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281. 题目: Grazing exclusion affects soil organic carbon by shifting its life-history strategies in sagebrush desert grassland
文章编号: N26022005
期刊: Journal of Soils and Sediments
作者: Bingjie Yu, Zongjiu Sun, Yuxuan Cui, Huixia Liu
更新时间: 2026-02-20
摘要: Purpose Understanding microbial diversity and the life history strategies of microorganisms is essential for advancing our knowledge of soil organic carbon (SOC) turnover. Despite their significance, there’s a noticeable lack of research on how microbial r- and K-strategists in grazing exclusion (GE) settings can reliably indicate SOC. Materials and methods Using high-throughput sequencing and multiple statistical methods, we examined how GE influences SOC content, the composition of microbial r/K-strategists, and the overall microbial network in five typical sagebrush desert experimental plots in Xinjiang, northwest China. Results Our findings revealed a concerning trend: GE negatively impacts SOC, the Oligo/Copio ratio of bacteria and fungi, and the fungi EMC/Sapro ratio in sagebrush desert grassland. Moreover, GE significantly altered the topological characteristics of microbial networks. We observed a notable increase in the abundance of both K-strategy and r-strategy microbes among keystone taxa in the 0–5 cm soil layer, contrasting sharply with the patterns found in the deeper 5–10 cm layer. Random Forest, heatmap plot, and Structural equation model showed that the change K-strategy to an r-strategy has a significant effect on lnRR SOC. Conclusion Our research highlights a vital connection between microbial life strategies and SOC, providing new insights into how SOC accumulates following grazing exclusion.

282. 题目: Unveiling fDOM Dynamics in Shallow Lakes via a Coupled “Spectral-Thermal” XGBoost-SHAP Retrieval Framework: Implications for Water Diversion Management in Lake Honghu
文章编号: N26022004
期刊: Environmental Research
作者: Kai Yu, Yun Du, Wei Liao, Baoyin He, Fei Xiao, Xiaodong Li, Yan Ye, Yadong Zhou, Yiming Shen, Fan Yang, Xueer Geng, Qi Feng
更新时间: 2026-02-20
摘要: Fluorescent Dissolved Organic Matter (fDOM) is a pivotal indicator of biogeochemical cycles in shallow lakes, yet its retrieval in optically complex waters is often constrained by sediment interference and the neglect of thermal drivers. By integrating 200 in situ measurements with 112 Sentinel-2 images, this study reconstructs the spatiotemporal dynamics of fDOM (2019–2025) and evaluates the ecological impacts of hydrological regulation in Lake Honghu. A “Spectral-Thermal” dual-driven eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) retrieval framework is constructed by integrating Sentinel-2 physics-informed semi-analytical optical features with the fifth generation ECMWF atmospheric reanalysis (ERA5) air temperature. The results indicate that the coupling of Sentinel-2-derived optical proxy features with ERA5 thermal data yields superior stability and accuracy (R² = 0.816, RMSE = 1.157 RFU), significantly surpassing the performance of conventional spectral-only approaches. Based on SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), the normalized difference spectral index and air temperature emerge as the primary predictors. This confirms the model's capacity to resolve endogenous release processes driven by thermal dynamics. Spatially, the northeastern bays exhibit stable high-value clustering linked to endogenous sources (historical enclosure aquaculture), whereas the diversion area displays strong seasonal fluctuations driven by exogenous runoff. Regarding engineering effects, the 2025 water diversion project induces seasonal divergence, where the summer high-flow period is characterized by Homogeneous Dilution (synchronous lake-wide decline), while the autumn low-flow period leads to Hydraulic Fragmentation and increases spatial heterogeneity (Standard Deviation peaks at 1.3 RFU) due to restricted mixing efficiency. The results indicate that the “Spectral-Thermal” approach effectively constrains retrieval uncertainties by integrating thermodynamic drivers with optical features. This improvement provides a basis for developing adaptive management strategies tuned to seasonal hydrological cycles.

