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81. 题目: The effect of soil microbial traits on soil organic carbon in alpine grassland was limited by depth
文章编号: N25031604
期刊: Applied Soil Ecology
作者: Jia Li, Xia Wang, Menghan Yuan, Yazhen Li, Wenhui Duan, Jieyi Xia, Xusheng Zhang, Yunfei Zhao, Huawei Zhu
更新时间: 2025-03-16
摘要: Microorganisms play an important role in regulating the formation and accumulation of soil organic carbon (SOC). However, it has not yet been determined which microbial factors (community, biomass, and necromass) play a role in SOC pool at different depths in alpine grassland ecosystems and how this is achieved. We conducted a large-scale survey and sampling in two alpine grassland habitats on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau at two soil layers (topsoil: 0–10 cm and subsoil: 20–30 cm) over an area spanning 1500 km. The distribution patterns of SOC pools and microbial communities in alpine grasslands were analyzed. We found that microbial biomass carbon decreased significantly with depth, and alpine meadow MBC was significantly larger than alpine steppe. Fungal nercomass carbon was the main contributor to SOC in alpine grasslands. Compared to microbial communities, microbial carbon pools had a greater influence on SOC pools, and they were mainly accumulated through microbial nercomass carbon. Soil moisture affects microbial composition, so microbial diversity and associated network complexity were affected by a wide range of moisture factors (including mean annual precipitation and soil moisture). In deeper soils within alpine grasslands, microbial network complexity reduces the SOC pool by influencing microbial community diversity. This study revealed the controls on microbial communities and SOC at different soil depths within different grassland types on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, and the results emphasize the importance of microbial necromass in SOC pool within alpine ecosystems.
82. 题目: Raman-Polarization-Fluorescence Spectroscopic Lidar for Real-Time Detection of Humic-like Substance Profiles
文章编号: N25031603
期刊: Environmental Science & Technology
作者: Zhongwei Huang, Yongkai Wang, Tian Zhou, Yuanzong Ji, Jianrong Bi, Jinsen Shi, Hui Wen, Jianping Huang
更新时间: 2025-03-16
摘要: Humic-like substances (HULIS) widely exist in the atmosphere and may strongly affect human health, environment, and climate. However, there are still no accurate methods for detecting the vertical distribution of HULIS. Here, a Raman-Polarization-Fluorescence Spectroscopic Lidar (RPFSL) was developed to simultaneously measure 64-channel broad fluorescence spectra (370–710 nm) of atmospheric aerosols at an excitation wavelength of 355 nm. The study revealed that dust could be coated by abundant fluorescent substances, with a maximum fluorescence efficiency reaching 0.15. Moreover, the fluorescent spectra of air pollutants exhibited a unimodal structure, while the spectra of dust exhibited three peaks, suggesting that they may be useful for highly accurate identification of dust aerosols from other aerosols. The findings in this study were confirmed by near-ground air sampling analysis based on fluorescence excitation–emission matrix-parallel factor (EEM-PARAFAC) methods; we demonstrated that HULIS and protein-like organic matter (PLOM) were the main components of fluorescent aerosols during the study period. During air pollution events, the number concentration of HULIS reached up to 9699 particles·m–3. For the first time, this study proposes a real-time, high-resolution method for detecting height-resolved HULIS, significantly helping to evaluate the environmental and health implications of HULIS.
