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101. 题目: Thermal treatment of sewage sludge: impact of the sludge type and origin on the formation of recalcitrant compounds
文章编号: N24120214
期刊: Water Research
作者: Sylvain Faixo, Jean-Christophe Garrigues, Mathieu Haddad, Sofiane Mazeghrane, Gilberte Gaval, Florence Benoit-Marquié, Etienne Paul
更新时间: 2024-12-02
摘要: In a municipal wastewater treatment plant, the thermal treatment of sludge can be an efficient way of increasing the final sludge cake dryness and boosting anaerobic digestion performances. However, such treatments generate refractory compounds which, once returned to headworks, can affect the quality compliance of effluent discharges, particularly concerning organic nitrogen. This study explores the effects of thermal hydrolysis (TH) and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of municipal sludge on the refractory organic compound production. A novel approach using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with size-exclusion chromatography and UV/fluorescence detection (UPLC-SEC-UV/Fluo) was employed to characterise recalcitrant dissolved organic matter (rDOM), which typically consists of Maillard reaction products (MRP). Specifically, UPLC-SEC-UV/Fluo was combined with principal component analysis (PCA) to enable a more thorough examination of the chemical diversity of MRPs produced. Greater temperatures during the thermal treatment step lead to increased production of rDOM and rDON. Protein-rich sludge with a great AS:PS ratio yields the greatest rDOM levels. MRP characteristics, such as molecular weight distribution and aromaticity, are primarily influenced by temperature and plant origin. UPLC-SEC-UV/Fluo provides information on the structures of MRPs useful to optimize the thermal treatment process and in understanding their fate in subsequent processes (chemical oxidation, biodegradation).These insights have practical implications for sludge treatment processes, including optimizing TH and HTC conditions to control rDOM production and adapt the sludge treatment line of a water resource recovery facility.

102. 题目: Mechanistic insights into activation of peracetic acid by sludge biogas residue biochar for efficient sulfamethoxazole degradation in aqueous solution
文章编号: N24120213
期刊: Bioresource Technology
作者: Xiaolong Chen, Yulong Li, Li Wu, Jianming Xue, Xiaoman He, Min Huang, Lie Yang
更新时间: 2024-12-02
摘要: The application of peracetic acid (PAA) in the advanced oxidation process has been demonstrated to be an effective approach for treating aqueous organic pollutants. In this study, it is the first time that biogas residue biochar (BRBC) derived from sludge anaerobic digestion plants was prepared and used as a PAA activator for sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation. The optimal SMX removal could achieve 92 % within 120 min under acidic conditions. The SMX degradation was slightly enhanced in the presence of Cl−, while it could be inhibited by HCO3−. Quenching experiment and EPR analysis demonstrated that both radical and non-radical processes contributed to SMX degradation. ECOSAR analysis showed a significant reduction in intermediate toxicity. Meanwhile, BRBC700 exhibited excellent reusability and stability even in real water matrices. The study presented an innovative approach for biogas residue application and provided a novel pretreatment for SMX-containing wastewater for further biological treatment method after simple acid-base regulation.

103. 题目: Progress on the removal of PFAS contamination in water by different forms of iron-modified biochar
文章编号: N24120212
期刊: Chemosphere
作者: Binglu Teng, Zhenhua Zhao, Liling Xia, Jiangxuan Wu, Hailong Wang
更新时间: 2024-12-02
摘要: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contamination poses a significant threat to human health. Iron-modified biochar is an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and efficient adsorption material. There is a beneficial interaction between iron groups and biochar to remove PFAS from water through adsorption and degradation. The removal mechanism of the iron-modified biochar mainly includes advanced oxidation, iron group reduction, and adsorption. The adsorption mechanism shifted from being dominated by hydrophobic interactions to electrostatic interactions and ion exchange. Different forms of iron-modified biochar showed excellent removal of short-chain PFAS, which is not found in other modified biochar. Few existing studies have systematically investigated the role of various forms of iron-modified biochar in PFAS removal. Accordingly, this review explores the following areas, the synthesis methods of different forms of iron-modified biochar, the removal effect on long and short-chain PFAS, the key factors affecting removal capacity and the mechanisms of their interaction, the mechanism of PFAS removal, and the regeneration capacity of the composites. In this study, the potential of different forms of iron-modified biochar for PFAS remediation was explored in depth. To provide new ideas for subsequent studies of PFAS removal using iron-modified biochar.