283. 题目: Hydrothermal Humification and Fulvification of Grass for Artificial Humic Substance Production and By-product Applications
文章编号: N26022003
期刊: Environmental Technology & Innovation
作者: Saman Ghobadian, Giulia Ischia, Osvaldo Romero Romero, Giacomo Rossi, Thomas Hoffmann, Matthias Kraume, Nader Marzban
更新时间: 2026-02-20
摘要: This study compares hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), humification (HTH), and fulvification (HTF) of grass biomass to show how increasing alkalinity governs carbon conversion pathways and liquid product formation. Under HTC without alkali addition, carbon conversion was dominated by dehydration and condensation reactions, yielding the highest solid yield (54.10wt%) with high carbon content (60.6wt%), elevated energy potential (HHV = 25.70 MJ/kg), and the greatest intrinsic thermal stability (T50 = 435 °C), while artificial humic acids were not formed and carbon transfer to the liquid phase remained limited (TC = 15.85g/L; TOC = 15.75g/L), accompanied by minimal carbon leachability. Moderate alkalinity under HTH reduced solid yield to 44.50wt% and promoted partial depolymerization and humification, increasing liquid-phase carbon concentrations (TC = 40.47g/L; TOC = 36.96g/L) and enabling artificial humic acid formation (2.25wt%), while producing hydrochar with favorable surface chemistry for adsorption, reflected by the highest crystal violet uptake (196.28mg/g). Further increasing alkalinity under HTF shifted carbon partitioning toward the liquid phase, reducing solid yield to 13.18wt% while maximizing artificial humic acid formation (8.80wt%) and liquid-phase carbon concentrations (TC = 62.15g/L; TOC = 58.52g/L); HTF liquids were enriched in lactic acid, characterized by sub-100 nm colloids, the most negative zeta potential (−8.72mV), and enhanced seed germination up to 95% at 50-fold dilution. Overall, alkalinity is identified as a key parameter directing integrated carbon valorization from energy-dense solids to adsorption-active humified materials and bioactive liquid products within a circular biomass framework.

284. 题目: Development and contribution analysis of a multi-depth soil organic matter prediction model integrating VIS–NIR spectroscopy and environmental covariates
文章编号: N26022002
期刊: Plant and Soil
作者: Jiahui Dai, Han Yang, Aizemaitijiang Maimaitituersun, Kamuran Maimaitiaili
更新时间: 2026-02-20
摘要: Background and aims Accurate prediction of the vertical distribution of soil organic matter (SOM) is essential for assessing the carbon cycle in arid regions. Methods In this study, predictive models for SOM across depths of 0–100 cm were developed using 190 soil samples from 48 profiles in the Urumqi River Basin. The models integrate visible near‑infrared (VIS–NIR) with multi‑source environmental covariates. The random forest (RF) and convolutional neural network (CNN) approaches were compared, and the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) framework was employed to interpret the governing mechanisms within the optimal model. Results The results show that incorporating environmental covariates significantly improved model performance, especially in the surface layers (0–40 cm). The CNN model achieved its highest accuracy in the 0–20 cm layer (R² = 0.97) and the 80–100 cm layer (R² = 0.95). SHAP analysis further revealed a shift in the dominant drivers with depth: vegetation indices contributed cumulatively 39.1% in surface layers, whereas soil properties and topographic features became more influential in deeper horizons. Conclusion These findings empirically support the classical theory that SOM profile formation is co‑regulated by climate, biota, and parent material, and provide an effective framework for multi‑depth soil carbon estimation in arid landscapes.

285. 题目: Multivariate proxy-based analysis of the trade-off between active and stable soil organic carbon pools in typical planted and natural forests on the eastern Loess Plateau
文章编号: N26022001
期刊: Soil and Tillage Research
作者: Tianjiao Feng, Zhuo Liu, Xiaozhen Hao, Jingjin Kong, Ping Wang, Lixin Wang
更新时间: 2026-02-20
摘要: Long-term vegetation restoration projects have been implemented on the Loess Plateau to enhance carbon sequestration in ecosystems. However, the trade-off between active and stable carbon pools following long-term vegetation restoration remains unclear. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for accurately assessing restoration benefits and guiding forest management decisions. Therefore, this study aims to quantify the trade-off between active and stable soil carbon pools under long-term vegetation restoration and to identify the relative roles of vegetation attributes and soil properties in regulating soil carbon stability. In this study, we investigated soil carbon stability in a typical catchment of the eastern Loess Plateau with more than 30 years of vegetation restoration, including three planted forests—Pinus tabulaeformis, Platycladus orientalis, and Robinia pseudoacacia —each dominated by a single species, as well as one natural secondary forest. Vegetation attributes, soil properties, and 13 soil carbon components across the 0–200 cm profile were measured over multiple growing seasons (2020–2023) for a total of 2640 soil samples. The soil carbon components were classified into active and stable soil carbon pools to assess changes in carbon stability following long-term vegetation restoration. The results indicated that (1) natural secondary forests had higher active and stable carbon pools in the surface soil (0–40 cm) compared to the planted forests, while deeper layers (40–200 cm) exhibited higher stable carbon and lower total carbon content. (2) Trade-off analysis showed that active soil carbon dominated across all vegetation types as organic content increased, suggesting potential changes in carbon stability following restoration. (3) Partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) demonstrated that vegetation attributes (e.g., plant height, biomass, canopy coverage) significantly influenced stable soil carbon, while affecting active carbon indirectly through changes in soil properties like bulk density. These findings underscore the importance of vegetation attributes and soil properties in managing carbon stability in ecosystems, with implications for carbon management in the Loess Plateau and other similar environments.