83. 题目: Novel technique to enhance phosphorus availability in sewage sludge biochar using wood ash extract to produce an effective circular economy product
文章编号: N25031602
期刊: Environmental Research
作者: Wolfram Buss, Christopher Cooper, Alireza Rahbari, Nupur Khanna, Benjamin Bryant
更新时间: 2025-03-16
摘要: Sewage sludge (or biosolids) produced during wastewater treatment contain significant amounts of phosphorus. Pyrolysis treatment can produce a safe material while sequestering carbon; however, it underutilises the phosphorus in the resulting biochar, leaving it partially inaccessible to plants. Here the effect of doping calcium-rich sewage sludge (14% calcium) with potassium acetate, combustion wood ash and its water-extract on phosphorus availability, and carbon and nitrogen release during pyrolysis are investigated at 500 and 700°C. The aim was to produce an efficient circular economy material with superior P release properties. Potassium acetate addition increased the amount of water-extractable phosphorus in sewage sludge biochar produced at 500°C by three-fold (to 3.6% of the total phosphorus content). As hypothesised, potassium doping was less effective in increasing phosphorus availability than reported previously due to the high calcium content in sewage sludge that locked up phosphorus. In a wheat pot trial, doped biochar still resulted in 28% higher stem biomass and 29% grain phosphorus uptake compared to biochar without potassium acetate and the water-extractable P content in thermally treated sewage sludge correlated with phosphorus uptake and plant biomass. Replacement of potassium acetate with combustion wood ash did not improve phosphorus availability in biochar. However, extracting wood ash with water first and using this extract for sewage sludge doping added 2.5% potassium and doubled the water-extractable phosphorus content in the resulting 500°C-biochar. This proof-of-concept highlights suitability of waste-derived wood ash extract as dopant to boost the potassium content and phosphorus availability in sewage sludge biochar. This innovative circular economy process produces enhanced sewage sludge biochar fertilisers from two waste materials with significant economic and environmental benefits, including diversion of waste from landfill and emission reductions.
84. 题目: High Specific Surface Area Graphene-like Biochar for Green Microbial Electrosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide and Bisphenol A oxidation at Neutral pH
文章编号: N25031601
期刊: Environmental Research
作者: Rishabh Raj, Gundepuri Indhu Sri, Makarand Madhao Ghangrekar
更新时间: 2025-03-16
摘要: Green electrosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a research hotspot in environmental chemistry, particularly for wastewater and sanitation applications, with microbial fuel cells (MFCs) offering a self-sustaining route for in situ production. This investigation showcases the application of chemically activated bagasse biochar (AcBC), a graphene-like carbon material, as a cathode catalyst in a ceramic membrane-fitted MFC for H2O2 generation and bisphenol A (BPA) degradation. The AcBC had an exceptionally high specific surface area of 1604 m2/g and mimicked the physicochemical characteristic of graphene. The MFC having the AcBC-catalyzed cathode attained a maximum H2O2 yield of 248. 9 ± 12.5 mg/L (retention time of 12 h) and peak power density of 125.62 ± 5.62 mW/m2. Moreover, this system was tailored into a bioelectro-Fenton system by doping Zn-Fe over AcBC (Zn-Fe/AcBC) that instigated hydroxyl radical formation, thus responsible for removing 95.46 ± 3.50% of Bisphenol A (BPA, initial concentration = 10 mg/L) in 300 min. Total organic carbon (initial concentration = 47.1 ± 2.3 mg/L) of BPA-containing real wastewater was reduced by 51.4 ± 3.6% in 300 min while consistently achieving > 90% removal of BPA over eight continuous cycles. Thus, this research demonstrates the potential of biomass-derived graphene-like carbon in catalyzing green H2O2 synthesis for removal of biorefractory organics while achieving sustainable wastewater treatment.
85. 题目: Emerging antibiotic pollution and its remedy by waste based biochar adsorbents: a review
文章编号: N25031510
期刊: Environmental Science and Pollution Research
作者: Insha Hamid, Mohsen Ahmadipour, Muthanna J Ahmed, Masood Ahmad Rizvi, Aabid H Shalla, Waheed Ahmad Khanday
更新时间: 2025-03-15
摘要:
One of the pollutants of emerging concern, antibiotics, have been reported in soil, water, sediment, animal manure, food, and even drinking water. Their partially metabolized forms reach wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and natural waters wherein the development of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been reported to occur. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is projected to cause 10 million deaths annually across the world by 2050 in case stringent measures are not taken. In this study, various methods of adsorptive removal of antibiotics with their critical analysis and emphasis on the application of biochar (BC) and modified biochar derived from waste biomass have been comprehensively reviewed. Also, the antibiotic toxicity, preparation of biomass waste-derived BC adsorbents from cost-effective precursors to ensure sustainability, the adsorption kinetics, isotherm models and thermodynamic parameters have been discussed. It was inferred that biochars are quite efficient in terms of antibiotic removal in water owing to their large surface area, excellent surface characteristics and functionality, facile synthesis and the potential to be regenerated, while being cost-effective and sustainable in nature. This review aims to guide the expansion of research in the aforementioned area of interest and to provide a progressive push towards the development of a circular economy.
