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101. 题目: Effect of Ca–modified biochar coupling with low–Cd accumulation maize cultivars on remediation of Cd contaminated soils and microbial community composition To investigate the remediation efficiency of Ca–modified biochar (CBC) coupling with low cadmium (Cd)–accumulation cultivars on weakly alkaline Cd–contaminated farmland, a field experiment was conducted to explore the distribution of Cd in soil aggregates, Cd uptake in maize (Zea mays L.) grain, and soil microbial communities. Our results showed that treatments of CBC were observed to reduce available Cd in the bulk soil and soil aggregates by 12.09–16.20 % and 3.67–24.72 %. The grain size fraction metals loading (GSFloading) and distribution factors (DFx) analysis showed that Cd was preferentially enriched on fine particle fractions in soil, and CBC promoted the redistribution of Cd from micro–aggregates to macro–aggregates. Compared with the control group, Cd content in grains of low–Cd varieties of Liyu16 and Sanbei218 after the addition of CBC was significantly reduced by 37.55–50.80 % and 23.60–51.20 %, respectively. High–throughput sequencing results indicated that the microbial community structure and composition changed significantly after the addition of CBC, which were characterized by a significant increase in the number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs), the alpha diversity indices (including Shannon, Chao1 and ACE indies) and the abundance of the dominant phylum. The above results showed that the management of combining CBC and low Cd accumulation maize should be an efficient way to remediate weakly alkaline Cd contaminated soils, associated with ensuring of grain production safety and improvement of soil eco–environment function. | |||||
102. 题目: Molecular-level insights into the heterogeneous variations and dynamic formation mechanism of leached dissolved organic matter during the photoaging of polystyrene microplastics Microplastics (MPs) and their derivatives have received worldwide attention owing to their adverse effects on ecosystems. However, molecular diversity and dynamic formation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) during the photoaging of MPs remain unclear. Herein, we explored a molecular‒level formation mechanism for polystyrene MP (MPPS)‒derived DOM (PSDOM) during the photoaging of MPs to explain the evolution, heterogeneity, and sequential response of molecules to irradiation. Two‒dimensional correlation spectroscopy was applied to correlate the variations of PSDOM molecules detected by Fourier transform–ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry with those of MPPS functional groups detected by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Irradiation‒induced PSDOM contained the most highly unsaturated structures with oxygen, but showed fewer aromatic structures than natural aquatic DOM. Photochemical transformations occurred between saturated‒reduced and oxidized molecules during PSDOM leaching, with the low‒oxidized and high‒oxidized molecules undergoing considerable changes in the normal carbon oxidation state and molecular number, respectively. The primary sequential response of PSDOM molecules to increasing irradiation time [low‒oxidized/high‒weight (450<m/z<800) → high‒oxidized → saturated/low‒weight molecules (m/z<450)] corresponded to the response of MPPS functional groups (aromatic C‒H → carbonyl → aromatic ring, CH2 bend → C‒H groups), demonstrating well synergistic relationships between them. These novel findings will contribute to the understanding of underappreciated behaviors or risks of MPDOM in aquatic ecosystems. | |||||
103. 题目: Absorbance spectral slopes for monitoring tropical peat water dissolved organic matter fractions during microbubble pre-ozonation | |||||
104. 题目: Bioremediation of aniline aerofloat wastewater at extreme conditions using a novel isolate Burkholderia sp. WX-6 immobilized on biochar Aniline aerofloat (AAF) is a refractory organic pollutant in floatation wastewater. Little information is currently available on its biodegradation. In this study, a novel AAF-degrading strain named Burkholderia sp. WX-6 was isolated from mining sludge. The strain could degrade more than 80% of AAF at different initial concentrations (100–1000 mg/L) within 72 h. AAF degrading curves were fitted well with the four-parameter logistic model (R2 >0.97), with the degrading half-life ranging from 16.39 to 35.55 h. This strain harbors metabolic pathway for complete degradation of AAF and is resistant to salt, alkali, and heavy metals. Immobilization of the strain on biochar enhanced both tolerance to extreme conditions and AAF removal, with up to 88% of AAF removal rate in simulated wastewater under alkaline (pH 9.5) or heavy metal pollution condition. In addition, the biochar-immobilized bacteria removed 59.4% of COD in the wastewater containing AAF and mixed metal ions within 144 h, significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those by free bacteria (42.6%) and biochar (48.2%) only. This work is helpful to understand AAF biodegradation mechanism and provides viable references for developing practical biotreatment technique of mining wastewater. | |||||