286. 题目: Water-level drives DOM-microbe interactions and carbon–nitrogen cycling in a large reservoir ecosystem
文章编号: N26021913
期刊: Journal of Hydrology
作者: Qiaoqiao Li, Hua Ma, Hai Huang, Mingxing Cao, Yixuan Ye, Sheng-Ao Li, Yuhan Jiang, Zhe Li, Guowei Li, Fuyi Cui
更新时间: 2026-02-19
摘要: Water level fluctuations in large river reservoirs caused by the uneven distribution of rainfall within a year can fundamentally alter organic matter dynamics and microbial ecosystem processes. In this study, we examined how high precipitation period (defined as high water level, HWL) and low precipitation period (defined as low water level, LWL) drive coupled changes in dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition and microbial community structure in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR). HWL, when terrestrial inputs dominated, were characterized by DOM rich in aromatic, humic compounds, and a microbial community less responsive to DOM heterogeneity. In contrast, LWL accumulated autochthonous, labile DOM and fostered a tighter coupling between DOM and microbes, with specialized bacteria actively degrading DOM. These shifts in DOM-microbe interactions had cascading effects on carbon and nitrogen cycling: LWL enhanced microbial DOM mineralization and denitrification, leading to higher CO2 emissions and nitrogen removal, whereas HWL promoted DOM storage, reduced respiration, and nitrate accumulation. Our findings suggested that the TGR alternated between functioning as a carbon source during LWL (releasing previously stored carbon) and as a carbon sink during HWL (sequestering incoming carbon), with a corresponding switch in nitrogen removal efficiency. This study revealed a distinct mechanism by which water-level regulation orchestrated DOM composition, microbial metabolism, and biogeochemical outcomes in a large reservoir ecosystem.

287. 题目: Mg-modified biochar mitigates carbon and nitrogen losses and enhances humification by reshaping core microbial community function in distilled grain waste composting
文章编号: N26021912
期刊: Environmental Technology & Innovation
作者: Xiu-Fang Li, Yang Xu, Shi-Peng Wang, Min Gou, Zhao-Yong Sun, Yue-Qin Tang
更新时间: 2026-02-19
摘要: Although biochar has been widely used to regulate carbon-nitrogen transformations and promote compost humification, its performance is highly variable across feedstocks and pyrolysis conditions, and current studies largely emphasize emission mitigation or nitrogen conversion alone. This study introduces Mg-modified biochar (MMB) into distilled grain waste (DGW) composting to quantify carbon-nitrogen synergistic retention and humification. Three treatments were established (CK, pristine biochar (T1), and MMB (T2)) to systematically evaluate their impacts on compost maturity, coupled C/N transformations and losses, and humification dynamics. Results indicate that T2 significantly accelerated the composting process, reducing maturation time by 7 days compared to T1. Self-Organizing Map (SOM) analysis visually confirmed its faster succession trajectory. Compared with the CK treatment, T1 reduced nitrogen and carbon losses by 26.42% and 13.24%, respectively. Notably, T2 exhibited superior performance in carbon-nitrogen synergistic retention, achieving reductions of 30.15% and 19.61% in nitrogen and carbon losses, while increasing humic acid carbon (HA-C) content by 97.72%. Furthermore, T2 significantly reshaped the topological structure of microbial communities through increased network complexity and modularity, while directionally enriching lignocellulose-degrading and nitrogen-retaining functional communities represented by Thermobifida and Luteimonas. The XGBoost-SHAP machine learning model further elucidated that MMB drives ecological functions by optimizing physicochemical conditions (pH, EC) and differentially regulating key species. This primarily involves inhibiting Alcaligenaceae to control nitrogen loss and promoting Saccharomonospora proliferation to accelerate humification. This study provides clear microbiological mechanisms and practical evidence for developing efficient, low-emission technologies for DGW resource utilization.

288. 题目: Divergent Responses to Wet Scavenging: Fossil Fuel Black Carbon Exhibits Longer Lifetime and Stronger Light Absorption than Biomass Burning BC
文章编号: N26021911
期刊: Environmental Science & Technology Letters
作者: Mingyuan Yu, Jie Ding, Yu-Chi Lin, Yan-Lin Zhang
更新时间: 2026-02-19
摘要: Wet scavenging is the major sink for black carbon (BC), while the responses of BC emitted from different sources remain poorly quantified. In this study, the below-cloud scavenging of BC from biomass burning (BCbb) and fossil fuel combustion (BCff) was investigated, using year-round in situ measurements in Nanjing, China. A statistical approach was developed to quantify the source-specific mass absorption efficiency (MAE). Results showed that BCff was less susceptible to scavenging than BCbb, with wet scavenging ratios of 0.13 and 0.45, respectively. Additionally, BCff exhibited a stronger light-absorbing ability than BCbb, with MAE values of 8.0–12.0 and 3.4–8.0 m2 g–1 (25–75th percentiles), respectively. Consequently, the MAE of BC increased significantly with precipitation amount, driven by a combination of a rising BCff proportion, a higher intrinsic MAE of BCff, and enhancement of the MAE for both BC types due to high humidity. Neglecting the source-specific MAE could lead to substantial biases in the estimated direct radiative forcing, which can exceed 20% in regions with high BCbb contributions. This study strongly suggests that BCff and BCbb should be treated separately in models to improve the simulation of atmospheric loadings and climate impacts.

