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21. 题目: Soil carbon formation is promoted by saturation deficit and existing mineral-associated carbon, not by microbial carbon-use efficiency
文章编号: N25061402
期刊: Science Advances
作者: Alison E King, Noah W Sokol
更新时间: 2025-06-14
摘要: Mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) is the largest terrestrial pool of organic carbon, yet controls on its formation remain unresolved. Existing MAOC is thought to preclude additional C storage on minerals, but this perspective is difficult to reconcile with observations that MAOC stacks in multilayers, suggesting that existing MAOC could promote greater C retention. Here, in a manipulative experiment using 118 soils from 15 agricultural sites across the United States, we show that MAOC formation is promoted by both existing MAOC and its counterpart—MAOC saturation deficit. The positive effect of existing MAOC on the formation of new MAOC persists after accounting for soil physicochemical properties that covary with MAOC. In contrast with current theory, we found that MAOC formation was not clearly influenced by microbial carbon-use efficiency (CUE). Our findings demonstrate that existing MAOC and saturation deficit, not microbial CUE, are key to determining new MAOC formation in agricultural soils.

22. 题目: Inundation of different river bank heights influences organic matter concentrations and zooplankton abundance
文章编号: N25061401
期刊: Limnology and Oceanography
作者: James N Hitchcock, Andrew J Brooks, Tim Haeusler, Paul J McInerney, Dane F Parsons, Ross M Thompson
更新时间: 2025-06-14
摘要: Regulation and water extraction change flow regimes in lowland rivers, affecting ecosystem functions and wetting patterns of riverbanks. River connectivity to lateral environments is crucial for organic matter cycling and the life cycles of diapausing microinvertebrates. While extreme hydraulic periods (floods and cease‐flow) are well‐studied, the impact of small to medium flows on riverine carbon flux is less understood. We conducted a mesocosm study to examine litter, nutrient, and zooplankton contributions from different bank heights in the Mehi River, Australia. Sediment from three bank heights (lower, lower + middle, and lower + middle + upper) was added to 1000 L mesocosms. Upper bank heights had more organic matter, leaf litter, and live plant coverage. Sediment from upper and middle banks increased organic carbon and phosphorus concentrations. Zooplankton abundance was higher in treatments with upper bank sediment compared to lower bank sediment. Zooplankton communities varied, with rotifer taxa including Keratella valga and Filinia passa in upper bank treatments. We estimated zooplankton biomass contributions under current regulated hydrology and compared them to a predevelopment scenario without water extraction. Regulation has reduced zooplankton input from banks by about 8.8%. Inundating higher banks increases carbon and microinvertebrate availability for food webs compared to only inundating lower sections. These findings inform effective flow management strategies and highlight how targeted environmental water use can enhance lowland river ecosystem productivity.

23. 题目: Layered Double Hydroxide Composite Materials Based on Biochar from Low-Temperature Carbonization for Efficient and Simultaneous Degradation of Multiple Antibiotics in Water: Performance and Mechanism
文章编号: N25061310
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Fang Yang, Yongwei Han, Zhong Sun, Xixin Duan
更新时间: 2025-06-13
摘要: Corn stover powder was pretreated with LiBr molten salt hydrate to convert biomass to uniform carbon spheres (140-0.6-CC) at a relatively low temperature (140 ℃). Then, biochar was modified by zero-valent cobalt and a novel MnFe-LDH@Co-CC composite was obtained by in-situ growth of MnFe-LDH. The synthesized heterogeneous catalytic materials were used to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to degrade multiple antibiotics present in water simultaneously. Changes in solution pH and coexisting ions had little impact on the degradation effect. In particular, the removal rates of mixed antibiotics at low-temperature of 4 ℃ still maintained a high level. The results of quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis showed that both ¹O₂, $\bullet \mathrm{OH}$, ${\bullet \mathrm{O}}_2^{-}$,${\mathrm{SO}}_4^{\bullet -}$ are important for the degradation of antibiotics, in which ¹O₂ is dominant. The new heterogeneous catalytic system based on biochar carbonized at low temperature can degrade mixed antibiotics and is a promising environmental remediation strategy.