86. 题目: Effect mechanism of low-molecular-weight organic acids during sulfidation of As(V)-bearing ferrihydrite
文章编号: N25031509
期刊: Environmental Pollution
作者: Yitong Yin, Shanshan Yang, Fei Liu, Xue Wang, Yue Chen, Ximing Luo
更新时间: 2025-03-15
摘要: Sulfide induces the reductive dissolution of iron (oxyhydr) oxides, the primary host phases for arsenic (As), thereby triggering As release. We investigates the physicochemical mechanisms of three types of low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs) on sulfide-mediated reductive dissolution of As(V)-ferrihydrite and As release using batch experiments combined with hydro-chemical, spectroscopic, and microscopic analyses. Arsenate dominated the aqueous (97.2–100 %) and solid phases throughout the experiment. LMWOAs accelerated S(-II) consumption and As release by inhibiting FeS formation, with rates ordered as citric acid (CA) > oxalic acid (OA) > malic acid (MA) > control (Kb). At S(-II): Fe = 0.5, maximum As release was 11.78 % (Kb) and 14.60 % (CA); at S(-II): Fe = 1, it was 27.58 % (Kb) and 30.71 % (OA). LMWOAs enhanced As release via non-reductive ligand dissolution of As(V)-ferrihydrite. Secondary mineral formation in later stages re-immobilized As, with mineral layers ≥50 nm thick. LMWOAs interacted differently with secondary minerals: CA primarily adsorbed on surfaces, while MA integrated into the matrix. LMWOAs influenced As redistribution in secondary minerals, increasing contamination risks. Thus, the complex effects of organic matter (OM) on Fe, S, and As biogeochemistry must be considered in risk assessments and remediation strategies for As-contaminated sites in sulfidic environments.
87. 题目: Biochar enhances the simultaneous stabilization of chromium and lead in contaminated soil by Penicillium oxalicum SL2
文章编号: N25031508
期刊: Chemical Engineering Journal
作者: Chun Zhang, Jing Wang, Haonan Zhang, Feiyu Lu, Chendao Ruan, Jianhao Tong, Jiayu Ren, Jiyan Shi
更新时间: 2025-03-15
摘要: Traditional microbial remediation techniques face challenges in simultaneously addressing soil contamination by both chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb). This study introduces a novel composite system comprising biochar and the phosphate-solubilizing microorganism P. oxalicum SL2—for the simultaneous stabilization of Cr and Pb in contaminated soil. In this study, we found that the functional strain P. oxalicum SL2 was able to reduce Cr(VI), which is more toxic and migratory in soil, to Cr(III) with the assistance of biochar, and synchronously enhanced the stability of Cr and Pb in the soil, which transformed them toward a more stable endowment form. The efficiency of Cr(VI) reduction stabilization in soil was 77.6% within 30 d. Meanwhile, the effective concentrations of Pb in the soil decreased by about 27.3%. Furthermore, the biochar-P. oxalicum SL2 system significantly increased the activities of urease and acid phosphatase and promoted nutrient cycling. The principal environmental factors, such as Cr(VI), CaCl2-Pb, HNO3-Pb, Eh, S-UE, and S-ACP, were recognized as significant determinants influencing the structure and composition of fungal and bacterial communities in soil. Notably, the growth of Lysinibacillus, Brevundimonas, and Paenibacillus collectively reduced the bioavailability of Cr and Pb in the soil. This research presents an innovative strategy for the remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals, utilizing a combination of biochar and phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms.
