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101. 题目: The determination of potential leaching risk area for fluvo-aquic soil nitrate based on the ratio of dissolved organic carbon to nitrogen
文章编号: N25110902
期刊: Environmental Technology & Innovation
作者: Xiaosong Yang, Yanfen Wang, Zijian Xie, Xianlin Ke, Songyan Li, Kun Wang, Xia Jiang, Zhengyi Hu
更新时间: 2025-11-09
摘要: The ratio of soil dissolved organic carbon to nitrogen (DOC:N) influences mineralization and immobilization, consequently impacting soil nitrate nitrogen (NO₃⁻–N) accumulation and leaching. However, its relationship with soil NO₃⁻–N leaching remains ambiguous, especially in soil profiles. This study employed soil column leaching experiments and field investigations to elucidate the association between soil DOC:N ratios and potential leaching risk of NO3−-N in fluvo-aquic soil across three depths (0-20 cm, topsoil; 20-40 cm, subsoil; 40-60 cm, third-layer soil). Soil column demonstrated a positive linear correlation between both NO3−-N concentration and the amount of leached NO3−-N in soil leachate and soil NO3−-N content extracted via cascade extraction methods. Within each soil layer, both parameters exhibited an exponential decrease with increasing soil DOC:N. Field validation confirmed robust negative exponential correlations between soil DOC:N and the corresponding NO₃⁻-N concentration in field soil solutions. High protease activity and high nitrogenase activity were respectively observed under low soil DOC:N ratio and high soil DOC:N ratio. Based on Groundwater Quality Standard (20 mg NO₃⁻-N L⁻¹), critical DOC:N thresholds were established at 0.117 (topsoil), 0.145 (subsoil), and 0.137 (third-layer soil). The potential leaching risk of NO3−-N was assessed by the DOC:N of soil collected from three depths in 2017. The potential risk for NO3−-N leaching across all three layers showcased a consistent spatial distribution pattern: higher risks were identified around greenhouse land on the east bank of Chaobai River. These findings indicate that soil DOC:N can serve as an indicator for evaluating potential nitrate leaching risk.

102. 题目: Toward sustained and efficient n-caproate production: Insights into magnetite-encapsulated biochar mediated microbial chain elongation
文章编号: N25110901
期刊: Bioresource Technology
作者: Benteng Wu, Yangjuan Cheng, Jing Gu, Haoran Yuan, Jerry D Murphy
更新时间: 2025-11-09
摘要: Decarbonization of the chemical sector may be facilitated by microbial chain elongation, through conversion of organic waste into chemical products. Challenges in efficient interspecies electron transfer is a barrier to this technology. Here we introduce a magnetite-encapsulated biochar (Fe@biochar) amendment strategically integrated with chain elongation to facilitate sustained and efficient n-caproate production. This strategy increased n-caproate yields to 13.92 g COD/L, 199 % and 71 % higher than the control (4.66 g COD/L) and biochar (8.13 g COD/L) groups, respectively. Most importantly, Fe@biochar consistently enhanced n-caproate production after recycle, a continuity not observed with biochar. This difference may be attributed to the inhibitory effects of high concentrations of undissociated n-caproic acid (up to 9.06 mM or 2.32 g COD/L) on functional microbes in the biochar group. Microbial community analysis identified Clostridium_sensu_stricto as the key genus involved in n-caproate production. Comparative metagenomic and microbial activity analyses revealed the energy metabolism, where Fe@biochar promoted extracellular iron-based electron transfer, and further accelerated intracellular electron sinks. This is substantiated by a 3.6 fold increase in electron transfer system activity and evaluated relative abundances of key genes encoding acetyl-CoA synthetase (15.0 % increase), cytochrome c biosynthesis (28.7 % increase) and NADH dehydrogenase (48.0 % increase). This study offers a new paradigm for sustained n-caproate production.

103. 题目: Synergistic Photochemistry of Dissolved Black Carbon Mediated by Iron: A Critical Pathway for Enhancing Hydroxyl Radical Generation
文章编号: N25110706
期刊: Environmental Science & Technology
作者: Huanxin Ma, Yalan Chen, Yue Wang, Chunhua Feng, Zhi Dang, Shishu Zhu, Ke Sun
更新时间: 2025-11-07
摘要: Dissolved black carbon (DBC) displays strong photochemical effects in surface Earth systems through reactive oxygen species production, yet the role of redox minerals during this process has been poorly characterized. While evidence emphasized significant iron–DBC coupling, the underlying mechanistic basis for their photochemical synergy requires further elucidation. This study comprehensively evaluated the coupled impacts of iron on photochemical reactive oxygen species production from a variety of DBC sources and the behind mechanisms. Results demonstrated that the synergistic photochemistry of the iron–DBC coupling system led to 1–2 orders of magnitude higher hydroxyl radical (^·OH) generation than that from DBC alone, and its ^·OH fluxes approached the previously reported global levels for natural ^·OH yields. Notably, the Fe(III)-mediated net enhancement in ^·OH generation was 2 times higher for DBC than for dissolved organic matter, yet with a minor contribution of iron redox cycling (<6%). Experimental and modeling results revealed that the photo-generation of organic peroxides (ROO^·), which were initiated by the oxygenation of carbon-centered radicals produced upon photolysis of Fe(III)–DBC complexes, served as a critical pathway driving >75% of additional ^·OH production. Especially, the photogenerated ROO^· from DBC associated with Fe(III) showed higher reduction potentials (E_red⁰) beneficial for ^·OH generation via intermolecular propagation reactions. Ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry and model compound analyses suggested the dominant roles of unsaturated carbon structures and Fe(III)-promoted decarboxylation in facilitating the significant photogeneration of ROO^· from DBC. The findings explored the unrecognized photochemical pathway of iron–DBC coupling, providing new insights into the biogeochemical role of DBC and the natural origins of ^·OH.