105. 题目: An experimental investigation of particulate emission characteristics of catalytic diesel particulate filters during passive regeneration The catalytic diesel particulate filter (CDPF) can effectively reduce diesel particulate emissions, but its outlet particulate emissions increase significantly during active and passive regeneration. Understanding the particle emission characteristics and oxidation mechanism during CDPF regeneration is a prerequisite for seeking improvement measures and achieving near-zero emissions from diesel engines. This study focused on the particle emission characteristics during passive regeneration not previously detailed in the engine literature dedicated to catalytic diesel particulate filters. The commercial carbon black (Printex-U, PU) was utilized to replace diesel soot and loaded onto the CDPF substrate here. Experimental tests were conducted to investigate the effect of regeneration temperature and soot load on the CDPF response to exhaust particles during passive regeneration. The results showed that the diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) reduced the particle number (PN) upstream of the CDPF device. In addition, the regeneration temperature and soot load altered the ratio of penetrating particles (PP), secondary particles (SP), and blown-out particles (BP), resulting in a complex particle emission profile in terms of particle concentration and size at the CDPF outlet. Moreover, the higher regeneration temperature enhanced the oxidation of the particulate matter and raised the particle number, while increasing the particle load enhanced the capture effect of incoming particles but also led to enhanced catalytic oxidation and destruction of the microstructure of the particle layer, thus increasing the discharged particle emissions. | |||||
106. 题目: Changes in dissolved organic matter and oxygen consumption in different bank filtration simulations at different scales | |||||
107. 题目: Reductive Sequestration of Cr(VI) and Immobilization of C during the Microbially Mediated Transformation of Ferrihydrite-Cr(VI)-Fulvic Acid Coprecipitates | |||||
108. 题目: Effects of vegetation restoration on soil properties and vegetation attributes in the arid and semi-arid regions of China Driven by the goal of reversing desertification and recovering degraded lands, a wide range of vegetation restoration practices (such as planting and fencing) have been implemented in China's drylands. It is essential to examine the effects of vegetation restoration and environmental factors on soil nutrients to optimize restoration approaches. However, quantitative evaluation on this topic is insufficient due to a lack of long-term field monitoring data. This study evaluated the effects of sandy steppe restoration and sand dune fixation in the semi-arid desert, and natural and artificial vegetation restoration in the arid desert. It considered soil and plant characteristics using long-term (2005–2015) data from the Naiman Research Station located in the semi-arid region and Shapotou Research Station in the arid region of China's drylands. Results showed the sandy steppe had higher soil nutrient contents, vegetation biomass and rate of accumulating soil organic matter (OM) than the fixed dunes and moving dunes. Soil nutrient contents and vegetation biomass of the natural vegetation of Artemisia ordosica were higher than those of the artificial restoration of Artemisia ordosica since 1956. Artificial restoration had a higher rate of accumulating soil OM, total nitrogen (TN) and grass litter biomass than natural restoration. Soil water indirectly affected soil OM by affecting vegetation. Grass diversity was the main influencing factor on soil OM variance in the semi-arid Naiman desert while shrub diversity was the main factor in the arid Shapotou desert. These findings indicate that sand fixation in the semi-arid desert and vegetation restoration in the arid desert bring benefits for soil nutrient accumulation and vegetation improvement, and that natural restoration is preferable to artificial restoration. Results can be used to formulate sustainable vegetation restoration strategies, such as encouraging natural restoration, considering local resource constraints, and giving priority to restoring shrubs in arid areas with limited water. | |||||
109. 题目: Eichhornia crassipes biochar aided pollutants sorption competence of multi-metal tolerant fungi species on south Pennar river The number of studies about the use of efficient techniques to treat contaminated water bodies has increased in recent years. The use of bioremediation method for the reduction of contaminants from aqueous system is receiving a lot of attention. Thus, this study was designed to assess the Eichhornia crassipes biochar amended pollutants sorption competence of multi-metal tolerant Aspergillus flavus on South Pennar River. The physicochemical characteristics declared that the, half of the parameters (turbidity, TDS, BOD, COD, Ca, Mg, Fe, free NH3, Cl−, and F−) of South Pennar River were beyond the permissible limits. Furthermore, the lab-scale bioremediation investigation with different treatment groups (group I, II, and III) revealed that the group III (E. crassipes biochar and A. flavus mycelial biomass) showed considerable remediation efficiency on South Pennar River water in 10 days of treatment. The metals adsorbed on the surface of E. crassipes biochar and A. flavus mycelial biomass was also affirmed by SEM analysis. Hence such findings, E. crassipes biochar amended A. flavus mycelial biomass could be a sustainable method of remediating contaminated South Pennar River water. | |||||