88. 题目: How does nitrogen control soil organic matter turnover and composition? – Theory and model
文章编号: N25031507
期刊: Biogeosciences
作者: Chun Chung Yeung, Harald Bugmann, Frank Hagedorn, Margaux Moreno Duborgel, Olalla Díaz-Yáñez
更新时间: 2025-03-15
摘要: . Nitrogen (N) enrichment triggers diverse responses of different soil organic carbon (SOC) pools, but a coherent mechanism to explain them is still lacking. To address this, we formulated dynamic soil CN models integrating several hypothesized N-induced decomposer responses (irrespective of plant responses), i.e., decomposition retardation under increasing N excess and stimulation under decreasing N-limitation, N-responsive microbial turnover and carbon use efficiency (CUE), and a priming effect induced by changing microbial biomass. To evaluate the relevance of each response on SOC turnover, they were incrementally combined into multiple model variants, and systematically tested against diverse observations from meta-analyses of N addition experiments and SOC fraction data from forests spanning wide environmental gradients. Our results support the idea that N directly controls the response of multiple C pools via changing decomposition and microbial physiology. Under N addition, only the model variants that incorporated both the responses of 1) decomposition retardation with increasing N-excess and 2) decomposition stimulation with decreasing N limitation were able to reproduce the common observation of a greater increase of surface organic horizon (LFH) relative to topsoil SOC, and of particulate organic carbon (POC) relative to mineral-associated carbon (MAOC). In addition, cold and warm forests respectively experienced more decomposition retardation and stimulation under N addition. Furthermore, incorporating N-responsive microbial turnover and CUE helped reproduce microbial biomass reduction, and the latter was also critical for microbial biomass C:N homeostasis, which in turn constrained the estimation of N-limitation and excess. Synthesizing the model findings and literature, we propose that N addition accelerates the decomposition of N-limited detritus, which supplies C to intermediate processed pools (i.e., light fraction C), and retards the decomposition of processed organic matter with lower C:N ratios (both light fraction C and MAOC). This explains the large light fraction C accumulation under N addition or contemporary N deposition in temperate forests. Collectively, our model experiment provided robust mechanistic insights on soil N-C interaction, and challenged the common model assumption of plant being the primary respondent to N. We recommend our simple model for further testing and ecological applications.
89. 题目: The incubation history of soil samples strongly affects the occlusion of particulate organic matter
文章编号: N25031506
期刊: Biogeosciences
作者: Frederick Büks, Sabine Dumke, Julia König
更新时间: 2025-03-15
摘要: . Soil structure is a key proxy for carbon and nutrient storage, stable pore space, erosion stability and rootability. It is often quantified based on the degree of aggregation or the mechanical stability of soil aggregates. This work compares two methods representing basic principles of aggregate measurement. Undisturbed soil samples of loamy sand, clayey silt and silty loam were analyzed by ultrasonication/density fractionation (USD) to quantify different soil organic carbon (SOC) pools and by wet-sieving to measure the amount of water stable aggregates (%WSA). The measurements were carried out on field-fresh soil as well as samples that were air-dried, reset to field capacity (pF 1.8) by capillary action and incubated for 0, 1 and 4 weeks. Our results show, that the strength of POM occlusion sharply decreases after rewetting and is not fully recovered within the following four weeks. In contrast, the amount of water stable aggregates (%WSA) remains largely stable except in clayey silt. In consequence, field-fresh measurements are highly recommended to avoid overestimation of free and weakly bound SOM fractions or erosion stability.
90. 题目: Effects of DOM Chemodiversity on Microbial Diversity in Forest Soils on a Continental Scale
文章编号: N25031505
期刊: Global Change Biology
作者: Jian Wang, Lingrui Qu, Helena Osterholz, Yulin Qi, Xiangfeng Zeng, Edith Bai, Chao Wang
更新时间: 2025-03-15
摘要: Soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a critical reservoir of carbon and nutrients in forest ecosystems, playing a central role in carbon cycling and microbial community dynamics. However, the influence of DOM molecular‐level diversity (chemodiversity) on microbial community diversity and spatial distribution remains poorly understood. In this study, we used Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry and high‐throughput sequencing to analyze soil DOM and microbial diversity along a ~4,000 km forest transect in China. We found that soil DOM chemodiversity varies significantly across sites, initially increasing and then decreasing with latitude. Additionally, we observed that the biogeographic distribution of DOM components has differential effects on bacterial and fungal diversity: lipid‐like compounds are strongly associated with bacterial diversity, while aromatic‐, carbohydrate‐, and lipid‐like compounds primarily influence fungal diversity. Linear models and structural equation modeling both reveal that DOM acts as a key intermediary, mediating the effects of temperature and soil properties on microbial spatial distribution. Our findings emphasize the importance of DOM molecular characteristics in shaping microbial community structure and functioning, providing new insights into how environmental factors influence microbial ecosystems and soil carbon cycles in forest ecosystems.