289. 题目: Biochar: Acinetobacter driven rhizoremediation of arsenic contaminated soil
文章编号: N26021910
期刊: Environmental Geochemistry and Health
作者: Maria Hameed, Muhammad Umer, Maimona Saeed, Nageen Bostan, Noshin Ilyas
更新时间: 2026-02-19
摘要: Arsenic accumulation is becoming a major pollutant fueled by natural and anthropogenic activities. Arsenic contamination degrades the soil fertility and make it unsuitable for plants growth. Various physical and chemical solutions can be used to decontaminate the soil but these solutions have many limitations. Rhizoremediation along biochar, a potential strategy to treat the arsenic contaminated soil and biochar also improves the soil nutrient content. Therefore, this research focused on mitigating arsenic toxicity via the arsenic-tolerant Acinetobacter in combination with biochar. Arsenic tolerant bacteria was isolated from arsenic contaminated soil and identified as Acinetobacter. Biochar was prepared from the wood shaving of Cedrus deodara. A pot experiment was designed to check the rhizoremediation potential of biochar and Acinetobacter in the rhizosphere of Spinach. It is the first study to evaluate the potential of Acinetobacter and the biochar on the nutritional and arsenic accumulation in spinach. The collection of soil samples for the isolation of bacterial strains was done from the arsenic-affected site and the preparation of biochar was done using the wood shaving of Cedrus deodara. A pot experiment was conducted to figure out the potential of isolated bacterial strains and biochar individually as well as synergistically. The co-application of Acinetobacter and biochar improved spinach's morphological (shoot length 22%, root length 24%), physiological (chlorophyll 22%) and biochemical (proline 24%, soluble sugar 30%) attributes in arsenic contaminated soil. Both biochar and Acinetobacter also increase enzymatic and non-enzymatic content in plant. Arsenic content of soil decreased by 43% in root and 47% in shoot with co-application of biochar and Acinetobacter. Rhizoremediation potential of Acinetobacter and biochar in the plant rhizosphere to reduce the arsenic content considered to be a promising strategy for heavy metal remediation in soil.

290. 题目: Biochar mitigates N2O and NH3 emissions in sheep manure composting by regulating microbial genes associated with nitrogen cycle
文章编号: N26021909
期刊: Environmental Technology & Innovation
作者: Yi Wang, Xinyao Fan, Wenqi Liang, Xu Ma, Wenming Zhang, Chenxu Yu
更新时间: 2026-02-19
摘要: Improper treatment of livestock and poultry manure from animal husbandry could lead to substantial Ammonia (NH3) and Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. In this study, rice husk biochar (RHB) and sawdust biochar (SDB) were investigated as additives to control NH3 and N2O emissions during sheep manure composting. Metagenomic sequencing was conducted to characterize the microbiome during composting and functional genes associated with nitrogen cycle (NC genes), and correlations among properties of composting feedstocks, NH3 and N2O emissions, NC genes were investigated. The results showed that RHB and SDB significantly reduced both NH3 emission (42.0 % and 61.3 %, respectively) and N2O emission (17.5 %, and 41.7 %, respectively), yet the reduction exhibited only a weak correlation with the physical attributes of the RHB. Microbial co-occurrence network showed biochar enhanced the complexity of the microbial community and the positive-to-negative correlation ratios. RDA analysis elucidated that biochar additives improved both total organic carbon (TOC) and C/N by inhibiting denitrification-related narG/Z/nxrA, nirK and norB/C genes while promoting nosZ, and inhibiting mineralization-related GLUD1_2/gdhA, E3.5.1.49, E3.5.5.1, gudB/rocG genes. PLS-PM model further confirmed that TOC was negatively correlated to NC genes involved in N2O- and NH3- production. The study provided theoretical basis and a road map to develop efficient composting additives to regulate TOC and C/N and to reduce NH3 and N2O emissions.