110. 题目: Synergistic action of ferrate and biochar in the removal of trichloroethylene from water: Little biochar addition, large ferrate activity improvement Ferrate (Fe(VI)) is strongly considered an efficient green oxidant for degrading organic pollutants in groundwater. However, overdosage is often used to achieve the desired efficiency, resulting in adverse effects on the groundwater quality and the ecological environment and high costs. This study aimed to enhance the removal of trichloroethylene (TCE) using Fe(VI) by investigating the synergistic action of a ferrate-biochar system. 1 h into the reaction, the TCE degradation rate had increased from 18.7% to 96.0% and the K2FeO4 concentration had increased from 1 mM to 25 mM. The pH strongly influenced the TCE degradation by K2FeO4 by affecting the stability, species, and consequent oxidation capacity of K2FeO4. Co-existing metal cations in the solution could enhance the K2FeO4 self-decay by facilitating the electron transfer process. Biochar addition significantly enhanced TCE removal by K2FeO4 (up to 4.4 times) compared with the combined removal via individual oxidation and adsorption systems. Significant enhancement comparable to that of a high 16 mM Fe(VI) dosage was obtained with 666 mg/L biochar and 5 mM Fe(VI). The enhancement mechanisms by which biochar addition enhanced the TCE removal by K2FeO4 included the oxidation process by prior to TCE adsorption onto biochar, an enhanced electron transfer of Fe(VI) reduction by the biochar functional group, and an enhanced adsorption capacity of biochar owing to its peroxidation by Fe(VI). Thus, compared to individual and excessive chemical oxidation, the ferrate-biochar composite system provides a promising strategy for improving the TCE removal efficiency with lower oxidant consumption and less negative ecological impacts. | |||||
111. 题目: MeHg production in eutrophic lakes: Focusing on the roles of algal organic matter and iron-sulfur-phosphorus dynamics The mechanisms by which eutrophication affects MeHg production have not been comprehensively summarized, which hinders accurately predicting the MeHg risk in eutrophic lakes. In this review, we first discussed the effects of eutrophication on biogeochemical cycle of Hg. Special attentions were paid to the roles of algal organic matter (AOM) and iron (Fe)-sulfur (S)-phosphorus (P) dynamics in MeHg production. Finally, the suggestions for risk control of MeHg in eutrophic lakes were proposed. AOM can affect in situ Hg methylation by stimulating the abundance and activities of Hg methylating microorganisms and regulating Hg bioavailability, which are dependent on bacteria-strain and algae species, the molecular weight and composition of AOM as well as environmental conditions (e.g., light). Fe-S-P dynamics under eutrophication including sulfates reduction, FeS formation and P release could also play crucial but complicated roles in MeHg production, in which AOM may participate through influencing the dissolution and aggregation processes, structural order and surface properties of HgS nanoparticles (HgSNP). Future studies should pay more attention to the dynamics of AOM in responses to the changing environmental conditions (e.g., light penetration and redox fluctuations) and how such variations will subsequently affect MeHg production. The effects of Fe-S-P dynamics on MeHg production under eutrophication also deserve further investigations, especially the interactions between AOM and HgSNP. Remediation strategies with lower disturbance, greater stability and less cost like the technology of interfacial O2 nanobubbles are urgent to be explored. This review will deepen our understanding of the mechanisms of MeHg production in eutrophic lakes and provide theoretical guidance for its risk control. | |||||
112. 题目: Networks of Dissolved Organic Matter and Organo-Mineral Associations Stimulate Electron Transfer over Centimeter Distances | |||||
113. 题目: Effect of Organic Carbon to Nutrients (N and P) Ratio on the Biological Performance of a Microalgal-Bacterial Membrane Photobioreactor | |||||
114. 题目: Adsorbent biochar derived from corn stalk core for highly efficient removal of bisphenol A Environmental-friendly biochar (BC) with low cost was obtained by simple pyrolysis of corn stalk core, which was employed as an adsorbent for efficiently removing organic pollutants in water. The physicochemical properties of BCs were characterized by various techniques, including X–ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X–ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), Raman, Thermogravimetric (TGA), N2 adsorption–desorption and zeta potential tests. The influence of pyrolysis temperature on the structure and adsorption efficiency of the adsorbent was emphasized. The graphitization degree and sp2 carbon content of BCs were enhanced by increasing the pyrolysis temperature, which was favorable for the enhancement of the adsorption efficiency. The adsorption results showed that corn stalk core calcined at 900 °C (BC-900) displayed exceptional adsorption efficiency toward bisphenol A (BPA) in wide pH (1–13) and temperature (0–90 °C) ranges. Moreover, adsorbent BC-900 could adsorb various pollutants from water, including antibiotics, organic dyes, and phenol (50 mg·L–1). The adsorption process of BPA over BC-900 matched well with the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Mechanism investigation suggested that large specific surface area and pore filling acted the foremost role in the adsorption process. Adsorbent BC-900 has the potential application in wastewater treatment due to its simple preparation, low cost, and excellent adsorption efficiency. | |||||