24. 题目: Characterization and mechanism of phosphorus adsorption from wastewater by lanthanum calcium doped sludge/wheat straw biochar
文章编号: N25061309
期刊: Frontiers in Environmental Science
作者: Weijin Gong, Chenhan Tao, Zhenbang Tian, Zuohua Huang, Hongtao Lin, Chaozhi Qi, Zhengyang Yu, Lina Guo
更新时间: 2025-06-13
摘要: The disposal of sludge and the treatment of phosphorus in water bodies are significant environmental challenges. This study explores the adsorption performance and mechanism of lanthanum-calcium modified sludge/wheat straw biochar (LC-SWBC). LC-SWBC was prepared through a one-step hydrothermal carbonization process and was used to remove phosphorus from water. The results indicate that La(OH)3 and Ca(OH)2 were successfully loaded onto the surface of the biochar. The adsorption of phosphates by LC-SWBC follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir model, with a maximum theoretical adsorption capacity of 80.78 mg P/g. LC-SWBC exhibits selective adsorption of phosphate under competitive anion experiments. In actual wastewater treatment, LC-SWBC can effectively remove phosphates, achieving a total phosphorus concentration of 0.77 mg/L at a dosage of 0.4 g/L, meet the discharge standard of class I B pollutants (1 mg/L) in GB 18918-2002 of China. In addition, the hydrothermal liquid of LC-SWBC is primarily composed of organic phosphorus (OP); after adsorption, the main component in the biochar LC-SWBC-P is apatite phosphate (AP), both of which provide biochemical utilization conditions for phosphorus resource recovery and recycling.

25. 题目: Trends in Global Black Carbon Emissions and Population Exposure from 1700 to 2021
文章编号: N25061308
期刊: Environmental Science & Technology
作者: Min Shan, Rong Dai, Yaqi Zhu, Shuxiu Zheng, Jinghang Wang, Heng Zhang, Yujiaqian Chen, Rongcan Chen, Jianmin Ma, Guofeng Shen, Hefa Cheng, Qirui Zhong, Huizhong Shen, Chen Wang, Shu Tao
更新时间: 2025-06-13
摘要: Black carbon (BC) emission inventories are essential tools for tackling the dual challenges of climate change and air pollution. However, uncertainties in source attribution, emission factors, and temporal-spatial variability often lead to biased BC emission inventories. By integrating recently published energy consumption data from residential and industrial sectors with field-measured emission factors, we developed a novel BC inventory with a high spatial resolution of 0.1°×0.1° on a monthly basis. This inventory highlights the evolution of BC from 1700 to 2021, spanning the preindustrial era to the present, providing a valuable tool for assessing human interventions in air pollution and climate. Indoor exposure is included for the first time. While ambient BC concentrations mirrored the emissions trend, indoor BC concentrations shifted in the opposite direction, driven by the transition from solid fuels to clean energy in the residential sector. Consequently, population exposure, predominantly influenced by indoor exposure, decreased from 29.7 (28.0–31.6) μg/m³ in 1700 to 8.8 (8.2–9.4) μg/m³ in 2021 on a global average. Females were exposed to higher BC levels than males due to spending more time in kitchens.

26. 题目: Characteristics of Changes to POC and MAOC After Straw Returning in China: A Meta‐Analysis
文章编号: N25061307
期刊: Land Degradation & Development
作者: Ning Yang, Miaomiao Zhang, Xiping Pan, Pengfei Dang, Shiguang Wang, Xiaoqing Han, Xiaofan Wang, Cuihong Zhang, Min Meng, Wen Wang, Xinghua Zhang, Kadambot H M Siddique, Yajun Li, Xiaoliang Qin
更新时间: 2025-06-13
摘要: Straw returning is widely practiced in China to enhance soil organic carbon (SOC). However, how it affects SOC fractions—specifically, particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral‐associated organic carbon (MAOC) remains unclear. In this meta‐analysis, we synthesized 792 paired observations to assess the impacts of straw returning on SOC fractions across diverse climatic conditions, soil properties, and agronomic practices in China. The results showed that straw returning significantly increased SOC, with a larger contribution from POC than MAOC. The enhancement of POC decreased with rising mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP), while MAOC increased under these same conditions. Higher quantities of straw input led to greater increases in POC and MAOC. Conventional tillage had a more favorable effect on SOC, POC, and MAOC than no‐tillage systems when combined with straw returning. The most substantial improvements were observed with straw returning durations between 5 and 10 years. Soils with neutral and high C/N ratios exhibited greater potential for carbon sequestration. Furthermore, optimal application rates of nitrogen (100–240 kg ha−1 year−1), phosphorus (110–200 kg ha−1 year−1), and potassium (80–160 kg ha−1 year−1) fertilizers maximized POC accumulation by promoting aboveground biomass and enhancing soil aggregate formation. This study provides new insights into how well‐managed straw returning can improve the stabilization and functioning of soil organic carbon pools, offering a scientific foundation for developing regional straw management strategies.

