N2O production, but which also drives Desulfobacterota and Firmicutes to utilize mDON and lead to mDON reduction. NH4+-N can be directly assimilated to mDON, and Chlorophyta further elevated mDON release, improving mDON production. The findings showed that OLR and N source selecting can be effective strategies for N2O and mDON reduction in the OPbR, which showed great implication potential for low-carbon wastewater treatment and eutrophication control.

224. 题目: Eco‐Evolutionary Optimality in Soil Organic Matter Models
文章编号: N25122114
期刊: Ecology Letters
作者: Erik Schwarz, Elsa Abs, Arjun Chakrawal, Luciana Chavez Rodriguez, Pierre Quévreux, Stefano Manzoni
更新时间: 2025-12-21
摘要: Soil microorganisms mediate carbon and nutrient fluxes in soils, and—as all organisms—are subject to eco‐evolutionary dynamics. Adaptation of soil microbial functionality to environmental conditions across space and time has consequences for biogeochemical fluxes that are often not explicitly considered in models describing soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics. Eco‐evolutionary optimization (EEO) tries to anticipate the outcome of eco‐evolutionary dynamics, and can inform on how microbial functional traits might adapt to environmental conditions based on the maximisation of different proxies of microbial fitness. While different approaches employ different fitness proxies, they all aim to increase realism and generality by grounding SOM models in eco‐evolutionary theory and introducing constraints on model parametrization. Despite this potential, challenges for widely applying EEO approaches to advance SOM models persist and open questions remain, primarily concerning implicit assumptions, convergence of predictions, and empirical validation of the different EEO approaches. In this Synthesis, we review EEO approaches that have been applied to SOM models and provide an instructive primer to EEO approaches. We then propose a general categorization, aiming to make their underlying assumptions explicit and give an outlook for future research directions.

225. 题目: Unexpected Mobility and Bioaccumulation of Effluent- and Biosolids-Borne PBDEs and Chlorinated Paraffins in an Organic-Rich Soil System
文章编号: N25122113
期刊: Environmental Science & Technology
作者: Harmanpreet S Sidhu, Joseph Okeme, Gregory F Slater
更新时间: 2025-12-21
摘要: Land application of wastewater residuals introduces hydrophobic contaminants into soils, where high organic matter (OM) is widely assumed to ensure contaminant immobilization. We tested this assumption in greenhouse mesocosms using an organic-rich soil (50% OM, 50% sand) receiving selected polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and chlorinated paraffins (CPs) from biosolids or effluent. The soil’s composition allowed us to test the conflict between high potential for contaminant sorption (to OM) and high hydraulic conductivity (from sand). Despite high soil retention of contaminants (>70%), response curves indicated significant leaching from both sources with up to 11.5% of a short-chain CP (SCCP) being mobilized. While phytoaccumulation was minimal (BAF_dw < 1), earthworms accumulated high loads (BAF_dw up to 23), suggesting a potent trophic transfer pathway. Both mobility and bioaccumulation were source-dependent. For instance, effluent-irrigated soils showed more than 6-fold greater medium-chain CPs (MCCPs) leaching (6.7% vs ∼1%) and higher bioavailability than biosolids-amended soils. These findings suggest hydraulic flux can override the sequestration capacity of organic-rich soils, highlighting the limitations of OM’s role as an effective sink under dynamic, nonequilibrium conditions. The study provides critical data urging a re-evaluation of risk assessment models for land-applied wastes.

226. 题目: Insight of tea plant waste biochar promoting single-step biohydrogen production from cellulose
文章编号: N25122112
期刊: Chemical Engineering Journal
作者: Qiulan Xie, Xi Huang, Yuhao Wang, Xinyi Du, Lili Dong, Qianyi Xiao, Xi-Zhi Niu, Guangli Cao
更新时间: 2025-12-21
摘要: Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) of lignocellulosic waste to hydrogen (H2) enhances efficiency and reduces costs compared to cellulase-dependent approaches. This study investigated the effects of tea plant waste biochar (TPBC) additions on single-step H2 production from cellulose using batch experiments. TPBC-700 (pyrolyzed at 700 °C) at a concentration of 7 g/L enhanced H2 production during batch tests, with the maximum cumulative H2 yield (1370.00 ± 38.26 mL/L) increasing by 2.56 times due to increased protein concentration (from 83.91 mg/L to 216.24 mg/L), improved cellulase activity by 39.02 % and hydrogenase activity by 46.56 %, and enhanced electrical conductivity by 17.39 %, respectively. The highly efficient H2-producing bacterial species Thermoanaerobacterium was uniquely enriched with an abundance of 94.44 %, which is advantageous for promoting the decomposition and utilization of cellulose and achieving efficient H2 production rates. This study provides fundamental and technical support for the functionalization and high-value utilization of tea plant waste, offering a sustainable solution for comprehensive waste management in plantation areas and advancing bioenergy development.