291. 题目: Enhanced synergistic adsorption and peroxymonosulfate oxidation via interlayer-confined MgFe layered double hydroxide/porous biochar composite for water decontamination
文章编号: N26021908
期刊: Chemical Engineering Journal
作者: Hongmin Zhang, Yifei Yang, Sirui Chen, Yujing Lin, Yongtao Lv, Huihui Zhang, Licheng Chen, Lei Wang, Xudong Wang
更新时间: 2026-02-19
摘要: The effectiveness and sustainability of layered double hydroxide (LDH) in wastewater purification are restricted by its easy agglomeration and insufficient stability during peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. Herein, a biochar-assisted strategy was proposed to construct MgFe–LDH/soybean residue-derived porous biochar composites (MgFe–LDH/SRB-x) with synergistic adsorption and PMS oxidation bifunctional for tetracycline (TC) removal. The optimized MgFe–LDH/SRB-2 material demonstrated an excellent adsorption capacity (140.91 mg·g−1) and the maximum degradation rate constant (k, 0.1036 min−1) for TC. This k value was 6.64 and 1.54 times that of pure SRB and MgFe–LDH, respectively. The improved functionalities of MgFe–LDH/SRB-2 were ascribed to the introduction of SRB biochar, which increased the specific surface area and defect structure while modulating the electronic structure of MgFe–LDH by elevating the Fe d-band center, thereby enhancing the electron transfer. Moreover, this incorporation expanded the interlayer spacing of MgFe–LDH to create a confined interlayer environment for promoting PMS adsorption and activation. Mechanism investigations revealed that the nonradical oxidation pathway (Fe(IV) = O species (43.82%) and electron transfer (26.64%)) dominated TC degradation within the MgFe–LDH/SRB-2/PMS process. The structure–activity relationship analysis confirmed that Fe(III), CO, oxygen vacancies (Ov), and graphitic N were the pivotal catalytic sites. Notably, theoretical calculations elucidated that the interlayer confinement effect of MgFe–LDH/SRB-2 lowered the energy barrier of the rate-limiting step to facilitate Fe(IV) = O formation. This study proposes a strategy to design an efficient and stable LDH/biochar composite for removing emerging pollutants and offers deep mechanistic insights into the synergistic interplay between LDH and biochar, highlighting the critical role of the interlayer confinement effect in PMS activation.

292. 题目: Combined application of 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) and exogenous water-soluble organic carbon synergistically increases maize yield and reduces yield-scaled N2O emissions under an 18% reduction in nitrogen input
文章编号: N26021907
期刊: Plant and Soil
作者: Mingfu Gao, Weichao Yang, Dan Dong, Zongwei Xia, Hui Xu
更新时间: 2026-02-19
摘要: Background and aims Water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) is the most active component of soil organic carbon, yet its interaction with the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) on soil nitrogen–carbon release and crop yield remains poorly studied. Methods A maize (Zea mays L.) field experiment investigated the effects of intermittent WSOC input and DMPP on maize growth, nitrogen fertilizer utilization, and greenhouse gas emissions. The bulk residue after evaporation (RAE), derived from vitamin C industrial fermentation and primarily consisting of natural organic acids secreted by microorganisms, was used as a source of WSOC. Results RAE alone (Urea + RAE) raised maize yield by 6.25–8.39%, enhanced soil microbial activity and heterotrophic metabolism. It increased gene abundances for ammonia oxidation (AOB-amoA) and denitrification (narG, nirS), temporarily elevated N2O and CO2 fluxes, but did not significantly increase cumulative emissions. The influence of RAE on methane emissions was negligible. RAE also boosted nifH (nitrogen-fixing) gene copies and soil nitrogen content. DMPP alone improved maize yield and nitrogen use efficiency. It strongly suppressed AOB-amoA gene copies, mitigated RAE-induced N2O emissions, and lowered CO2 release. The combined treatment (Urea + DMPP + RAE) synergistically enhanced nitrogen agronomic efficiency, partial factor productivity of nitrogen, and grain yield by 43.74%, 19.53%, and 20.01%, respectively, surpassing conventional high-nitrogen fertilization. Conclusions Despite using less fertilizer, the combined treatment produced higher yield than the high-nitrogen control (High-Urea). It also achieved the lowest yield-scaled N2O emissions and the highest entropy-weighted score, suggesting dual benefits in yield enhancement and emission reduction.

293. 题目: Molecular insights into the coupled transformation of dissolved organic matter and arsenic in lake sediment driven by algal input under redox fluctuations
文章编号: N26021906
期刊: Water Research
作者: Yuanhang Li, Zhaoying Shen, Shaokang Zhang, Hang Fu, Yuheng Sun, Shoujuan Tang, Hong Huang, Lei Shi
更新时间: 2026-02-19
摘要: Algal organic matter (AOM) released during algal degradation promotes the mobilization of arsenic (As) from lake sediments into the overlying water. This process has been well studied under static anaerobic or aerobic conditions. However, owing to the complexity of AOM, the molecular mechanisms driving its dynamic changes and their impact on the coupled transformation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and As in sediments remain poorly understood under redox fluctuations. To address this gap, we investigated the effects of AOM input on As mobility and speciation by characterizing sediment DOM via Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry and three-dimensional excitation–emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy. In addition, we quantified As metabolism genes under sequential anaerobic, aerobic, and anaerobic conditions over 42 days. The exogenous AOM input contributed more to As release than endogenous sediment DOM, which ultimately provided more labile carbon (i.e., CHONS compounds) that was preferentially used by arsenate-, iron-, and sulfate-reducing bacteria (with 3.28-, 1.27-, and 4.88-fold increases in Geobacter, DsrB, and arsC gene copies, respectively). This process directly or indirectly enhanced As mobility during the initial anaerobic–aerobic stage. Subsequently, condensed aromatics and highly polymerized organic substances formed to further promote As migration during the final anaerobic stage. Integrating the As flux revealed a cumulative As release of 3371 µg∙m⁻² driven by AOM input during the incubation period, which was 4.79 times that without AOM input. Overall, our findings indicated that redox fluctuations contributed more to As mobility when AOM was present compared with static conditions. These findings provide a theoretical basis for managing As risks in eutrophic lakes.