27. 题目: Unexpectedly stable soil organic carbon in tidal marshes under combined nitrogen loading and increased inundation compared to individual effects
文章编号: N25061306
期刊: Limnology and Oceanography
作者: Tianning Fan, Jiafang Huang, Guopeng Liang, Shengen Liu, Dehong Hu, Lifei Su, Yi Liu, YuanBin Cai, Shihua Li, Pingping Guo, Min Luo, Chuan Tong
更新时间: 2025-06-13
摘要: Tidal marshes serve as critical carbon (C) sinks, yet face increasing threats from global environmental changes. While previous research has documented how nitrogen (N) loading and sea‐level rise affect total C pools individually, their impacts on soil organic carbon (SOC) stabilization remain critically underexplored, particularly when these factors co‐occur in tidal marsh ecosystems. Through a 3‐yr field experiment, we analyzed how these factors, alone and combined, impact SOC stabilization by examining SOC fraction dynamics. Results showed that N loading increased particulate organic carbon (POC) by 18% and decreased mineral‐associated organic carbon (MAOC) by 13%, reducing SOC stabilization. Conversely, increased inundation raised MAOC by 31% and decreased POC by 19%, promoting SOC stabilization. The decreased MAOC under N loading stemmed from reduced fungal necromass C, while the increased POC related to lower phenol oxidase activity. In contrast, with increased inundation, MAOC rose due to iron‐bound organic C (Fe‐OC) accumulation, while POC declined from increased phenol oxidase activity. When both factors were applied together, SOC stabilization remained at control levels. This occurred because the combined effect maintained oxidative enzyme activities and thus retained POC levels. The simultaneous reduction in fungal necromass C and enhancement of Fe‐OC associations established complementary mechanisms that maintained MAOC at levels equivalent to control. Our findings reveal that N loading and increased inundation drive contrasting patterns of SOC stabilization, while their combination produces uniquely stabilized C dynamics. This insight challenges single‐factor predictions and underscores the importance of multi‐factor experiments in understanding ecosystem responses under concurrent global change scenarios.

28. 题目: Tracking microplastic-derived dissolved organic matter in the adsorption of its mixtures with natural organic matter via end-member mixing analysis
文章编号: N25061305
期刊: Environmental Research
作者: Rabia Zafar, Yun Kyung Lee, Haeseong Oh, Jin Hur
更新时间: 2025-06-13
摘要: Microplastic-derived dissolved organic matter (MP-DOM) has emerged as an environmental concern due to its co-existence with, and compositional similarities to, aquatic natural organic matter (NOM), potentially influencing adsorption-based environmental processes. This study evaluated the use of fluorescence-based indices to discriminate MP-DOM from NOM in mixtures during adsorption onto kaolinite and granular activated carbon (GAC), and to quantify MP-DOM contributions using end-member mixing analysis (EMMA). Individually, aquatic NOM exhibited higher adsorption (53.5 ± 0.2%) than MP-DOM (30.1 ± 0.5% for PE-DOM and 35.8 ± 1.0% for PLA-DOM) on kaolinite. Similar trends were observed on GAC, with NOM adsorption reaching 70.3 ± 1.2% compared to 51.7 ± 1.0% (PE-DOM) and 60.2 ± 1.5% (PLA-DOM). In mixtures, non-linear adsorption patterns suggested steric or hindrance effects influencing NOM adsorption. Among the tested optical indices, the log-transformed (H+P)/L fluorescence ratio was the most effective for MP-DOM discrimination during adsorption and was applied to quantify MP-DOM contribution via EMMA. Results revealed non-ideal mixing behaviors, driven by synergistic effects, that varied depending on adsorbent type and mixing ratio. Kaolinite exhibited enhanced MP-DOM adsorption at 20–50% MP-DOM content, likely due to surface functionalization by NOM, which promoted hydrogen bonding and ligand exchange. In contrast, MP-DOM adsorption on GAC declined with increasing MP-DOM content, dropping to 12.1 ± 0.5% (PE-DOM) and 28.2 ± 0.7% (PLA-DOM) at 75% MP-DOM, likely due to pore blockage by preferentially adsorbed NOM. These findings validate the use of fluorescence-based tracer as cost-effective and reliable tools for MP-DOM tracking in adsorption studies and highlight distinct competitive interactions across adsorbents. Further research is recommended to validate these findings under varied environmental conditions and with alternative source-tracking tools, such as stable isotope- labeled DOM.