227. 题目: Dissolved Organic Carbon Source Impact on Perfluoroalkyl Substances Removal from Stormwater Using Activated Carbon and Ion Exchange Resin.
文章编号: N25122111
期刊: Environmental Science & Technology
作者: Chandler A Brown, Jenna T Swenson, Yeo-Myoung Cho, James Conrad Pritchard, Reid P Milstead, Christina K Remucal, Richard G Luthy
更新时间: 2025-12-21
摘要: The capture and recharge of urban stormwater can augment water supplies in dry regions. To safely use urban runoff, it is necessary to remove harmful trace organic contaminants, especially perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). This study assesses the removal of six PFASs from synthetic stormwater with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) derived from straw and compost, which are representative materials observed in stormwater catch basins. Activated carbon (AC) and ion-exchange resin (IX) alone or in tandem are used to assess the impact of DOC on the sorbent performance and lifetime. PFAS breakthrough profiles in column studies are used to model contaminant removal via a 1-D intraparticle pore diffusion model, which is then used to predict contaminant removal under varying environmental conditions. Experimental results show PFAS removal is worst when biodegradable straw DOC is present, indicating larger kinetic limitations to sorption than nonbiodegradable compost DOC. The use of AC and IX in combination shows additive improvements over using the sorbents individually. Modeled parameters from replicate tests show consistency in the predicted breakthrough. With 3 mg/L compost DOC and 80 cm/h face velocity, models show that 50-100 cm AC followed by 12.5-50 cm IX provides long-term PFAS removal, ca. 10 years or 90,000 empty bed volumes.

228. 题目: Early-stage sustainability assessment of greywater treatment with Moringa oleifera seed extract and biochar
文章编号: N25122110
期刊: Journal of Cleaner Production
作者: Cecilia Sundberg, Harry Tibbetts, Lisa Zakrisson, Mary Njenga, Catherine Ndinda, Ivan Hetman
更新时间: 2025-12-21
摘要: Access to safe and reliable water remains a significant challenge in much of the Global South, especially in rural areas where greywater treatment infrastructure is lacking. This study presents an early-stage sustainability assessment of a novel system that utilises biochar and Moringa oleifera seed extracts to treat greywater in rural Kenyan households. The proposed solution combines local biochar, a by-product of wood gasification cookstoves, and powdered Moringa oleifera seed cake, a residue from local agroforestry activities. The presented assessment applied a qualitative approach that integrates life cycle, circular bioeconomy, and sustainable sanitation principles. The key sustainability opportunities involved in the assessed system include improved human health and hygiene, the carbon sequestration potential of biochar, greywater reuse, and efficient use of local biomass resources. However, the system also involves risks related to filter media disposal, nutrient loss and system maintenance. The analysis highlights the trade-offs between using Moringa oleifera seed cake for water purification and animal feed. Moreover, the early-stage assessment identifies the need for pilot trials, participatory design and data collection to develop future life cycle analyses and implementation strategies. This integrated approach provides a sound basis for the sustainable development of natural greywater treatment systems that meet the goals of a circular bioeconomy.