104. 题目: Transition metal induced interfacial d-p orbital hybridization boosting biochar for efficient fenton-like decontamination
文章编号: N24120211
期刊: Separation and Purification Technology
作者: Yunheng Wang, Hengle Wang, Tiantian She, Renjie Wang, Zhe Xu, Qiuyi Ji, Shaogui Yang, Limin Zhang, Huan He
更新时间: 2024-12-02
摘要: Transition metals (TMs) are widely employed to improve poor intrinsic activity of biochar for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation towards water purification. However, the mechanistic effects of TMs on carbon substrates requires further understanding. Herein, we constructed TM-modified C-Ni and C-Ni-Co catalysts via simple pyrolysis of rice husk precursor, optimizing carbonaceous morphologic and electronic structures. The Co-Ni-Co (0.013 min⁻¹) exhibited over 10 times higher performance than pristine biochar for iohexol (IOH) removal. Systemic spectroscopic and electrochemical measurements indicate that embedded Ni increases graphitization degree facilitating IOH adsorption by π-π conjugated attraction. And, the anchored Co enhances work function promoting electron extraction for selective generation of ¹O₂. The interfacial d-p orbital hybridization increases the acidic degree on biochar for PMS adsorption, accelerating electron exchange for PMS activation. Our work attempts to study the complex interaction between carbon and metal sites by orbital hybridization to design efficient PMS activators for Fenton-like decontamination.

105. 题目: Soil carbon in the world’s tidal marshes
文章编号: N24120210
期刊: Nature Communications
作者: Tania L Maxwell, Mark D Spalding, Daniel A Friess, Nicholas J Murray, Kerrylee Rogers, Andre S Rovai, Lindsey S Smart, Lukas Weilguny, Maria Fernanda Adame, Janine B Adams, William E N Austin, Margareth S Copertino, Grace M Cott, Micheli Duarte de Paula Costa, James R Holmquist, Cai J T Ladd, Catherine E Lovelock, Marvin Ludwig, Monica M Moritsch, Alejandro Navarro, Jacqueline L Raw, Ana-Carolina Ruiz-Fernández, Oscar Serrano, Craig Smeaton, Marijn Van de Broek, Lisamarie Windham-Myers, Emily Landis, Thomas A Worthington
更新时间: 2024-12-02
摘要:

Tidal marshes are threatened coastal ecosystems known for their capacity to store large amounts of carbon in their water-logged soils. Accurate quantification and mapping of global tidal marshes soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks is of considerable value to conservation efforts. Here, we used training data from 3710 unique locations, landscape-level environmental drivers and a global tidal marsh extent map to produce a global, spatially explicit map of SOC storage in tidal marshes at 30 m resolution. Here we show the total global SOC stock to 1 m to be 1.44 Pg C, with a third of this value stored in the United States of America. On average, SOC in tidal marshes’ 0–30 and 30–100 cm soil layers are estimated at 83.1 Mg C ha⁻¹ (average predicted error 44.8 Mg C ha⁻¹) and 185.3 Mg C ha⁻¹ (average predicted error 105.7 Mg C ha⁻¹), respectively.