29. 题目: Supervised Learning Algorithm Reveals the Mechanistic Role of Extracellular Polymeric Substances in Biofouling of an Anaerobic Electrochemical Membrane Bioreactor
文章编号: N25061304
期刊: ACS ES&T Engineering
作者: Chengxin Niu, Bo Zhou, Xueye Wang, Ruobin Dai, Zhiwei Wang
更新时间: 2025-06-13
摘要: Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)-related biofouling in anaerobic electrochemical membrane bioreactors (AnEMBR) is commonly mitigated, yet the underlying mechanisms require further elucidation. This study developed an electrochemical anaerobic membrane bioreactor to mitigate membrane fouling by modulating the EPS properties. Compared to the control AnMBR, the AnEMBR achieved a 67.7% reduction in fouling at a voltage of 1.2 V. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) further revealed a 47.5% decrease in the fluorescence intensity of EPS-protein foulants within the fouling layer. Furthermore, tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) concentrations in the AnEMBR decreased by 34.2%, contributing to the control of irreversible membrane fouling. To investigate the intrinsic role of EPS in fouling, a predictive membrane fouling model was developed using a supervised learning algorithm trained on experimental EPS data sets. After hyperparameter optimization, the model demonstrated excellent predictive performance with an R² of 0.92. Shapley Additive exPlanations analysis identified TB-EPS proteins as the most critical factor influencing membrane fouling. Partial dependence plots further elucidated the marginal effects of different EPS fractions on membrane fouling and their respective partial dependence characteristics. Finally, quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) validated the model’s predictions, revealing that TB-EPS in the AnEMBR formed a less viscoelastic and more removable biofouling layer compared to the AnMBR. This study highlights the mechanistic role of EPS in AnEMBR biofouling and underscores their significance for advancing sustainable strategies to mitigate membrane fouling in wastewater treatment systems.

30. 题目: Investigation on the mechanism of dissolved organic matter degradation in printing and dyeing wastewater by plasma-treated La0.5Sr0.5CoO3-δ activating persulfate
文章编号: N25061303
期刊: Chemical Engineering Journal
作者: Yang Yang, Jingyuan Wang, Tong Xu, Bin Zhu, Xiaomin Zhang
更新时间: 2025-06-13
摘要: Perovskite-based catalytic oxidation of persulfate is a promising approach for treating printing and dyeing wastewater. Nevertheless, conventional perovskite catalysts suffer from low specific surface area and a limited amount of active surface sites, which restrict the activation efficiency of persulfate. Additionally, the characteristics of dissolved organic matter in wastewater and its degradation and transformation during catalytic oxidation remain to be investigated. Herein, we employed a novel plasma-discharge treatment strategy for A-doped perovskite catalysts used in persulfate oxidation processes for wastewater treatment. In the O₂ plasma-treated perovskite activated persulfate system, the pollutant removal rate reached 96.86 % under the optimal experiment conditions. The pollutants degradation rate was three times that of the perovskite-activated persulfate system, owing to the promoted activation of persulfate. Catalyst characterization revealed that the specific surface area of La_0.5Sr_0.5CoO_3-δ-OP was 1.6 times that of LaCoO₃, concurrently confirming the formation of oxygen vacancies in the catalyst structure and the generation of active free radicals. After La_0.5Sr_0.5CoO_3-δ-OP/ persulfate treatment, the effluent quality met discharge standards. The results of three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry showed that refractory organic compounds were clearly degraded, with a notable increase in the molecular diversity of dissolved organic matter during the treatment process. This study offers an innovative wastewater treatment approach and theoretical insights into dissolved organic matter degradation mechanisms in advanced oxidation processes.