294. 题目: Hydrothermal Humification of Wetland Biomass: Coproduction of Artificial Humic Acid and Endogenous Potassium-Driven Fulvic Acid
文章编号: N26021905
期刊: ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
作者: Junxia Wang, Shicheng Dong, Haiguang Fu, Nianhua Liu, Chengjie Guo, Xi Li, Xiaoqiang Cui, Youjun Zhang, Beibei Yan, Guanyi Chen
更新时间: 2026-02-19
摘要: The degradation of soil organic matter and nutrient depletion pose challenges for global agricultural sustainability. In this work, a hydrothermal humification (HTH) process was developed to simultaneously address these challenges by converting K-rich Canna indica biomass waste into artificial humic acids (HA) and K-enriched fulvic acids (FA-K) without external potassium sources. The results revealed that alkali concentration was the dominant factor, with 1 mol·L–1 NaOH yielding the highest HA yield (17.91% at 180 °C) by promoting lignocellulose depolymerization and polycondensation. Increasing alkalinity (≥1 mol·L–1 NaOH) promoted the migration of endogenous K, releasing over 81.54%–91.36% into the liquid phase. The released K+ preferentially associated with liquid-phase fulvic acid (LFA), forming −COO-K coordination complexes and reaching concentrations of 50.74–53.62 mg·g–1 under 1 mol·L–1 NaOH conditions. Spectroscopic analyses identified carboxylate groups (−COO–) as the primary coordination sites responsible for K retention within the oxidized aliphatic frameworks of LFA. A dual-pathway mechanism was proposed in which the lignin-derived aromatics polymerized into HA, while lipid/carbohydrate hydrolysates assembled into carboxyl-rich LFA acting as efficient potassium carriers. This study establishes a sustainable waste-to-resource approach for the concurrent production of humic substances and organic K fertilizers, offering a feasible pathway toward resource circularity and enhanced agricultural resilience.

295. 题目: Effects of biochar addition and semi-permeable membrane covering on aerobic composting: Insights into carbon–nitrogen transformations and bacterial community and function succession
文章编号: N26021904
期刊: Environmental Technology & Innovation
作者: Jinpeng Xiong, Shuangshuang Ma, Xiaoyi Wu, Chen Fang, Guangqun Huang
更新时间: 2026-02-19
摘要: This study investigated carbon and nitrogen transformations, as well as patterns in bacterial community structures and metabolic functions, during membrane-covered aerobic composting (MCAC), biochar-amended aerobic composting (BAAC), and conventional aerobic composting. Both MCAC and BAAC improved the composting aerobic environment, increased the abundance of organic matter-degrading bacteria and methane-oxidizing norank_f__Methylococcaceae, and downregulated the abundance of denitrifying bacteria and functional modules associated with methane generation and denitrification, thereby affecting carbon and nitrogen transformations. Compared with conventional composting, BAAC reduced cumulative CH4, N2O, and NH3 emissions by 29%, 16%, and 21%, respectively, while MCAC reduced cumulative CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions by 2%, 6%, and 68%, respectively. Under both treatments, nitrogen losses and global warming potential declined by 44%–50% and 16%–67%, respectively, alongside increases of 8%–10% in sanitization and 3%–4% in humification. Overall, BAAC was more effective in mitigating CH4 and NH3 emissions, whereas MCAC achieved remarkable N2O mitigation and offered lower implementation costs. These complementary strengths suggest that each approach holds considerable potential for practical application, and that integrating the two may further optimize composting performance while balancing environmental and economic outcomes.