229. 题目: Enhanced anaerobic digestion of reactive red 2 wastewater with synergistic biochar adsorption and Fe3O4 Bio-catalysis: mechanistic insights from community and functional predictions
文章编号: N25122109
期刊: Bioresource Technology
作者: Zisheng Zhao, Lu Liu, Tingting Zhang, Xiaowei Wang, Guangyi Zhang
更新时间: 2025-12-21
摘要: Anaerobic digestion for treating low-concentration refractory wastewater is often limited by slow hydrolysis and inefficient mass transfer. This study developed an innovative “biochar adsorption and Fe3O4 bio-catalysis” synergistic system to address this. In Phase III without co-substrates, the system achieved a 52.9 % COD removal efficiency, a 95.8 % decolorization efficiency of Reactive Red 2. The potential mechanisms involves that the modified biochar (with an adsorption capacity of 179.5 mg g−1) effectively adsorbs organic pollutants, while Fe3O4 enhances organic pollutants degradation efficiency by enhancing biological activity, enriching electroactive microorganisms and increasing the abundance of predicted metabolic genes (e.g., dmpC, mhpD). This study demonstrates the potential to transcend the limitations of traditional adsorbents by establishing a dynamic cycle of “adsorption-biological regeneration-re-adsorption” for the treatment of RR2, thereby providing novel insights for the application of adsorbents.

230. 题目: Characterizing natural separation and purification during rural polluted water self-purification in the Dashi River: a multidimensional approach to DOM and microbial interactions
文章编号: N25122108
期刊: Separation and Purification Technology
作者: Jin Xie, Nigel Graham, Wenzheng Yu, Kening Sun, Ting Liu
更新时间: 2025-12-21
摘要: The self-purification capacity of rivers, a natural analog to engineered separation processes, mitigates pollutants through complex physicochemical and biological interactions. This study deciphers these mechanisms along Beijing's Dashi River via a spatial gradient analysis of 15 sites. We integrated size-exclusion chromatography, excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy with parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC), and microbial community profiling to link dissolved organic matter (DOM) transformation with metabolic functions. Downstream self-purification led to a >40 % decrease in terrestrial high molecular weight (HMW) DOM and the reduction of total phosphorus to below the detection limit (0.005 mg L−1). These changes, driven by microbial consortia (e.g., Pseudomonas), simplified DOM structure (evidenced by declining humification index and SUVA₂₅₄) and reduced the formation potential of disinfection by-products by over 60 %. However, a pollution event at Site 13 overwhelmed this capacity, causing a microbial diversity crash (Shannon index decreased by 1.56) and a rebound in turbidity, nutrients, and haloacetic acid yields (76.5 μg L−1). Our findings reveal the synergistic mechanisms of river self-purification and its thresholds, providing fundamental insights for assessing the assimilative capacity and inspiring the development of water purification technologies such as bio-augmented filtration and biofilm-based processes.

231. 题目: Evaluating land use impacts on soil organic carbon and soil health for sustainable land management in Ghana
文章编号: N25122107
期刊: Journal of Environmental Management
作者: Thomas Abindaw, Samuel Kumi, Michael Asigbaase, Caleb Mensah
更新时间: 2025-12-21
摘要: Land use change is a major driver of soil degradation, primarily through the loss of soil organic carbon (SOC), a critical indicator of soil quality influencing structure, fertility, and carbon sequestration potential. Despite its importance, empirical data on how distinct land use systems affect SOC stocks (SOCS) and associated soil properties are limited in Ghana's coastal savanna zone. This study quantified SOC stocks and key soil physicochemical properties across four land use types fallowed land, cropland, grassland, and coconut plantation, at three soil depths (0–15, 15–30, 30–45 cm). A total of 96 composite soil samples were analyzed for bulk density, particle size, pH, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, cation exchange capacity, and SOC following standard protocols. ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multivariate regression were employed to assess the effects of land use and depth on soil properties and SOC stocks, and their interrelationships. Results revealed that land use significantly influenced all soil properties and SOC stocks, whereas soil depth had a moderate effect. Coconut plantations recorded the highest SOC concentration (2.39 %) and stocks (37.39 Mg C ha−1), while fallowed lands had the lowest (1.11 % and 19.53 Mg C ha−1). Over 75 % of soil samples were below the critical 2 % SOC threshold, indicating widespread degradation. SOC stocks were strongly positively correlated with soil moisture, pH, and total nitrogen, with approximately 55 % of soil properties exhibiting significant inter-correlations. Land use type emerged as the primary factor driving SOC and soil property variability (R2 range: 29.47–93.92 %), followed by soil depth. These findings highlight the need for land use-specific management strategies, including organic amendments and conservation practices, to restore SOC, improve soil quality, and enhance carbon sequestration. The study provides empirical evidence critical for guiding sustainable land management, carbon market initiatives, and climate resilience in Ghana's coastal savanna zone.