106. 题目: Mapping surface soil organic carbon density of cultivated land using machine learning in Zhengzhou
文章编号: N24120209
期刊: Environmental Geochemistry and Health
作者: Hengliang Guo, Jinyang Wang, Dujuan Zhang, Jian Cui, Yonghao Yuan, Haoming Bao, Mengjiao Yang, Jiahui Guo, Feng Chen, Wenge Zhou, Gang Wu, Yang Guo, Haitao Wei, Baojin Qiao, Shan Zhao
更新时间: 2024-12-02
摘要:

Research on soil organic carbon (SOC) is crucial for improving soil carbon sinks and achieving the double-carbon goal. This study introduces ten auxiliary variables based on the data from a 2021 land quality survey in Zhengzhou and a multi-objective regional geochemical survey. It uses geostatistical ordinary kriging (OK) interpolation, as well as classical machine learning (ML) models, including random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM), to map soil organic carbon density (SOCD) in the topsoil layer (0 − 20 cm) of cultivated land. It partitions the sampling data to assess the generalization capability of the machine learning models, with Zhongmu County designated as an independent test set (dataset2) and the remaining data as the training set (dataset1). The three models are trained using dataset1, and the trained machine learning models are directly applied to dataset2 to evaluate and compare their generalization performance. The distribution of SOCD and SOCS in soils of various types and textures is analyzed using the optimal interpolation method. The results indicated that: (1) The average SOC densities predicted by OK interpolation, RF, and SVM are 3.70, 3.74, and 3.63 kg/m², with test set precisions (R²) of 0.34, 0.60, and 0.81, respectively. (2) ML achieves a significantly higher predictive precision than traditional OK interpolation. The RF model's precision is 0.21 higher than the SVM model and more precise in estimating carbon stock. (3) When applied to the dataset2, the RF model exhibited superior generalization capabilities (R² = 0.52, MSE = 0.32) over the SVM model (R² = 0.32, MSE = 0.45). (4) The spatial distribution of surface SOCD in the study area exhibits a decreasing gradient from west to east and from south to north. The total carbon stock in the study area is estimated at approximately 10.76 × 10⁶t. (5) The integration of soil attribute variables, climatic variables, remote sensing data, and machine learning techniques holds significant promise for the high-precision and high-quality mapping of soil organic carbon density (SOCD) in agricultural soils.

107. 题目: Algal organic matter triggers re-assembly of bacterial community in plumbing system
文章编号: N24120208
期刊: Journal of Hazardous Materials
作者: Xiang Liu, Haihan Zhang, Tingting Pei, Tinglin Huang, Ben Ma, Tuanwei Wang, Xiaoyan Liu, Wenpeng Ma
更新时间: 2024-12-02
摘要: Algal bloom outbreaks in upstream drinking water reservoirs inevitably lead to algal organic matter (AOM) pollution in downstream drinking water plants and distribution systems. However, the responses of indoor piped drinking water quality and microbial community to AOM remain to be well studied. In this study, we investigated the effects of low and high concentrations of Chlorella organic matters on pipe-based drinking water. We found that AOM introduced nitrogen and phosphorus contamination into drinking water and promoted massive regeneration of bacteria during stagnation, along with increased bacterial metabolic activity. Compared to the Control group, the utilization capacity of alcohols, acids, esters, and amino acids increased under the influence of AOM. In addition, AOM intrusion reduced the bacterial community diversity in drinking water. The bacterial communities became more saturated, interspecific relationships became more complex, and interspecific competition increased. Bacteria with the ability to denitrification, such as Pseudomonas putida, Sphingobium amiense, Delftia tsuruhatensis, and Acidovorax temperans, were the most abundant. Residual chlorine, ammonium, nitrite, and iron had notable effects on the bacterial community under the influence of AOM. The results help elucidate the response mechanism of microbial community to AOM contamination in indoor drinking water pipes and provide a scientific basis for drinking water safety risk management.