296. 题目: The hydroxyl content of biochar mediates the coating structure to dominate the release performance of castor oil-based polyurethane coated urea
文章编号: N26021903
期刊: Environmental Research
作者: Zexi Li, Yufeng Chen, Ruhong Qin, Qianqian Dai, Chunxia Ding, A-juan Zhao, Xiangrong Liu, Fangfang Wu, Mei-e Zhong
更新时间: 2026-02-19
摘要: The hydroxyl group (-OH) functionality on biochar is pivotal in engineering its interface with polymer matrices for designing high-performance coated slow-release fertilizers (SRF). However, the quantitative impact of -OH density on the coating's mechanical strength, release persistence, and ultimate nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is still lacking. In this study, two biochars with distinct -OH contents (CS/CS70,0.82/1.96 mmol/g) were used to modify polyurethane (PU) coated SFSs. Results indicated that the presence of -OH in biochar significantly enhances the crosslinking density and solvent resistance of polyurethane. Nevertheless, excessive -OH was found to increase coating hydrophilicity and brittleness, degrading the performance. The resulting SRF exhibits an exceptionally long nutrient release longevity of 217 days. Pot experiments verified that this SRF effectively mitigated soil pH fluctuations, minimized nitrogen loss, and promoted plant nitrogen uptake, culminating in a 12.95% increase in tobacco leaf dry weight and a 15.55% improvement in NUE. This study unveils the mechanism of biochar functional groups in regulating coating properties and provides a strategic approach for developing environmentally friendly slow-release fertilizers to mitigate nutrient-related environmental risks.

297. 题目: Organic materials return: Enhanced crop yields and soil carbon sequestration but increased risk of greenhouse gas emissions
文章编号: N26021902
期刊: Journal of Environmental Management
作者: Guangxin Zhang, Yufeng Lv, Liqun Bao, Yanan Jiao, Yan Zhang, Dehao Zhao, Xiaoxia Wen, Juan Han, Yuncheng Liao
更新时间: 2026-02-19
摘要: Utilizing organic materials in farmland to synergistically enhance food security and mitigate climate change represents a key research frontier. However, a clear consensus is lacking regarding their overall impacts on crop yield, soil carbon sequestration, and greenhouse gas emissions, leading to considerable debate about this practice. Therefore, this study systematically quantified the effects and underlying mechanisms of incorporating four types of organic materials (straw, manure, biofertilizer, and biochar) by integrating 4624 field observations from 668 global studies using meta-analysis and random forest modeling. Results indicated that organic amendments increased crop yield by 16% and soil organic carbon by 25% on average. Biofertilizer and manure boosted yield most (+34% and +27%), while biochar performed best for carbon sequestration (+35%). Methane and carbon dioxide emissions rose by 16% and 7%, respectively, but nitrous oxide decreased by 19.67%. Importantly, biochar reduced global warming potential by 16.72%, whereas manure, biofertilizer, and straw increased it by 42%, 33%, and 36%. Climate, soil, and management practices significantly moderated these effects. Predictive models revealed continental variability: while yield and soil carbon benefits were consistent worldwide, significant greenhouse gas reductions occurred only in Europe and North America. Our findings underscore the importance of region-specific optimization-such as prioritizing biochar and adjusting nitrogen inputs-to synergistically achieve higher yields, carbon storage, and emissions reduction. The insights gained from this study provide a scientific basis for efficient resource use and sustainable agricultural development.

298. 题目: A coupled Hydro–Biogeochemical framework for evaluating lateral loss of soil organic carbon under land-use change at the basin scale
文章编号: N26021901
期刊: Journal of Environmental Management
作者: Guangchuang Zhang, Yiping Wu, Xixi Lu, Sergey Kivalov, Yuqian Lei, Georgii Alexandrov, Weiqin Dang, Yuheng Yang, Pengcheng Sun, Fan Wang, Xiankai Luo, Zexin Meng, Linjing Qiu, Fubo Zhao, Shuguang Liu, Ji Chen, Zhao Jin, Zhangdong Jin, Yongming Han
更新时间: 2026-02-19
摘要: The ‘Grain for Green’ (GFG) project is a key ecological restoration initiative in the Loess Plateau. The land use changes induced by GFG project have the potential to alter the spatial distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC), yet its impact on the lateral loss of SOC was not well understood or insufficiently quantified. This study was to develop a comprehensive framework using a coupled hydro-biological model (SWAT-DayCent) together with incorporating an empirical carbon enrichment coefficient for quantitatively assessing soil and SOC losses in a typical watershed in the Chinese Loess Plateau—the Weihe River Basin (WRB). The results revealed that the GFG project reduced cropland area from 58.64 × 103 km2 in 1995 to 54.55 × 103 km2 in 2020, while forest area expanded from 21.13 × 103 km2 in 1995 to 22.14 × 103 km2 in 2020. Grassland area initially declined from 50.20 × 103 km2 in 1995 to 49.62 × 103 km2 in 2000, before increasing to 51.39 × 103 km2 in 2020. Areas with high soil erosion and SOC loss in the basin are predominantly located in its western and southern regions, while low-value areas are mainly concentrated in the northern and central-eastern regions, exhibiting strong spatial heterogeneity. The GFG project significantly reduced the soil erosion and SOC loss in WRB, thereby enhancing regional soil carbon sequestration capacity. Compared to cropland-to-grassland conversion (CTG), the reduction in soil and SOC losses was more pronounced for cropland-to-forest conversion (CTF). Specifically, under the CTF program, soil erosion decreased from 1179.13 t km−2 yr−1 in the baseline period (1995, before GFG) to 15.24 t km−2 yr−1 (2015, about 99% reduction), and 98% reduction was found for SOC (from 10.29 t km−2 yr−1 to 0.22 t km−2 yr−1). For the CTG program, soil loss decreased by 76% (from 965.29 t km−2 yr−1 to 232.95 t km−2 yr−1), and SOC loss decreased by 74% (from 8.68 t km−2 yr−1 to 2.25 t km−2 yr−1). The findings of this study can be valuable for soil conservation and carbon sink management in the Loess Plateau, and the framework we developed can be potentially applicable in other areas.