232. 题目: Wetland restoration enhances soil carbon sequestration in lake ecosystems: Integrating multi-source remote sensing and optimized ensemble machine learning to map soil organic carbon density
文章编号: N25122106
期刊: Ecological Indicators
作者: Lin Tian, Weiyu Huang, Geng Cui, Xin Huang, Feifan Cui, Yinying Wei, Chuangjia Zhao, Shouzheng Tong, Ao Wang
更新时间: 2025-12-21
摘要: Lake wetlands play essential roles in flood regulation, water purification, and biodiversity, and restoring degraded wetlands can enhance their carbon-sink capacity. However, knowledge regarding the spatial patterns, temporal dynamics, and key drivers of soil organic carbon density (SOCD) in restored wetlands is limited. This study integrated multi-source remote sensing and machine-learning approaches to map SOCD in a restored lake wetland and to assess its spatiotemporal evolution from 2000 to 2023. Results showed that soil depth, soil physicochemical properties, and near-infrared spectral features were the major drivers of SOCD variability. Among nine models tested, CatBoost achieved the highest accuracy under random five-fold cross-validation (R2 = 0.49 ± 0.06; MAE = 6.78 ± 0.58 MgC·ha−1; RMSE = 9.30 ± 1.17 MgC·ha−1; RPIQ = 1.56 ± 0.17), whereas the RF model performed most robustly under spatially grouped cross-validation(R2 = 0.41 ± 0.16, MAE = 7.45 ± 0.33 MgC·ha−1; RMSE = 9.76 ± 0.64 MgC·ha−1; RPIQ = 1.48 ± 0.24), demonstrating the advantage of ensemble learning in capturing spatial heterogeneity. Spatially, SOCD decreased from the upland to the lakeshore zones. Temporally, SOCD declined from 2004 to 2017 due to water-level fluctuations and aquaculture disturbance, with high-SOCD areas shrinking by 38.34 km2. Following the “Return-Aquaculture-to-Wetland” restoration project launched in 2017, SOCD recovered markedly, reaching a two-decade maximum in 2022 (high-SOCD area: 125.54 km2; regional mean: 47.60 MgC·ha−1). These findings provide a scientific basis for wetland carbon-stock assessments and ecological-restoration monitoring and demonstrate the potential of combining multi-source remote sensing and machine learning for large-scale SOCD mapping.

233. 题目: Co-pyrolysis of tofu with cellulose, lignin or peach wood: Importance of sugary intermediates in fixing tofu-derived nitrogen species on surface of biochar
文章编号: N25122105
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Yueyue Song, Baihong Li, Yunyu Guo, Chao Li, Yangfan Zhang, Lijun Zhang, Shu Zhang, Xun Hu
更新时间: 2025-12-21
摘要: N-functionalized biochar has versatile applications, and co-pyrolysis of nitrogen-rich food wastes such as tofu and biomass is a method for production of N-containing biochar (BC). Herein, co-pyrolysis of tofu and cellulose, lignin, or peach wood (PW) was conducted at 400 °C, aiming to probe capability of different components of biomass for retaining tofu-derived nitrogen species in biochar through potential cross-reactions. The results showed that cross-interactions among volatiles or biochar from different sources during the co-pyrolysis did exist, which produced more gases, especially CO2 from cracking of tofu-derived amino acids. This also enhanced deoxygenation in co-pyrolysis of tofu/cellulose and tofu/peach, producing oxygen-deficient biochar with enhanced aromatic degree and thermal stability. The co-pyrolysis of tofu and cellulose enhanced the retention of N species in the resulting biochar-tofu/cellulose (nitrogen content: 7.1 % versus 4.5 % of calculated value), and similar result was observed in co-pyrolysis of tofu and peach (nitrogen content: 6.2 % versus 4.5 %). The sugary intermediates from degradation of cellulose/peach reacted with tofu-derived nitrogen-containing organics via Maillard reaction to fix nitrogen on/in biochar. In-situ IR measurement confirmed consumption of carbonyl containing intermediates with simultaneous formation of C-N species in the co-pyrolysis. The nitrogen species also acted as “glue” in the co-pyrolysis for binding biochar particles to form cluster morphology and acted as anchoring sites for enhancing adsorption of alkaline fuchsin.