108. 题目: Source characteristics and quantitative estimates of organic carbon composition in the intertidal zones of Jiaozhou Bay, China
文章编号: N24120207
期刊: Marine Pollution Bulletin
作者: Ke Liu, Jie Fu, Li Li, Daolai Zhang, Xiaotong Xiao
更新时间: 2024-12-02
摘要: The Jiaozhou Bay (JZB) intertidal zone is a significant carbon reservoir that plays a crucial role in transporting and accumulating organic matter; however, quantitative studies of organic matter sources are scarce. In this study, we present bulk parameters of total organic carbon (TOC), TOC/TN, δ13C, and biomarker contents in 36 surface sediment samples from the JZB intertidal zones to quantify the contribution of organic carbon (OC) derived from terrestrial/marine sources, such as C3 plants, C4 plants, estuarine productivity, sewage outlets, and marine productivity. The results demonstrated that a two-end-member model based on the traditional indicators of TOC/TN or δ13C is not appropriate for quantifying the OC source. The presence of C3 plants, C4 plants, and sewage outlets in the JZB intertidal zone could lead to errors in determining OC contribution when solely using TOC/TN or δ13C. A classical mixing diagram (three-end-member model) utilizing TOC/TN and δ13C values revealed that OC contribution was dominated by marine productivity throughout the intertidal zone. In the west, the average OC contribution from marine productivity, estuarine productivity, and C4 plants was 73.8 %, 14.2 %, and 12.0 %, respectively. In the east, the average OC contribution from marine productivity, estuarine productivity, and sewage outlets was 57.6 %, 24.9 %, and 17.4 %, respectively. The higher OC contribution from marine productivity in the west was attributed to the occurrence of Spartina alterniflora, while the OC contribution from estuarine productivity in the east was primarily due to the presence of more rivers flowing into the JZB compared to the west. By combining biomarkers and OC contents, a significant positive relationship verified the suitability of the end-member values selected for the three-end-member mixing model in the west and east intertidal zones of JZB. This finding was further supported by principal component analysis (PCA) analyses of these proxies. This study demonstrated that OC sources in intertidal zones varied among contrasting coastal environmental conditions and addressed the knowledge gap regarding biogeochemical cycles and ecological protection in the JZB intertidal zones.

109. 题目: Carbon territoriality at the land-water interface
文章编号: N24120206
期刊: Global Environmental Change
作者: Michelle Ann Miller
更新时间: 2024-12-02
摘要: Large volumes of organic carbon are stored in wetland ecosystems such as mangrove forests, peatlands, salt marshes and seagrass meadows. Efforts to mitigate anthropogenic climate change are transforming the governance of these naturally saturated carbon sinks. Scientific and market valuations of wetlands as carbon have prompted diverse experimentation with carbon sequestration projects and offset programs. These activities may displace wetland-reliant communities and add to societal equalities. This perspective paper develops the concept of carbon territoriality to explore emerging spaces of climate governance in wetlands. It moves beyond terra-centric policy debates tied to fixed and flat landscapes by integrating literature on the dynamic (sub)surface and atmospheric territorial dimensions of carbon. It posits that combining scientific knowledge of fixed carbon stocks with the inherited knowledge of coastal and riparian communities about fluid land–water connections could foster more inclusive and equitable forms of climate stewardship within biogeophysically relevant boundaries.

110. 题目: Enhanced adsorption of tetracycline by lanthanum/iron co-modified rice shell biochar: Synthesis, adsorption performance, site energy distribution and regeneration
文章编号: N24120205
期刊: Environmental Research
作者: Xiumin Li, Yang Zhang, Ruiqing Zhang, Zhe Liu
更新时间: 2024-12-02
摘要: A novel La/Fe co-modified biochar derived from rice shell (La/Fe@RSBC) was prepared and employed in tetracycline (TC) adsorption from water. The characterizations, kinetics, isotherms, thermodynamics, and site energy distribution (SED) were studied to investigate TC adsorption behaviors. La/Fe@RSBC exhibited the maximum adsorption capacity towards TC of 414.84 mg/g, which was 1.27–2.41 folds than that of RSBC, La@RSBC, and Fe@RSBC. The possible adsorption mechanism of TC dominantly involved H bond, surface complexation, pore filling, electrostatic attraction, and π-π electron donor-acceptor (EDA) interaction. Moreover, TC adsorption behavior was spontaneous and endothermic, significantly related to the compositions and dosage of La/Fe@RSBC, initial pH, and solution temperature. Additionally, SED results promulgated that co-loaded Fe and La synergistically enhanced the affinity of biochar and provided more adsorption sites for TC at a higher temperature. The residual TC after regeneration by ethanol dominantly inhibited the third stage of adsorption, that is, the adsorption of TC on the inner surface of La/Fe@RSBC in next run. Importantly, H2O2 combined with La/Fe@RSBC-mediated advanced oxidation process could effectively clear residual TC after ethanol desorption, which obviously improved the service life of La/Fe@RSBC. In addition, the swine wastewater treatment demonstrated that La/Fe@RSBC had a promising potential application in practical application.