115. 题目: Effects of alkaline biochar on nitrogen transformation with fertilizer in agricultural soil The loss and negative impacts of nitrogen from fertilized soils remain a global challenge in agricultural field. Ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N) leaching, together with volatile ammonia loss are the main pathways of nitrogen loss. To improve nitrogen availability, alkaline biochar with improved adsorption capacities is a promising soil amendment. This study was objected to investigate the effects of alkaline biochar (ABC, pH 8.68) on nitrogen mitigation, the effects on nitrogen loss, and the interactions among the mixed soils (biochar, nitrogen fertilizer, and soil) under both pot and field experiments. From pot experiments, ABC addition resulted in the poor reservation of NH4+-N which converted to volatile NH3 under higher alkaline environments, mainly occurring in the first 3 days. But after, NO3−-N could be largely retained in surface soil by ABC addition. The reservation of NO3−-N by ABC offsets the loss of volatile NH3, and ABC ultimately showed positive reservations of nitrogen with fertilization. In the field experiment, the addition of urea inhibitor (UI) addition could inhibit the volatile NH3 loss caused by ABC mainly in the first week. The long-term operation demonstrated that ABC supported persistent effectiveness in reducing N loss, while UI treatment temporarily delayed the N loss through inhibition of fertilizer hydrolysis. Therefore, the addition of both ABC and UI contributed to reserve soil N in layers (0–50 cm) suitable for crop growth thus improving crops growth. | |||||
116. 题目: Quantification adsorption mechanisms of arsenic by goethite-modified biochar in aqueous solution In this study, rice straw biochar (BC), goethite (GT), and goethite-modified biochar (GBC) were prepared and their differences in adsorption characteristics and mechanisms of arsenic were explored to provide theoretical and data reference for future design of modified biochar, aiming to address adsorption mechanism weakness and improve the efficiency of arsenic removal in water. Various characterization methods were employed to evaluate the influence of pH, adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and chemical analyses of the materials. At temperatures of 283 K, 298 K, and 313 K, the maximum actual adsorption capacity followed the order GBC > GT > BC, while at 313 K, the maximum Langmuir adsorption capacity of GBC reached 149.63 mg/g which was 95.92 times that of BC and 6.27 times of GT. Due to precipitation and complexation mechanisms, GBC exhibited more superior arsenic adsorption capacities than BC and GT, contributing to total adsorption ranging from 88.9% to 94.2%. BC was dominated by complexation and ion exchange mechanisms in arsenic adsorption, with contribution proportions of 71.8%–77.6% and 19.1%–21.9%, respectively. In GT, the precipitation mechanism played a significant role in total adsorption, contributing from 78.0% to 84.7%. Although GBC has significant potential for removing arsenic from aqueous solutions, the findings suggest that its ion exchange capacity needs improvement. | |||||
117. 题目: Assessment of the properties of aging biochar used as a substrate in constructed wetlands Biochar has gained global recognition as an effective tool for environmental remediation, and is increasingly being used as an alternative substrate in constructed wetlands (CWs). While, most studies have focused on the positive effects of biochar for the pollutant removal in CWs, less is known about aging and longevity of the embedded biochar. This study investigated the aging and stability of biochar embedded in CWs post-treating the effluent of a municipal and an industrial wastewater treatment plant. Litter bags containing biochar were inserted into two aerated horizontal subsurface flow CWs (350 m2 each), and retrieved on several dates (8–775 days after burial) for assessment of weight loss/gain and changes in biochar characteristics. Additionally, a 525-day laboratory incubation test was conducted to analyze biochar mineralization. The results showed that there was no significant biochar weight loss over time, but a slight increase in weight (2.3–3.0%) was observed at the end, likely due to mineral sorption. Biochar pH remained stable except for a sudden drop at the beginning (8.6–8.1), while the electrical conductivity continued to increase (96–256 μS cm−1) throughout the experiment. The sorption capacity of the aged biochar for methylene blue significantly increased (1.0–1.7 mg g−1), and a change in the biochar's elemental composition was also noted, with O-content increasing by 13–61% and C content decreasing by 4–7%. Despite these changes, the biochar remained stable according to the criteria of the European Biochar Foundation and International Biochar Initiative. The incubation test also showed negligible biochar mass loss (<0.02%), further validating the stability of the biochar. This study provides important insights into the evolution of biochar characteristics in CWs. | |||||