234. 题目: The incorporation of dissolved organic matter exerts dual roles on moxifloxacin photodegradation mediated by goethite
文章编号: N25122104
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Fangfang Ding, Baojun Wang, Yanliang Lu, Kai Zhao, Guchun Wang, Yabin Li, Zhilei Zhao, Jue Liu
更新时间: 2025-12-21
摘要: Iron (hydr)oxides and dissolved organic matter (DOM) are extensively present in natural environments, and their intricate interactions can influence the fate of coexisting organic pollutants. This study explores the photodegradation of moxifloxacin (MOX) induced by goethite-humic acid (Goe-HA) complexes, coexisting Goe/HA, Goe, and HA. Goe-HA complexes promoted MOX photodegradation. The initial rate constant (kinit), fitted via retarded first-order kinetics, reached 0.263 ± 0.026 min−1. In contrast, the coexisting HA inhibited MOX photodegradation and showed a kinit of 0.025 ± 0.002 min−1. H2O2, singlet oxygen (1O2), superoxide radicals (•O2⁻), and hydroxyl radicals (•OH) participated in MOX photodegradation in Goe-HA, Goe, and HA systems, with •O2⁻ being the dominant species. •O2⁻ was generated via oxidation of surface Fe(II) and electron transfer between triplet excited HA (3HA*) and dissolved oxygen. For Goe-HA complexes, HA incorporation introduced 3HA* and strengthened ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT). This process reduced Fe(Ⅲ) and enhanced •O2⁻ contribution to MOX photodegradation. For Goe/HA, the generated radicals under light irradiation attacked HA instead of MOX. This study confirms that interactions between iron (hydr)oxides and DOM may affect the fate of coexisting organic pollutants to varying extents.

235. 题目: Iron fractionation-directed mechanisms of soil organic carbon: A geochemically-grounded hypothesis and validation
文章编号: N25122103
期刊: Soil and Tillage Research
作者: Fei Xie, Yuanqing Tang, Jin-E. Wei, Yangzheng Liu, Weifang Chen, Chengmei Liao, Changwei Lü
更新时间: 2025-12-21
摘要: The stabilization of soil organic carbon (SOC) by reactive iron (Fe) minerals is a critical yet poorly quantified process in the global carbon cycle. To elucidate the specific mechanisms of Fe-mediated OC (organic carbon) fractionation, we employed a sequential chemical extraction protocol on < 53 μm soil fractions to isolate distinct Fe phases. This method was rigorously validated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) to correlate the extracted Fe species with specific mineral phases. A key methodological advancement was the developmen of a novel approach to quantify OC co-extracted with each Fe phase, enabling the first direct assessment of MAOC (mineral-associated organic carbon) partitioning to specific mineral hosts. Operationally, citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite (CBD) extraction targeted reactive Fe (FeHR) minerals (e.g., lepidocrocite, goethite, maghemite), while 12 M HCl dissolved poorly reactive Fe (FePR) phases (e.g., ankerite, magnetite, illite, montmorillonite). The residual silicate-bound Fe (FeU), such as grossular, riebeckite, mica, and orthoclase remained in the final residue. Our results revealed a quantitative partitioning of MAOC: FeU-OC dominated (47.9 %), indicative of long-term geological inheritance via physical occlusion within silicate matrices. FePR-OC (36.3 %) was stabilized predominantly by micropore confinement in low-activity minerals and cation bridging, effectively shielding OC from redox-driven dissolution. In contrast, FeHR-OC constituted the smallest fraction (15.8 %) but was the most dynamic, with its concentration strongly correlated with precipitation-induced Fe (oxyhydr)oxide transformation and vegetation diversity, leading to the formation of mineral-organic complexes. Mechanistically, we identified three distinct stabilization pathways: (1) reactive Fe/Al-(hydr)oxides bound OC mainly through chemical complexation or co-precipitation at high-surface-area mineral surfaces; (2) low-activity Fe/Al-(hydr)oxides associated with OC via physical adsorption; and (3) FeU-OC through physical encapsulation within silicate mineral frameworks and lattice-defects. These findings provide a mechanistic and quantitative framework for predicting the persistence of Fe-OC associations under changing environmental conditions.