31. 题目: Age‐based δ15N and δ13C values of otolith organic matter reveal trophic ecology in marine fishes
文章编号: N25061302
期刊: Limnology and Oceanography Letters
作者: Mu‐Ting Li, Jen‐Chieh Shiao, Chien‐Hsiang Lin, Li‐Ling Kao, Han‐Chun Hsiao, Chi‐Yuan Hsieh, Pei‐Ling Wang, Peter Grønkjær, Ming‐Tsung Chung
更新时间: 2025-06-13
摘要: Fish inhabiting similar environments face space and resource constraints, develop diverse feeding strategies, and adjust their trophic niches during ontogeny to reduce competition. To investigate this process, we reconstructed the trophic trajectory of five species of the family Sciaenidae by analyzing δ13C and δ15N values in otolith organic matter along the growth axis of the otolith. We developed and optimized the approach by aligning isotope values with an age range estimated using growth ring counts and three‐dimensional scanning of otolith morphology during organic matter extraction. δ13C values indicated habitat shifts, and δ15N values provided insights into trophic level changes, showing that sciaenids use benthic resources throughout their lifespan and may move closer to estuarine environments at approximately an age range from 1.5 to 3 yr old. During the early life stages, their diet consists of herbivores. As they grow, competition among age groups and species appears to be minimized.

32. 题目: Great Potential of Biochar Application in Reducing Greenhouse Gases While Increasing the Yield in Acidic Soil of Global Cropland
文章编号: N25061301
期刊: Land Degradation & Development
作者: Muhammad Aurangzeib, Shaoliang Zhang, Sihua Yan, Zhang Chengbo, Wang Hao, Pengke Yan
更新时间: 2025-06-13
摘要: Biochar's ability to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, global warming potential (GWP), greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI), and its impact on yield remain unclear due to the variation in biochar properties, initial acidic soil properties, and experimental and climatic conditions. This study aimed to determine the biochar potential in mitigating GWP and GHGI while simultaneously increasing yield in acidic soils through a meta‐analysis of 288 publications combined with a random forest regression structure model and global predictions. The results showed that in soil pH < 7, biochar produced at pyrolysis temperature < 550°C typically decreased the GWP (−11%) and GHGI (−24%) by reducing CH4 (−16%), N2O (−13%), while increasing CO2 (12%). Biochar application in tropic climates (mean annual temperature: 18°C–32°C, mean annual precipitation: 1000–3000 mm) is highly effective in increasing yield by 31%. The relatively most important factor influencing biochar potential was initial soil cation exchange capacity (24%) for GWP, soil organic matter (19%) for GHGI, and biochar nitrogen (29%) for yield. The random forest regression model predicted that biochar increased maximum yield (effect size (lnRR) = 0.393–0.651) in 15% and decreased maximum GWP (lnRR = −0.911 to −0.422) in 6.4% of acidic soils globally. However, biochar was least effective in increasing yield in acidic soils with high organic matter (> 2%) and led to increased GWP (lnRR = 0.023–0.236) in areas with high mean annual temperatures (> 20.9°C). For GHGI reduction, biochar was most effective in acidic soils with low total nitrogen (< 1%). Overall, the study highlighted and predicted the biochar potential to mitigate GWP and GHGI and increase production in acidic soils of diversified geographical regions.

33. 题目: Can Organic Matter in Brownfield Soils Reach the Same Level and Quality as in Natural Soils in the Same Area? Study of Soils Long-Term Contaminated With Trace Metals Under Moderate Climate Conditions in Poland
文章编号: N25061207
期刊: Land Degradation & Development
作者: Messias de Carvalho, Krystyna Ciarkowska
更新时间: 2025-06-12
摘要: We investigated whether old, self-restored brownfield soils could store similar amounts of soil organic matter (SOM) to natural, reference soils, which would make them valuable for the environment in the fight against global warming. The brownfield soils came from heaps formed after Zn/Pb ore, coal extraction and from the environs of an Fe-smelter. They differed in age (50–400 years); all were covered with grass. We examined: soil pH, texture, enzyme activity, and C, N, P, K, CaCO₃ contents, Zn, Pb and Cd contamination of soils and grasses and biomass, lignin, Ca, K, P, Na contents of grasses. SOM stabilisation was evaluated through the analysis of the humic acids (HAs) composition and optical properties. In all soils, the mean C stocks ranged from 5.8 to 10.3 kg/m² and were similar to these in the reference soils, but the HAs of the brownfield soils had a more aliphatic structure and lower maturity, thus less stabilised SOM than the reference soils. High C accumulation in brownfield soils resulted from the high biomass, especially roots, of the well-adapted plants covering these soils, which were also rich in lignin, accumulated as a protection against stress. A lower SOM stabilisation of brownfield soils than of reference ones was caused by their high TMs contamination, but it differed according to the combined effects of both: the soil age (being more stabilised in older soils) and a disturbance degree (more stabilised in less disturbed industrial soils than mine ones).