111. 题目: Sustainable valorization of agricultural waste into bioplastic and its end-of-life recyclability for biochar production: Economic profitability and life cycle assessment
文章编号: N24120204
期刊: Chemosphere
作者: Robert Senga, Mahmoud Nasr, Manabu Fujii, Amal Abdelhaleem
更新时间: 2024-12-02
摘要: While the industrial sectors have recently focused on producing bioplastic materials, the utilization of edible feedstocks and the generation of wastes and byproducts during the bioplastic synthesis process might delay achieving the environmental sustainability strategy. To overcome these limitations related to bioplastic industrialization, this study focuses on synthesizing bioplastics from waste sources, followed by recycling its end-of-life (e.g., spent and exhausted) material into biochar. Sweet potato peel waste, banana pseudo-stems, and cooking oil waste were used to extract starch, cellulose, and glycerol (a plasticizer) involved in bioplastic manufacturing, respectively. It was found that the cellulose content of 30% w w⁻¹ in bioplastic maintained the best physicochemical, mechanical, and biodegradability properties, recommending a high applicability for food packaging. The exhausted bioplastic was then pyrolyzed to maintain a biochar yield of 32.60 ± 0.89%, avoiding the risk of secondary pollution from waste material disposal. This biochar was utilized to treat wastewater generated from the bioplastic synthesis process, showing the optimum adsorption factors of biochar dosage = 3.81 g L⁻¹, time = 102 min, and solution pH = 7.81. The combined bioplastic production, waste pyrolysis, and wastewater treatment scheme could earn profits from biomaterial sales, carbon credit, and pollution reduction shadow price, maintaining a 6.78-year payback period and a 12.09% internal rate of return. This integrated framework depicted better contributions to the mid-point/end-point life cycle assessment impact categories than the only bioplastic production scenario. This study contributed towards achieving several sustainable development goals (SDGs), including SDG#3: human health protection, SDG#6: wastewater treatment, and SDG#12: waste recycling.

112. 题目: Bioenhanced remediation of dibutyl phthalate contaminated black soil by immobilized biochar microbiota
文章编号: N24120203
期刊: Journal of Environmental Management
作者: Yue Tao, Yao Wang, Yunhe Cui, Rui Sun, Bo Zhang, Jianhua Qu, Hongguang Cai, Ying Zhang
更新时间: 2024-12-02
摘要: To address the contamination caused by DBP residues prevalent in black soils, this study developed a multifunctional bioremediation material (BHF@DK-P3) using humic acid and iron-modified corn stover biochar in combination with microbiota. The microbiota contained DBP-degrading bacteria (Enterobacterium sp. DNB-S2), phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria (Enterobacter sp. P1) and potassium-solubilizing bacteria (Paenibacillus sp. KT), and formed a good mutualistic symbiosis. In the biochar microenvironment, the microflora had lower DBP biotoxicity responses and more cell membrane formation. The addition of BHF@DK-P3 brought the structure of the DBP-contaminated black soil closer to the optimal three-phase ratio. The microbiota was able to perform their biological functions stably under both DBP stress and acid-base stress conditions. The stability of soil aggregates and the efficiency of N, P, K nutrients were improved, with available phosphorus increasing by 21.45%, available potassium by 12.54% and alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen by 14.74%. The relative abundance of copiotrophic bacterial taxa in the soil increased and the relative abundance of oligotrophic bacterial taxa decreased, providing a good mechanism for the conversion and utilization of soil nutrients. Biochar and microbiota jointly influenced soil carbon and nitrogen metabolism in response to DBP.