236. 题目: Phosphate-modified biochar synergized with AM mitigate cell death in Malus roots by regulating Cd accumulation and phosphorus availability
文章编号: N25122102
期刊: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
作者: Wenran Liu, Zhiwen Qi, Jiali Wang, Yan Wang, Dinghua Yang, Hongqiang Yang, Weiwei Zhang
更新时间: 2025-12-21
摘要: The safe disposal of apple pruning waste and mitigation of cadmium (Cd) toxicity in orchards are pressing environmental challenges. This study developed a synergistic strategy using phosphate-modified carbonized apple branches (PCAB) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi to immobilize Cd and reduce its uptake in apple trees. Compared to unmodified carbonized apple branches (CAB), PCAB exhibited a 1.35-fold higher Cd2 + adsorption capacity and was more effective in converting soil acid-soluble Cd into stable residual fractions. The combination of PCAB and AM fungi (PCAB+AM) was most effective, enhancing AM root colonization by over 200 % under Cd stress. This synergy increased rhizosphere available phosphorus by 128 % and the proportion of labile P by 50 %, while reducing bioavailable Cd to less than half of that in CAB+AM treatment. Consequently, PCAB+AM minimized root Cd2+ influx to 31 % of the control, reduced leaf Cd concentration by 86 %, and decreased Cd translocation factor by 66 %. This treatment also more effectively alleviated Cd-induced oxidative stress and cell death, downregulating key apoptosis genes (MhVPEγ/MhBAX1) and VPEγ activity. Our findings demonstrate that the PCAB-AM combination creates a protective rhizosphere barrier, offering a sustainable waste-to-wealth solution for Cd-contaminated orchards.

237. 题目: Molecular evidence for depth‐dependent microbial transformation of dissolved organic matter into carboxyl‐rich alicyclic molecules in coastal marginal seas
文章编号: N25122101
期刊: Limnology and Oceanography
作者: Yang Liu, Zhengguo Cui, Shulian Xie, Chao Ma, Yuqiu Wei
更新时间: 2025-12-21
摘要: Marine dissolved organic matter (DOM) represents a primary reservoir in the biogeochemical cycle, and marine microorganisms are essential to the transformation and long‐term sequestration of DOM as recalcitrant dissolved organic matter (RDOM). In China's marginal seas, DOM levels are affected by coastal productivity and terrestrial inputs, yet the molecular mechanisms driving the DOM to RDOM transformation remain insufficiently characterized. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms behind the DOM transformation mediated by marine microorganisms in the Bohai and Yellow Seas, particularly focusing on molecular‐level characterizations of microbial carbon cycling processes. Here, using 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing, we analyzed the bacterial communities across the surface and deep layers. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT‐ICR MS) was used to molecularly characterize the DOM. Our findings revealed distinct bacterial diversity and functional profiles between the surface and deep layers, with deep layers exhibiting higher microbial diversity. Furthermore, the deep layers were characterized by higher proportions of RDOM, with molecular indicators such as carboxyl‐rich alicyclic molecules (CRAM) suggesting enhanced carbon stability. This study highlights the role of microbial processes in shaping the molecular characteristics of DOM across depths, supporting the microbial carbon pump (MCP) framework and characterizing the Bohai and Yellow Seas as significant carbon sinks in the coastal region. These findings advance our mechanistic understanding of oceanic carbon sequestration, particularly in coastal marginal seas.