34. 题目: Enhanced sulfate adsorption in mine water via Fe-Zr bimetal modified ginkgo leaf-derived biochar: Mechanistic insights and DFT calculations
文章编号: N25061206
期刊: Separation and Purification Technology
作者: Peidong Su, Jiawei Tang, Miaomiao Wu, Xinlei Guo, Chunhui Zhang, Qiang Guo, Zhaofeng Liu, Jie Li, Junke Zhang
更新时间: 2025-06-12
摘要: Elevated sulfate (SO₄^2-) concentrations in mine water pose a significant environmental challenge in mining regions across China, traditional treatment methods (e.g., coagulation, sedimentation, filtration) cannot reduce the concentration of SO₄^2- to below the emission limit of 250 mg/L. To address this issue, we prepared a novel Fe-Zr bimetal-functionalized ginkgo leaf-derived biochar (Zr/Fe@GBC-BM) through pyrolysis and high-energy ball milling for efficient SO₄^2- removal. The characterization results revealed that Zr was predominantly present as monoclinic-phase ZrO₂ crystals, while Fe existed in the form of trivalent iron oxide (Fe₂O₃) on the biochar surface. Furthermore, Fe and Zr were found to interact with surface hydroxyl groups (–OH) of the pristine biochar, forming Zr-OH and Fe-OH complexes, which played a critical role in SO₄^2- adsorption. Static adsorption experiments demonstrated that Zr/Fe@GBC-BM achieved a remarkable SO₄^2- removal efficiency exceeding 95 % under optimized conditions, even in the presence of competing anions. Thermodynamic and kinetic analyses indicated that the adsorption mechanism involved a combination of physical adsorption (van der Waals interactions), electrostatic attraction, and ion exchange between SO₄^2- and surface-bound hydroxyl groups (Zr-OH/Fe-OH). To elucidate the adsorption behaviour at the atomic level, density functional theory (DFT) simulations were performed using Materials Studio. The computational results revealed significant charge transfer between specific carbon atoms (biochar matrix) and oxygen atoms (SO₄^2-), confirming the strong adsorption affinity between SO₄^2- and Zr/Fe@GBC-BM. In summary, this study presents a highly efficient and stable adsorbent for sulfate removal from mine water, offering both mechanistic insights and practical applicability. The findings provide a valuable foundation for developing cost-effective and sustainable strategies for mine water remediation.

35. 题目: Mechanisms of integrated porous biochar and Fe3O4 in modulating carbon emissions and humification in co-composting of cattle manure and wheat stalk
文章编号: N25061205
期刊: Chemical Engineering Journal
作者: Xu Yang, Cong Shao, Miaoqu Wang, Wanqiang Zhang, Wenxin Zhang, Haoduo Bai, Jie Zhang, Cleophas Achisa Mecha, Rong-Hua Li
更新时间: 2025-06-12
摘要: This study comparatively investigated the distinct roles of porous biochar and Fe₃O₄ on humification and carbon emissions during co-composting of cattle manure and wheat straw. Four treatments were established: CL (control), PB (5 % porous biochar), FO (5 % Fe₃O₄), and FB (5 % porous biochar + 5 % Fe₃O₄), through a 42-day aerobic composting. The organic matter (OM) degradation increased by 9.97 %, 26.82 % and 24.92 % in PB, FO and FB treatments, respectively compared to CL. Cumulative CH₄ emissions were measured as 231.20 mg (CL), 79.52 mg (PB), 1486.83 mg (FO), and 521.14 mg (FB). After composting, humic acid (HA) levels reached 128.61, 130.77, 122.31, and 105.08 g/kg, reflecting increases of 20.84 %, 34.41 %, 34.26 %, and 19.25 % respectively. Further mechanisms analysis revealed that PB and FO treatments intensified the lignin-protein pathway of humification, via enhancing the stability of microbial communities in PB treatment and reinforcing fungal core functional groups in FO treatment for HA formation. Notably, the combination of porous biochar and Fe₃O₄ in FB treatment significantly reduced carbon emissions and inhibited HA formation by increasing microbial functional redundancy and reducing community stability, in comparison to FO treatment. This study systematically elucidated the applicability of iron oxide and biochar within composting systems and provides empirical validation for their functional optimization in organic waste management.