113. 题目: Effects of pyrolysis conditions on sewage sludge-biochar properties and potential risks based on PAH contents
文章编号: N24120202
期刊: Environmental Research
作者: Tamara Dudnikova, Ming Hung Wong, Tatiana Minkina, Svetlana Sushkova, Tatiana Bauer, Oleg Khroniuk, Andrei Barbashev, Evgenyi Shuvaev, Anastasiya Nemtseva, Ekaterina Kravchenko
更新时间: 2024-12-02
摘要: Pyrolysis of sewage sludge can significantly reduce industrial waste while producing high-value biochar for soil improvement. This study aimed to evaluate the quality and safety of biochar from sewage sludge under different pyrolysis conditions. Optimal carbonization conditions (700 °C, 60 min, 5 °C/min) were identified by analyzing the physicochemical properties, elemental composition, structural characteristics, and the specific surface area of biochar. Results show that pyrolysis of waste sludge reduces the total content of priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by 48%, from 6367 ng/g to 3317 ng/g, mainly due to a reduction in low-molecular-weight compounds. The composition of polyarenes in biochars is represented primarily by low-molecular compounds, among which naphthalene and phenanthrene predominate. At the same time, among high-molecular compounds, fluoranthene, pyrene, and chrysene stand out, significantly dominating the overall picture. According to the Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk model, the carcinogenic risks associated with biochar usage are primarily driven by hazardous compounds such as chrysene, benzo(a)pyrene, and dibenz(a,h)anthracene, evaluated through toxic equivalent concentrations. It was found that with oral or dermal exposure to these pollutants, the likelihood of cancer in children is 1.1–1.4 times higher than in adults. At the same time, with inhalation, this threat increases by 1.5 times for adults compared to children. However, with increased pyrolysis temperature, heating rate, and holding time of sewage sludge, the carcinogenic risks of biochar decrease. Biochar produced under optimal conditions contains PAH levels below toxic threshold standards set by the International Biochar Initiative. The safe application rate for biochar in Haplic Chernozem soils at 0–20 cm depth is up to 26 t/ha.

114. 题目: Terrestrial dissolved organic matter inputs affect the nitrous oxide emission revealed by FT-ICR MS
文章编号: N24120201
期刊: Science of the Total Environment
作者: Zezheng Wang, Lu Li, Chengchao Liao, Min Deng, Xiaoyan Jiang, Yongxia Huang, Zhiwei Xia, Kang Song
更新时间: 2024-12-02
摘要: Nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from lake systems could be affected via intrusion of terrestrial organic matter, causing impairment in biogeochemical cycling. The sources and mechanisms by which DOM (Dissolved organic matter) alters emissions of N2O are poorly understood. Here, we simulate different terrestrial DOM (anthropogenic sources, natural sources, and surface runoff) to assess the mechanisms affecting N2O emissions with variations of DOM. We used a combination of absorption spectroscopy, excitation-emission matrix fluorescence, and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry to characterize DOM comprehensively. For the characterization of DOM, a combination of absorption spectroscopy, excitation-emission matrix fluorescence, and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry was used. Microbial analysis was conducted to identify the potential microbial mechanisms. Different terrestrial DOM inputs primarily impact N2O emissions through the denitrification process (14.52 %, p < 0.05), with significant effects on the abundance of narG (12.97 %, p < 0.05) and nirK+S (10.13 %, p < 0.05). The biodegradable components in sediments directly promote N2O emissions, while in aquatic systems, the labile components (proteins, sugars, and lipids-like) were preferentially metabolized, producing reluctant derivatives. The biodegradable components (i.e., protein-like) from anthropogenic sources rapidly facilitate N2O production. Natural and surface runoff sources were the significant drivers for the continuous release and metabolism of DOM. N2O Loss emissions are negatively influenced by the regulation of carbon and nitrogen metabolism by nitrifiers and denitrifies in the sediment (p < 0.001). Metabolism of carbon and nitrogen regulated by nitrifier and denitrifies in the sediments negatively influences N2O flux (p < 0.001). N2O emissions were mainly influenced by bioavailability of inputs: DOM and varying terrestrial conditions. The results provide a theoretical base for the management of greenhouse gas emissions from lakes.