238. 题目: Inorganic Components Drive the Latent Heat of Hygroscopic Phase Transition in Atmospheric Black Carbon
文章编号: N25122006
期刊: Environmental Science & Technology Letters
作者: Minli Wang, Nan Fu, Shengqiang Li, Han Gao, Botong Duan, Yujie Zhu, Xun Hu, Yiqun Chen, Bingyu Wang, Wei Du, Qingqing Guan, Shu Tao
更新时间: 2025-12-20
摘要: The hygroscopic phase transition (HPT) latent heat of black carbon (BC) particles can affect the atmospheric energy budget. However, the source-dependent characteristics and underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Herein, three representative BCs (Corn Cob BC, Camphor Wood BC, and Coal BC) were systematically analyzed to quantify HPT latent heat and reveal component-specific contributions. By combining component-resolved analysis with differential scanning calorimetry, it was found that Coal BC exhibited the highest HPT latent heat at 97% RH (ΔH = 93.77 J g^–1), which was approximately 253 times higher than that at 11% RH (ΔH = 0.37 J g^–1). This was primarily driven by its inorganic component, including the water-extractable fraction (WEBC) and water-extractable minerals (WEM). The corresponding spectral shifts of WEBC (85–100 cm^–1 blueshift) and WEM (100–105 cm^–1 redshift) in O–H stretching bands under 97% RH indicate strong hydrogen-bonding and solvent effects. These inorganic-rich fractions, although accounting for only 10.1–18.0 wt % in Coal BC, controlled water uptake and latent-heat release, highlighting their pivotal role in BC’s nonlinear thermodynamic behavior. This is the first study to quantitatively resolve BC’s HPT latent heat and attribute it to specific components, providing thermodynamic insights for improving the parametrization of BC radiative effects in atmospheric models.

239. 题目: Molecular insights into the adsorption and fractionation of dissolved organic phosphorus induced by lanthanum-activated hydrogel
文章编号: N25122005
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Shuai Liu, Fengjuan Yang, Changhong Hong, Da Liu, Yanpeng Cai, Shengrui Wang
更新时间: 2025-12-20
摘要: Adsorption is a cornerstone strategy for controlling phosphorus pollution. However, while current research has predominantly focused on dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) removal, especially phosphate, the molecular-level fractionation mechanisms of dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) during adsorption remain poorly understood. To address this gap, we investigated the adsorption behavior of DOP onto a lanthanum-crosslinked attapulgite/sodium alginate adsorbent (La-ATP/SA), employing Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) for molecular-level insights. The La-ATP/SA exhibited a DOP adsorption capacity of 9.22 mg/g in simulated wastewater, with kinetics following the pseudo-second-order model (R²=0.97) and primarily governed by ligand exchange and potential hydrogen bonding. Molecular-scale evidence obtained from FT-ICR MS illustrated a clear evolution in the DOP pool. Following adsorption, the average molecular weight of residual DOP increased from 501.08 Da to 508.08 Da, indicating preferential removal of lower molecular weight constituents. Further analysis via Van Krevelen diagrams revealed that La-ATP/SA selectively adsorbed lignin-like and protein-like DOP molecules. These findings provide definitive molecular-level evidence of the selective adsorption mechanisms governing DOP removal. This work not only enables the optimized design of selective adsorbents but also facilitates a more accurate assessment of effluent phosphorus impact, thereby contributing to improved eutrophication management.

240. 题目: Climate change impacts on dissolved organic carbon and total suspended solids in Alpine streams and rivers
文章编号: N25122004
期刊: Water Research
作者: Edoardo Bertone, Nicola Deluigi, Tom Ian Battin
更新时间: 2025-12-20
摘要: Climate change is altering hydrology, land cover, and biogeochemistry in Alpine river systems, yet predictive understanding of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total suspended solids (TSS), across glacierised and lowland catchments remains limited. This knowledge gap constrains our ability to forecast impacts on carbon cycling and sediment management. We present a data-driven predictive model for Swiss streams from diverse catchments, spanning glacierised high-mountain basins to lowland agricultural and forested systems. The machine learning framework incorporates discharge, water quality, and land use and land cover changes to predict DOC and TSS, with high accuracy (RMSE=14% of standard deviation for DOC) following validation of the best performing algorithm. While its reliance on routinely measured parameters makes it adaptable for near real-time forecasting, the model was designed for climate change scenario analysis. Projections indicate that by 2090, under RCP8.5, DOC exports will rise by ∼50% in high-mountain catchments and ∼15% in lowland systems, primarily driven by discharge, not by land cover change. TSS responses vary seasonally and by catchment, with increases in many glacierised basins and decreases in most lowland streams. Seasonal DOC load peaks are projected to occur earlier in the year. By harmonising diverse datasets and quantifying site-specific climate, hydrology and land cover interactions, this approach provides a tool for managing carbon and sediment fluxes in rapidly changing Alpine environments.