118. 题目: Soil quality index as a tool to assess biochars soil quality improvement in a heavy metal-contaminated soil The assessment of soil quality improvement provided by biochars is complex and rarely examined. In this work, soil quality indices (SQIs) were produced to evaluate coffee industry feedstock biochars improvement on soil quality samples of a heavy metal-multicontaminated soil. Therefore, a 90-day incubation experiment was carried out with the following treatments: contaminated soil (CT), contaminated soil with pH raised to 7.0 (CaCO3), contaminated soil + 5% (m/m) coffee ground biochar, and contaminated soil + 5% (m/m) coffee parchment biochar (PCM). After incubation, chemical and biological attributes were analyzed, and the data were subjected to principal component analysis and Pearson correlation to obtain a minimum dataset (MDS), which explain the majority of the variance of the data. The MDS-selected attributes were dehydrogenase and protease activity, exchangeable Ca content, phytoavailable content of Cu, and organic carbon, which composed the SQI. The resulting SQI ranged from 0.50 to 0.56, with the highest SQI obtained for the PCM treatment and the lowest for the CT. The phytoavailable content Cu was the determining factor for differentiating PCM from the other treatments, which was a biochar original attribute and helped to improve soil quality based on the SQI evaluation, further than heavy metal immobilization due to the soil sample pH increase. Longer-term experiments may illustrate clearer advantages of using biochar to improve heavy metal-contaminated soil quality, as physical attributes may also respond, and more significant contributions to biological attributes could be obtained as biochar ages. | |||||
119. 题目: Coupling amendment of biochar and organic fertilizers increases maize yield and phosphorus uptake by regulating soil phosphatase activity and phosphorus-acquiring microbiota Biochar and organic fertilizers are important alternatives to mineral fertilizers. Thus, it is important to understand how the co-application of biochar and organic fertilizers influences crop productivity and soil-plant phosphorus (P) trade-offs. Herein, we conducted a field fertilization experiment for eight years with maize-cabbage rotation. This experiment contained five treatments: no fertilization (CK), mineral fertilizers (CF), CF + biochar (BF), 20% substitution of mineral nitrogen (N) with organic fertilizers (OF), and OF + biochar (BOF). The fertilization regimes of all plots were maintained since 2013. The results showed that soil P pool composition but not P bioavailability differed significantly between the five treatments. Compared with the CF treatment, soil labile-P content in the BF, OF, and BOF treatments significantly increased by 12–23% and soil stable-P content decreased by 13–19%. Besides, the soil moderately labile-P content in the OF and BOF significantly decreased by 40% and 10% and increased by 31% in the BF as compared to the CF. The activities of soil acid (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the BF, OF, and BOF significantly increased by 8–44% and 16–49% respectively compared to the CK. Furthermore, the abundance of P-acquiring genes (bpp, phoD, phoX, ppx, ppk, and phnK) in the BF, OF, and BOF increased by 22–114% compared to the CK. Plant P uptake and maize yield were significantly correlated with soil ACP and ALP activities as well as the abundance of phnK, ppx, phoD, phoX, and pqqC genes but not to the contents of soil P components. In conclusion, the co-application of biochar and organic fertilizer on maize productivity increases was mainly related to the improvement of soil phosphatase activity and P-acquiring gene abundance. | |||||
120. 题目: Succession of biochar addition for soil amendment and contaminants remediation during co-composting: A state of art review This paper aimed to highlight the succession of biochar addition for soil amendment and contaminants remediation during composting process. Biochar incorporated into the compost mixture promotes composting performance and enhances contaminants reduction. Co-composting with biochar for soil biota has been demonstrated via modified soil biological community abundance and diversity. On the other hand, adverse alterations to soil properties were noted, which had a negative impact on the communication of microbe-to-plant interactions within the rhizosphere. As a result, these changes influenced the competition between soilborne pathogens and beneficial soil microorganisms. Co-composting with biochar promoted the heavy metals (HMs) remediation efficiency in contaminated soils by around 66–95%. Notably, applying biochar during composting could improve nutrient retention and mitigate leaching. The adsorption of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus compounds by biochar can be applied to manage environmental contamination and presents an excellent opportunity to enhance soil quality. Additionally, the various specific functional groups and large specific surface areas of biochar allow for excellent adsorption of persistent pollutants (e.g., pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)) and emerging organic pollutants, such as microplastic, phthalate acid esters (PAEs) during co-composting. Finally, future perspectives, research gaps, and recommendations for further studies are highlighted, and potential opportunities are discussed. | |||||