115. 题目: Fungal degradation of complex organic carbon supports denitrification in saturated woodchip bioreactors
文章编号: N24112820
期刊: Bioresource Technology
作者: Hao Wang, Gary W Feyereisen, Jiwei Zhang, Satoshi Ishii
更新时间: 2024-11-28
摘要: Woodchip bioreactor (WBR) is a promising technology for the removal of nitrate from agricultural drainage, although the performance of WBRs is dependent on the decomposition of lignocellulosic biomass and the carbon availability for microbial denitrification. Fungal species are more efficient than bacterial counterparts in driving wood decomposition; however, little is known about the fungal community structure and functions in saturated WBRs. In this study, we investigated the dynamics of the mycobiome in field-scale, constantly saturated WBRs located in Willmar, Minnesota, USA. Fungal community analysis suggested that wood-rotting fungi were abundant in WBRs, especially near their inlet locations where microbial denitrification was most active. Complex network structures of fungal hyphae associated with a decayed cavity on the woodchip surface was further evidenced by confocal and scanning electron microscopy. These results suggest that fungi play a major role in wood degradation in WBRs, thereby promoting denitrification activity.

116. 题目: Effects of biochar-loaded microbial agent in regulating nitrogen transformation and integration into humification for straw composting
文章编号: N24112819
期刊: Bioresource Technology
作者: Mingxing Li, Hui Jiang, Ruiding Li, Wendong Liu, Yong Xie, Wenchan Wu, Dongyang Liu, Minghui Wu, Zhongping Qiu
更新时间: 2024-11-28
摘要: Exogenous additives can impact organic matter transformation in composting, but their effects on nitrogen conversion and humification in straw composting require clarification. This study investigated how rice husk biochar-loaded microbial agent (RM) affects nitrogen transformation and humification during straw composting. Results showed that the addition of RM enhanced ammonia oxidation and assimilation during composting, leading to a 10.32%–22.27% increase in total nitrogen content. Furthermore, the RM treatment enriched nitrogen-converting microbes such as Longispora and Coprinopsis, enhancing synergistic relationships among microbes, facilitating the accumulation of pivotal nitrogenous humus precursors (amino acid nitrogen), and promoting humus formation. This research not only guides reducing nitrogen loss during composting and elucidating the relationship between nitrogen transformation and humification but also contributes to enhancing bioconversion efficiency of agricultural waste to explore new ways of straw waste management.

117. 题目: Highway to health: Microbial pathways of soil organic carbon accrual in conservation farming systems
文章编号: N24112818
期刊: Geoderma
作者: Sabine Huber, Christoph Rosinger, Gernot Bodner, Luca Giuliano Bernardini, Magdalena Bieber, Axel Mentler, Orracha Sae-Tun, Bernhard Scharf, Katharina Maria Keiblinger
更新时间: 2024-11-28
摘要: Increasing pressure on arable land related to climate change mitigation and adaptation within recent policy frameworks has generated widespread interest in the effect of sustainable agricultural management practices on soil organic carbon (SOC) storage. Current frameworks point to soil microorganisms and their functioning as the key drivers of SOC accrual. This study provides a comprehensive on-farm assessment of changes in SOC formation pathways (physico-chemical and microbial) and the underlying drivers comparing three soil use systems: conservation and conventional farming systems as well as permanently vegetated adjacent reference soils (i.e., field margins) without agricultural land-use.