299. 题目: Narrow pore size distribution biochar derived from distiller's grain wastes for gasoline vapor adsorption: Porous structure formation mechanism and structure-property relationship
文章编号: N26021416
期刊: Chemical Engineering Journal
作者: Linfeng Nie, Weiman Li, Guangxin Ma, Haidi Liu, Xin Zhou, Yunfa Chen
更新时间: 2026-02-14
摘要: The control of vehicle evaporative emissions has become increasingly critical, as they represent a significant source of atmospheric pollution. Activated carbon used in canisters serves as the key material for managing these emissions. However, research on the structure-property relationship between activated carbon pore structure and gasoline vapor adsorption performance remains insufficient. To address this, this work proposes a “waste control by waste” strategy, using distiller's grains (DG) from Baijiu production to produce biochar with a narrow pore size distribution for efficient gasoline vapor adsorption. The effects of activating agent ratio, activation atmosphere, and post-treatment (desiliconization) on pore structure were systematically investigated. By combining online analysis of evolved gases during activation with multiple characterization methods, the pore structure formation mechanism of DG-based biochar was elucidated. Among these activation factors, the activating agent H₃PO₄ acts as a dehydrating agent and a cross-linking promoter, inhibiting biomass pyrolysis and creating pores. Oxygen in the activation atmosphere helps form microporous structures. The post-treatment, desiliconization process, tailored etches Si and creates controlled 1–2 nm pores. Furthermore, through adsorption experiments at varying n-butane (gasoline vapor substitute) concentrations, the correlation between pore structure and adsorption performance was clarified. Notably, this work challenges the conventional understanding of the optimal pore size for VOC adsorption, which is regarded as 1.5–3 times the adsorbate kinetic diameter. The novel pore-concentration dependency is put forward. The optimal sample (1.75DGP-Air) demonstrated high adsorption capacity, low isosteric adsorption heat, and excellent cycling stability, providing both theoretical and practical guidance for developing high-performance gasoline vapor adsorption materials.

300. 题目: Phosphorus Adsorption in Histosols: Effects of Multivalent Cation and Soil Organic Matter Characteristics
文章编号: N26021415
期刊: European Journal of Soil Science
作者: Fabiana Gavelaki, Nerilde Favaretto, Carla Gomes Albuquerque, Eloana Janice Bonfleur, Jeferson Dieckow, Volnei Pauletti, Vander Freitas Melo
更新时间: 2026-02-14
摘要: Aware of the environmental and agronomic benefits and disadvantages of phosphate (H 2 P) retention in soils, we hypothesized that the adsorption of H 2 P by the soil organic matter (SOM) is intensified by cation bridges and resulting ternary structures SOM‐cation‐H 2 P. The objective was to evaluate H 2 P adsorption as affected by the addition of different multivalent cations and by SOM characteristics, supposedly by formed ternary structures SOM‐cation‐H 2 P. The study was carried out with six samples of subtropical Histosols identified as 2B, 2C, 3B, 3C, 4B and 4D collected at 0–0.05 m and treated with HF to concentrate SOM. The pH of treated samples was standardized to 5.0 and cation exchange capacities (CEC) of samples were saturated with Ca 2+ , Al 3+ , La 3+ and Ce 4+ to induce cation bridges. We used data of analytical pyrolysis of SOM to relate SOM characteristics with our data of cation bridges and H 2 P adsorption. After HF treatment, the TOC content increased, for example, by 84% in sample 3B (to 460 g kg −1 ) and 186% in 4B (to 458 g kg −1 ). H 2 P adsorption on SOM in control sample without cation addition ranged from 121 to 556 mg P kg −1 and was attributed to the direct formation of the binary structures SOM(NH 3 + )‐H 2 P. Multivalent cations had two opposite effects regarding H 2 P adsorption, one positive by formation of the ternary structures SOM‐cation‐H 2 P, and another negative by flocculation of organic colloids and occlusion of adsorption sites, making them unavailable for H 2 P adsorption. The tetravalent cation Ce 4+ was the most efficient to form the ternary structures SOM‐cation‐H 2 P, associating even with the less likely protonated phenol (OH). The cation Al 3+ , predominant in acidic soils, even with the strong hydrolysis reaction at pH 5.0, was more efficient than La 3+ in the formation of ternary structures SOM‐cation‐H 2 P.