91. 题目: Distinct co-succession of dissolved organic matter and bacterial generalists and specialists in inflow rivers of Baiyangdian Lake
文章编号: N25031504
期刊: Environmental Research
作者: Kun Shi, Jiafeng Zhang, Yuting Zhao, Chun Liu, Shilei Zhou
更新时间: 2025-03-15
摘要: Dissolved organic matter (DOM) significantly affects the stability of river microorganisms, but the seasonal regulatory mechanisms of generalists and specialists remain unclear. Through spectral measurement and high-throughput sequencing techniques, the structural, network, and evolutionary characteristics of generalists and specialists in Baiyangdian lake inflow rivers from 2021 to 2023 were analyzed, and the influences of environmental factors and DOM on their dynamics were quantified. Parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) identified two protein-like components (C1+C2) and one humus-like component (C3). Among them, the protein-like components were significantly higher in urban reclaimed water (URW) than in non-urban reclaimed water (NRW), while the humus-like component was higher in summer than in winter (P < 0.001). The relative concentration of DOM was higher in summer, showing overall low humification and strong autochthonous characteristics (FI > 1.8, HIX < 4). Actinobacteriota and Proteobacteria were the main components of generalists and specialists. Species replacement had a much greater impact on β-diversity than richness differences. The network structure of winter and NRW exhibited more complex topological properties, and the stability of generalist networks was lower than that of specialists. Stochastic processes dominated the community assembly process (63.73% to 93.94%), with generalists in summer being more influenced by stochastic processes, while the opposite was true in winter. The BiSSE model indicated that specialists exhibited higher diversification potential than generalists. Path analysis showed that in summer URW, diversity and protein-like components had the greatest impact on the network stability of generalists and specialists, respectively. In NRW, humus-like component had the greatest impact on the network stability of specialists. This study clarified the mechanism by which the seasonal characteristics of DOM drive the ecological strategy differentiation of generalists and specialists in rivers, providing a theoretical basis for watershed ecological management.
92. 题目: Illuminating the Nexus Between Non-Biodegradable Microplastics and Soil Nitrogen Dynamics: A Modulation Through Plant-Derived Organic Matter
文章编号: N25031503
期刊: Journal of Hazardous Materials
作者: Zelin Hou, Fan Mo, Qixing Zhou, Dawen Gao, Tong Zheng, Zongxin Tao, Yin Lu
更新时间: 2025-03-15
摘要: The characteristics of vegetation cover significantly influence nitrogen (N) cycling in soils. However, there is currently a lack of comprehensive assessment regarding how altered vegetation cover types affect soil N cycling in the context of emerging contaminants, such as non-biodegradable microplastics (MPs). Initial observations indicated substantial priming effects across all experimental groups upon the introduction of polystyrene MPs (PSMPs). Shrub soil demonstrated greatest resistance and resilience to PSMPs disturbance, while tree soils exhibited lower tolerance. In contrast, grass soils displayed maximum sensitivity, as evidenced by early peaks in N₂O emissions in shrub group, primarily driven by denitrification and nitrification before and after emission peaks, respectively. From a microbial perspective, Rhizobiales and Xanthomonadales/Nitrososphaerales exhibited significant roles in enhancing the resistance and resilience of shrub soils by facilitating efficient N transformation (particularly oxidation reaction-mediated N₂O emissions) and retention (manifested by stable amino acids and reduced bio-available dissolved organic matter). These findings contribute crucial theoretical insights into the capacity of vegetation cover to mitigate N₂O emissions induced by MP inputs, underscoring the pivotal role of biodiversity in maintaining ecosystem stability.
93. 题目: Mechanistic insight into enhancement of undissolved rice husk biochar on Tetracycline biodegradation by strain Serratia marcescens basing on electron transfer response
文章编号: N25031502
期刊: Journal of Hazardous Materials
作者: Siyu Wang, Jie Han, Ziyi Ge, Xu Su, Yongjia Shi, Fan Xia, Yuwei Huang, Jun Meng
更新时间: 2025-03-15
摘要: Undissolved biochar (UBC) plays a key role in persistently affecting bacterial characteristics after loss of dissolved biochar. However, its potential role as electron shuttle mediating tetracycline (TC) removal by bacteria is less understood. Result demonstrated UBC (700°C) coupled strain MSM2304 resulted in 72.19% of TC biodegradation (37.76% in free cells). UBC improved nutrients usage of TOC and TN to enhance cells proliferation, and facilitated biofilms formation and secretion of redox-active-related extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) including protein (40% higher) and humus (30% higher). Moreover, UBC optimized cells oxidative stress indicators including reactive oxygen species (40% lower), total antioxidant capacity (30% higher), superoxide dismutase (35% higher), and catalase (30% higher) during TC exposure. Importantly, UBC not only accelerated electron transfer from intracellular into extracellular by stimulating cytochrome C reductase activity and cytochrome C development, also decreased extracellular electron transfer resistance between MSM2304 and TC from 231.7 to 109.5 Ω, proved by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectra of EPS, and helped quinone moieties formation on UBC through C=O and C=C or C=O production determined by FTIR and XPS. These findings indicate UBC could be as electron shuttle and contribute to provide a better understanding of interactions between biochar and microorganism.