118. 题目: Enhancement of microplastics and nanoplastics removal via filtration method using surface-engineered palm kernel shell biochar
文章编号: N24112817
期刊: Separation and Purification Technology
作者: Muhammad Adli Hanif, Naimah Ibrahim, Nur Adlyna Hayazi, Farrah Aini Dahalan, Umi Fazara Md. Ali, Aishah Abdul Jalil, Achmad Syafiuddin
更新时间: 2024-11-28
摘要: Microplastics (MP) and nanoplastics (NP) are major aquatic contaminants, raising concerns due to their strong affinity for other toxic substances. Filtration is widely employed for MP and NP removal due to its simplicity, efficiency and variety of available filtration media. In this study, the removal efficiency of MP and NP was investigated using surface-engineered biochar of palm kernel shell (PKS) origin, modified with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The modified biochar demonstrated performance superior to the unmodified biochar, achieving 95.71 % and 96.12 % polyethylene MP (2–4 μm) removal efficiency as measured by turbidity and gravimetric methods, respectively, at an optimal CTAB concentration of 1.5CMC. The optimized biochar (PKS-1.5CMC) also improved the removal efficiencies for a range of other MP and NP particles varying in size (159 nm–48 μm), shape (irregular, spherical, fibrous) and polymer type (polyethylene, polyamide). The modification with CTAB increased the biochar’s surface positive charge and hydrophobicity, resulting in stronger electrostatic attraction and hydrophobic interactions with MP and NP particles, which are negatively charged and hydrophobic by nature. In terms of MP and NP properties, higher removal efficiencies were obtained for (i) larger MPs due to easier retention, (ii) NPs due to their tendency to agglomerate, resulting in larger particle size, (iii) irregularly shaped particles, because of their surface roughness, providing more attachment sites and (iv) polyethylene MPs and NPs, owing to their higher hydrophobicity and lower negative zeta potential. Significant formation of a cake layer observed on the upper surface of the filter media suggested that filtration, rather than adsorption, was the dominant mechanism for the removal of MP and NP by biochar.

119. 题目: Defects and oxygen functional groups on sludge biochar synergistic activation of PMS for degradation of sulfamethoxazole and practical application
文章编号: N24112816
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Yinyin Xu, Chen Wang, Xiaomeng An, Yukun Wang, Mingsi Gao, Rui Wang, Pengfei Ke, Xiuwen Cheng
更新时间: 2024-11-28
摘要: As one of the by-product, residual sludge needs to be utilized urgently. For this purpose, sludge biochar (ASBC-1) abundant oxygen functional groups (OFGs) with edge defects was designed to reuse the residual sludge. The ASBC-1/ Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) system removed 94.63% of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) within 30 min and had strong pH versatility, interference resistance, and stability. Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed that the degree of defects and the content of OFGs were influenced by different acidification conditions. Furthermore, the relationship between degradation performance and the degree of defects or OFGs was confirmed by Pearson correlation analysis. DFT calculations revealed that the degree of defects and OFGs synergistically promoted the activation of PMS. A continuous flow fixed-bed reactor with gel pellets as packing material was constructed, and the removal rate of SMX was suitable under different water matrix backgrounds. This method provided a treatment and disposal solution for reusing sludge resources in accordance with the principles of sustainable development.

120. 题目: Potential Role of Photochemistry in Environmental DNA Degradation
文章编号: N24112815
期刊: Environmental Science & Technology Letters
作者: Eliane Ballmer, Kristopher McNeill, Kristy Deiner
更新时间: 2024-11-28
摘要: Given the severe loss of species richness across diverse ecosystems, there is an urgent need to assess and monitor biodiversity on a global scale. The analysis of environmental DNA (eDNA), referring to any DNA extracted from environmental samples and subsequently sequenced, is a promising method for performing such biodiversity related studies. However, a comprehensive understanding of the factors that drive distinct eDNA degradation rates under different environmental conditions is currently missing, which limits the spatiotemporal interpretations that are possible from the eDNA-based detection of species. Here, we explore what role photochemistry may play in the fate of eDNA in aquatic ecosystems. Since few eDNA photodegradation studies have been performed, we extrapolate measured photochemical degradation dynamics from dissolved organic matter (DOM) and cellular DNA to what is expected for eDNA. Our findings show that photochemistry may dominate eDNA degradation under certain environmental conditions (e.g., DOM-rich waters with no light-limitation) and that photochemical alteration of eDNA may impact microbial respiration rates and the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-based detection of eDNA. We therefore encourage future studies to analyze the impact of photochemistry on eDNA degradation and provide suggested research directions that could help improve the accuracy of spatiotemporal inferences from eDNA analyses.