36. 题目: Advancing humic acids extraction procedures: A review of methods, innovations, and sustainability challenges
文章编号: N25061204
期刊: Separation and Purification Technology
作者: Esmaeil Allahkarami, Ebrahim Allahkarami, Bahram Rezai, Amirreza Azadmehr
更新时间: 2025-06-12
摘要: This paper provides a review of various methods for extracting humic acids from coal, focusing on their efficiency, and environmental challenges. Humic acids, a critical organic compound, is used extensively in agriculture to improve soil fertility, in environmental remediation to detoxify pollutants, and in various industrial applications. The primary sources for humic acids extraction include lignite and leonardite, while common extraction methods involve alkaline extraction followed by acid precipitation, along with other emerging techniques such as hydrothermal, enzymatic, and microwave-assisted methods. Each method offers specific benefits and drawbacks. Alkaline extraction, while effective in isolating humic acids, often involve hazardous chemicals and energy-intensive processes, posing sustainability challenges. Newer methods, such as supercritical fluid extraction, ultrasonic waves, and microwave-assisted extraction, are emerging as promising alternatives that reduce processing time and environmental impact. These innovative approaches demonstrate potential in optimizing yield, enhancing purity, and minimizing ecological footprints. Future research should prioritize refining these green extraction techniques and exploring integration with other coal by-product recovery operations to maximize resource utilization and minimize waste. Overall, advancing sustainable extraction methodologies for humic acids not only addresses pressing environmental concerns but also leverages an abundant resource to support circular economy models and foster environmental stewardship across coal-dependent industries.

37. 题目: Nitrogen-doped porous biochar with p-π conjugated structure for efficient visible-light photocatalytic amine oxidation integrated with CO2 reduction
文章编号: N25061203
期刊: Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy
作者: Qingqing Liu, Lan Zhou, Yuhua Zeng, Qiaolan Fang, Xing Deng, Wenzhou Zhong, Liqiu Mao
更新时间: 2025-06-12
摘要: Developing low-cost and efficient metal-free carbon-based photocatalysts is of great significance but remains a challenge for light-driven selective organic synthesis integrated with CO₂ reduction. Herein, the N/O functional groups and high specific surface areas of porous biochars are dexterously designed by one-pot pyrolysis of waste coconut shell with combining tripolycyanamide and K₂CO₃ co-modification, and demonstrate the high performance of the obtained porous biomass-derived biochar photocatalysts with photogenerated holes and electrons on the synergistic coupling amine dehydrogenation oxidation and reaction of CO₂ reduction to HCOOH, which can swiftly convert 86.0% of benzylamine into N-benzylidenebenzylamine with a selectivity of 99.9% under visible-light radiation. This coconut shell-derived biochar exhibits a wide generality for various aromatic amines, accompanied by the advantages of good recyclability and stability. Structure analysis and theoretical calculations reveal that the construction of the orbital interaction between the p-orbital on nitrogen and π-orbitals of polyaromatics with the terminal carboxylic acid groups greatly boosts the photogenerated charge-carrier separation, and reduce the possibility of recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes along with the layered graphitic structure. Meanwhile, the polyaromatic carboxylic acid groups and graphitic-N moieties serve as active sites with the π-π electron-donor-acceptor interactions for the adsorption/activation of amines and CO₂, which promotes the synergistic oxidation-reduction process.

38. 题目: Feasibility of Algal Biochar, a Byproduct of Biofuel Production, as a Supplemental Cementitious Material
文章编号: N25061202
期刊: ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
作者: Lan Li, Zihao Li, Chao Zeng, Jing Wu, Yuntian Teng, Mark Rhodes, Jarrod Crum, Andrew Schmidt, Peter J Valdez, Carlos A Fernandez
更新时间: 2025-06-12
摘要: Algal biochar, as the solid residue of biofuel production from algal biomass, is reported to explore disposition options, aiming to lessen the liability or obstacles to biofuel production processes. However, landfills and open combustion lead to adverse environmental impacts. One way to add value to such wastes is to use them as admixtures in cementitious construction materials. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of algae-derived biochar as supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) at different water contents and mixture ratios. Algal biochar-cement composites were prepared with different algal biochar content as well as different water-to-cement (w/c) ratios, and the surface area, morphology, elemental, and mineralogical composition were characterized. To compensate for the high-water absorption of algal biochar, a small concentration of a superplasticizer was used since higher w/c ratios negatively impact strength. The mechanical performance of algal biochar-cement composites is compared with control composites using commercial silica fume as a typical commercial SCM. The findings suggest that algal biochar is a promising candidate to replace commercial SCM, like silica fume, since algal biochar-cement composites can reach comparable compressive strength and Young’s modulus to commercial pozzolan-cement materials with the same w/c ratio, though at later curing times, 33 days. Although the tensile strength of algal biochar-cement composites is statistically similar at 7 days, it is significantly lower at later curing times, and further investigation is required to improve this property. Algal biochar-based cement binders showed comparable embodied carbon to silica fume-based cement binders based on a cradle-to-gate lifecycle analysis. However, the ability of algal biochar to absorb large volumes of CO₂ over short periods of time, as measured in this study, makes this novel SCM an excellent alternative to reduce the embodied carbon of concrete structures cradle-to-grave at 1/10 of the cost. Valorization of algae-derived solid waste provides great potential to reduce embodied carbon and brings credit to biofuel production and concrete-based construction.