94. 题目: Molecular Fractionation on Ferrihydrite Eroded the Disinfection Byproduct Formation Potential of Dissolved Organic Matter Derived from Microplastics and Biochar
文章编号: N25031501
期刊: Water Research
作者: Zhenkun Chu, Kemin Qi, Lusheng Yi, Yaqi Kang, Xiaoyun Xie, Yiru Zhao, Zhaowei Wang
更新时间: 2025-03-15
摘要: Dissolved organic matter derived from microplastics (MPDOM) and biochar (BDOM), as examples of anthropogenic DOM, have received significant attention. Nonetheless, molecular fractionation particularly the detailed “kinetic architecture” and sequential assembly of MPDOM and BDOM at the mineral-water interface remains elusive, which significantly alters DOM composition and subsequent disinfection byproducts (DBPs) formation. This work systematically investigated these issues using FT-ICR MS, 2D-COS, PARAFAC analysis, and kinetic assays. For MPDOM, polyphenolics-like from plastic additives and breakdown products were rapidly adsorbed onto ferrihydrite, while combustion-derived condensed aromatics-like in BDOM exhibited priority adsorption. These results aligned with the equilibrium adsorption capacity for phenolics and condensed aromatics calculated by the Folin-Ciocalteu and benzenepolycarboxylic acid methods, 13.93 mg g-1 and 0.93 mgC g-1 for MPDOM, 3.66 mg g-1 and 7.16 mgC g-1 for BDOM, respectively. It suggested that mineral affinity of specific compounds relied on both molecular state and origin. The molecular fractionation driven by the co-action of “mineral-OM” and “OM-OM” interactions consequently eroded DBPs formation potential (21.77 % for MPDOM and 23.05 % for BDOM) by preferentially sequestering unsaturated and aromatic substances with higher chlorine reactivity. Our findings highlight molecular fractionation on minerals is a vital geochemical behavior regulating solid-liquid distribution and chlorine reactivity, advancing our understanding of anthropogenic carbon sequestration and cycling.
95. 题目: Mechanism and capacity of black carbon (biochar) to support microbial growth
文章编号: N25031410
期刊: Biogeochemistry
作者: Weila Li, Jessica L Keffer, Ankit Singh, Clara S Chan, Pei C Chiu
更新时间: 2025-03-14
摘要:
Black carbon has been shown to suppress microbial methane production by promoting anaerobic oxidation of organic carbon, diverting electrons from methanogenesis. This finding represents a new process through which black carbon, such as wildfire char and biochar, can impact the climate. However, the mechanism and capacity of black carbon to support metabolism remained unclear. We hypothesized black carbon could support microbial growth exclusively through its electron storage capacity (ESC). The electron contents of a wood biochar was quantified through redox titration with titanium(III) citrate before and after Geobacter metallireducens growth, with acetate as an electron donor and air-oxidized biochar as an electron acceptor. Cell number increased 42-fold, from 2.8(± 0.6) × 108 to 1.17(± 0.14) × 1010, in 8 days based on fluorescent cell counting and the result was confirmed by qPCR. The qPCR results also showed that most cells existed in suspension, whereas cell attachment to biochar was minimal. Graphite, which conducts but does not store electrons, did not support growth. Through electron balance and use of singly 13C-labeled acetate (13CH3COO–), we showed (1) G. metallireducens could use 0.86 mmol/g, or ~ 19%, of the biochar's ESC for growth, (2) 84% and 16% of the acetate was consumed for energy and biosynthesis, respectively, during biochar respiration and (3) ca. 80 billion electrons were deposited into biochar for each cell produced. This is the first study to establish electron balance for microbial respiration of black carbon and to quantitatively determine the mechanism and capacity of biochar-supported growth.
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96. 题目: Pyrolysis or not: Comparison between biomass and biochar for vanadium stabilization in soil
文章编号: N25031409
期刊: Journal of Cleaner Production
作者: Rongyue Geng, Baogang Zhang, Song Wang, Jin Li
更新时间: 2025-03-14
摘要: Vanadium (V) ore mining and processing result in abandoned V in soil, whose immobilization is crucial for pollution control. Utilizing recyclable biomass and biochar materials as (bio)stabilization agents for V is promising, but their efficacies have rarely been comparatively investigated. In this study, the efficacy of raw biomass (rice husk and sawdust) and their pyrolytic derivatives (biochar produced at 300 °C and 600 °C) in stabilizing V within contaminated soil matrices was systematically examined. The results indicated that rice husk outperforms wood chips, achieving a stabilization efficiency of 47.7 ± 2.84 % within 42 d. Mechanistic analyses indicated the reduction of mobile pentavalent V to insoluble tetravalent V precipitates, a process mediated by redox-active organic functional groups inherent to biomass substrates. Furthermore, soil microbiomes played a pivotal role in V stabilization, with taxa including KD4-96, MND1, Comamonadaceae, Methylotenera, and Pseudolabrys demonstrating exceptional V tolerance and serving as key drivers of microbial-mediated V reduction. Comparative assessment highlighted that biomass amendments not only enhanced V immobilization but also positively modulated microbial community composition and diversity, outperforming biochar treatments. This study is helpful to choose proper materials for remediation of V-contaminated soil.
97. 题目: Boosting sulfonamides elimination by ferrate (VI) activation via N/S co-doped sludge biochar: The crucial regulatory role of S in structure
文章编号: N25031408
期刊: Chemical Engineering Journal
作者: Zhikang Deng, Yifan Liu, Yongfei Ma, Jinyao Zhu, Chenyu Zeng, Zulin Zhang
更新时间: 2025-03-14
摘要: Non-metal doping with nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) introduces catalytic sites into biochar, such as vacancies and active sites (graphitic N and thiophene S), which enhances electron transfer and reaction kinetics, thereby improving ferrate (Fe (VI)) activation and pollutant degradation. However, the effects of non-metallic elements on the catalytic process and the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood yet. In this study, a novel N and S co-doped sludge-based biochar (NSSBC) was prepared using a facile hydrothermal method, which efficiently activated Fe (VI) for the rapid removal of sulfonamide antibiotics (SAs). The results showed that 0.40 g/L of NSSBC effectively activated 100 μM Fe (VI), achieving nearly 100 % SMX (10 μM) removal and 50.34 % TOC removal within 10 min. The Fe (VI)/NSSBC system effectively eliminated SMX, maintaining high efficiency even with increased ionic strength and dissolved organic matter. Additionally, this system also exhibited broad pH tolerance (6.0–11.0), robust environmental stability, and reliable cycling performance for SMX degradation. The degradation mechanism was primarily driven by Fe (IV)/Fe (V) species rather than reactive oxygen species. Characterization and density functional theory (DFT) analyses indicated that the introduction of S atoms altered the local charge density and reduced the energy barrier for reaction activation. The primary degradation pathways for SMX were identified as bond cleavage and ring-opening reactions, which were collectively deemed to facilitate the detoxification process. This study provided new insights into the activation of Fe (VI) by non-metal doped sludge biochar, and the elucidated mechanism would aid in the further development of Fe (VI)-based advanced oxidation processes.