39. 题目: Oxygen-driven thiol-activated ROS generation by particulate organic matter: Deciphering the role of interface-accelerated organic radical chain reaction
文章编号: N25061201
期刊: Water Research
作者: Yixuan Wang, Chenghao Ge, Yuhong Huang, Wenxiu Qin, Xueyuan Gu, Donald L Sparks, Dongmei Zhou
更新时间: 2025-06-12
摘要: Particulate organic matter (POM), a major component of natural organic matter (NOM), plays a crucial but poorly understood role in dark reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. This study revealed that thiols exhibited superior activation capacity for POM-mediated ROS production, with hydroxyl radical (^•OH) yields 1.4-6.1 times higher than that of dissolved Fe(II). Oxygen acted as a terminal electron acceptor in thiol-activated POM systems, sustaining ROS generation via organic radical chain reactions. Batch experiments demonstrated that thiol donated electrons via -SH groups, with surface-active quinones on POM facilitating electron transfer, as evidenced by ¹³C NMR, FTIR, and XPS analyses. Model experiment and DFT calculation confirmed that quinones lower the energy barrier for Cys oxidation, initiating radical chain reactions to produce RS^• and SQ^•-, leading to significant ^•OH generation in the Cys/BQ system (120.7 μM). Kaolinite particulates in POM further enhanced ^•OH yields by 88% through surface-mediated radical chain propagation. This ROS-mediated process not only enhanced Cys transformation, but also altered POM surface properties and facilitated As(III) oxidation. These findings provide a deeper understanding of the role of POM in environmental redox chemistry and its implications for contaminant transformation and geochemical cycling, and pave the way for further research into the behavior of free radical intermediates in environmental applications.

40. 题目: Stemflow Fluorescence Predicts Lignin Composition and Phenolic Monomer Yield for Trees
文章编号: N25061113
期刊: ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
作者: Robyn C O’Halloran, Alison J Shapiro, Yagya Gupta, Jennifer J Guerard, Dillon Siple, Sunitha Sadula, Thomas H Epps, , Dionisios G Vlachos, Delphis F Levia
更新时间: 2025-06-11
摘要: Lignin is a promising renewable feedstock to produce chemicals, fuels, and materials, yet a major challenge for lignocellulosic biorefineries is the significant variation in lignin content and structure. Traditional lignin characterization approaches require time-intensive, wet laboratory procedures, highlighting the need for rapid and reliable characterization methods to quantify lignin content and deconstruction products. This study presents a noninvasive, preharvest approach to determine lignin content, total phenolic monomer yield, and syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) unit ratios in tree biomass from reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF) utilizing the optical properties of stemflow dissolved organic matter (DOM) as a proxy. A significant relationship between fluorescent signatures in stemflow DOM and constituent-specific composition (bark, twigs/branchlets, foliage) is identified, and stepwise multiple linear regression models showcase stemflow DOM component utilization to estimate lignin content, total phenolic monomer yield, and S/G ratio. Unlike traditional approaches, stemflow fluorescence can be quantified preharvest and pretransportation, enabling early lignin screening and prediction of deconstruction performance and product distribution. This stemflow fluorescence approach, harnessing the characterization of DOM in natural processes, is a higher-throughput, lower-cost screening method that could be a critical solution for biorefineries to overcome challenges due to biomass variability and facilitate feedstock screening, process optimization, and output product prediction.