98. 题目: Construction of waste-modified biochar as a means for the efficient removal of BDE209 from soil via microwaves: a novel low-toxicity degradation pathway
文章编号: N25031407
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Yang Luo, Qintie Lin, Yuxin Liu, Junli Zheng, Chen Zeng, Yajie Wu, Jieyi Pan
更新时间: 2025-03-14
摘要: Compared with decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209), low-brominated diphenyl ethers have greater toxicity. Efficient and green degradation of BDE209 in soil remains a great challenge. In this work, a microwave catalytic material (ZFO-PBC) was synthesized by recycling and phosphoric acid-modified biochar (PBC) from abandoned buildings via the treatment process. The combination of ZnFe2O4 with PBC enhanced the magnetic and reflection losses of the material in the microwave field, which improved the microwave absorption and electron transfer capabilities and accelerated the generation of active substances. The ZFO-PBC/MW/PDS system exhibited excellent oxidation performance (91.5% degradation of BDE209 in 5 min) and pH tolerance. BDE209 was degraded by singlet oxygen (1O2), superoxide radical (O2•−), and electron transfer mechanisms. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations, liquid and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC
MS and GCMS) analyses revealed that the ether bonds in BDE209 were unstable under microwave conditions and were prone to breakage to form bromophenolics. This process avoids the production of lower brominated biphenyl ethers, which greatly reduces the toxicity of byproducts during the degradation of BDE209. This study presents a waste for waste research idea, which provides new technologies and ideas for the recycling of biochar from construction waste and the green degradation of BDE209 in soil.
99. 题目: Organic matter content, source, and composition varying with seasons and anthropogenic activities regulate methylmercury dynamics in the Yellow River
文章编号: N25031406
期刊: Environmental Pollution
作者: Xiaoquan Liu, Yingjun Wang, Xiaomeng Ji, Qingzhe Zhang, Yue Song, Yanbin Li, Yongguang Yin, Yong Cai
更新时间: 2025-03-14
摘要: Organic matter (OM) in rivers, influenced by natural and anthropogenic events, plays a critical role in regulating methylmercury (MeHg) dynamics. This study investigated the spatial-temporal patterns of MeHg and OM in the Yellow River, through collecting water and sediment samples within the dry and wet seasons and human-induced water-sediment regulation scheme (WSRS) event. During the wet season, the river water was characterized by terrigenous OM, high unfiltered MeHg (UMeHg) concentration (206 ± 83.6 pg/L), and a low UMeHg percentage in unfiltered total Hg (UTHg) (UMeHg/UTHg = 0.37 ± 0.18 %). These findings may suggest that MeHg in the wet season was likely produced in the catchment and imported into the river. In contrast, autochthonous OM predominated during the dry season, probably enhancing in situ MeHg production (UMeHg/UTHg = 1.01 ± 0.50 %), although UMeHg concentration was lower (81.8 ± 25.5 pg/L) due to obviously reduced external inputs. The WSRS dramatically increased water MeHg contents (589 ± 116 pg/L) and UMeHg/UTHg ratios (0.78 ± 0.16 %) probably through direct inputs of upstream reservoirs’ MeHg and resuspension of downstream sediments. Exploring the effects of OM on sediment MeHg sources suggested that MeHg in the wet season primarily originated from watershed soil inputs, while in the dry season, it mainly resulted from in situ Hg methylation. However, extremely low total Hg (THg) and MeHg/THg (0.02–0.35 %) indicated that sediment MeHg production may be of minor importance in the Yellow River.
100. 题目: Oxidation Camouflages Terrestrial Organic Matter to Appear Marine-like
文章编号: N25031405
期刊: Environmental Science & Technology
作者: Aleksandar I Goranov, Susan J Carter, Ann Pearson, Patrick G Hatcher
更新时间: 2025-03-14
摘要: The export of terrestrial organic matter (TOM) to the ocean has been traditionally viewed to be minimal or only of significance in near-coastal continental margins. The broadly accepted explanation for the widespread loss of terrestrial lignin biomarkers and apparent disappearance of the <−25‰ stable carbon isotopic signature (δ13C) of TOM is that TOM is almost fully degraded before reaching the open ocean. Oceanic carbon (δ13C value ≥ −22‰) is therefore thought to be derived primarily from algae. However, an alternative explanation for the different molecular and δ13C signatures in terrestrial and marine environments may be that oxidative processing transforms TOM to appear marine-like. To test this hypothesis, we subjected eight TOM samples to a strong oxidation gradient. At carbon losses typical of TOM degradation during transport and sedimentation (above 60%), the differentiators of provenance disappeared, leaving a residue that was marine-like both chemically (aliphatic- and nitrogen-rich) and isotopically (δ13C enrichment of 4 to 9‰). This challenges the validity of conventional two-endmember mixing models, suggesting that a much larger fraction than previously estimated of the organic matter found in the ocean may originate from terrestrial sources, impacting global models of carbon cycling and sequestration.