104. 题目: Synergistic cadmium immobilization and maize growth promotion by chitosan modified biochar loaded with Bacillus subtilis composites: mechanistic insights and life-cycle assessment
文章编号: N25110705
期刊: Bioresource Technology
作者: Mirezhatijiang Kayoumu, Yihao Mei, Yanqing Liu, Tingting He, Jinman Cao, Zewen Wang, Hong-Mei Zhang, Guilan Duan
更新时间: 2025-11-07
摘要: Cadmium (Cd) contamination endangers soil health and food safety, with conventional biochar-microbe composites limited by low bacterial loading and poor microbial persistence. This study developed a novel chitosan-modified biochar loaded with Bacillus subtilis (CSBC@BS.sp) for synergistic Cd immobilization and maize growth promotion in contaminated soil. Chitosan modification introduced abundant Amino (–NH2) and hydroxyl group (–OH), enhancing biochar bacterial loading capacity and Cd2+ complexation. The composite significantly reduced DTPA-extractable Cd by 57.5%, acid-soluble Cd by 62.1%, and uptake in maize, while increasing plant biomass (92.5%). Mechanistic investigations revealed that CSBC@BS.sp facilitated microbial colonization, enriched beneficial bacteria, promoted extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) secretion, and upregulated metabolic pathways related to metal chelation and nutrient cycling. Life-cycle assessment (LCA) confirmed the CSBC@BS.sp low environmental impact and cost-effectiveness ($26.5/kg). The work demonstrates a sustainable soil amendment strategy leveraging biochar-microbe synergy for effective heavy metal remediation and agricultural enhancement.

105. 题目: Waste-derived non-metallic biochar catalyst with intrinsic heteroatoms for acceleration of Fe(III)/H2O2 activation: the electron transfer mechanism of biochar
文章编号: N25110704
期刊: Journal of Hazardous Materials
作者: Dazhen Li, Jiang Yu, Xin Lv, Rongfu Huang
更新时间: 2025-11-07
摘要: The reuse of traditional biomass waste has become a popular research direction in the fields of chemical engineering, catalysis and processing in recent years. The sustainable recycling of Fe(III)/Fe(II) is of vital importance in the Fenton treatment of various types of wastewater used in the chemical, pharmaceutical and other industries. In this study, a non-metallic biochar catalyst derived from peanut shell biomass waste was used to catalyze recyclable Fe(III)/Fe(II) through simple calcination treatment. The prepared biochar containing intrinsic nitrogen atoms was named NBC. The addition of NBC significantly accelerated the Fe(III)/H₂O₂ system, and achieved complete removal of diethyl phthalate (DEP) and efficient removal of other organic pollutants (> 94%) within 60 min through the probable synergistic between the NaHCO₃-induced adsorption and the catalytic activity determined by the calcination temperature. Notably, the use of non-metallic catalysts avoids secondary metal pollution, offering an environmentally benign alternative to traditional metal catalysts. Physicochemical and electrochemical characterizations confirmed that NBC acts as an efficient electron donor and medium, facilitating Fe(III) reduction and boosting Fenton reactions. The main catalytic sites, such as graphitic carbon, C-O dominated oxygenated groups, graphite-N, and pyridine-N, were identified as crucial for electron transfer. This work provides key mechanism support and technological basis for the green degradation of environmental pollutants and the efficient catalytic reuse of biomass waste.

106. 题目: Effects of pyrolysis parameters on biochar derived from sewage sludge including environmental risk assessment of heavy metals
文章编号: N25110703
期刊: Journal of Environmental Management
作者: Dorota Makowska, Manikandan Pandiyan, Katarzyna Kapusta, Karolina Kolarz, Zuzanna Stypka, André L Boehman, Margaret S Wooldridge
更新时间: 2025-11-07
摘要: Pyrolysis is a promising thermochemical process for managing sewage sludge while simultaneously producing biochar, a valuable co-product. This study systematically investigated the effects of the pyrolysis parameters of temperature (200–800 °C), residence time (5–60 min), and inert gas flow rate (0.25–1.0 dm /min) on the properties of biochars obtained from sewage sludge. Comprehensive characterization of the biochars was conducted, including composition analyses (ultimate, proximate, elemental, and molecular), acidity, specific surface area and pore size, and the assessment of eight heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb, Cr, Zn, Mn, Ni and Cu) in the biochars and sewage sludge. The results showed pyrolysis temperature and residence time were the most critical parameters affecting biochar quality, with negligible influence of inert gas flow rate. Higher pyrolysis temperatures ( 500 °C) increased biochar pH to alkaline values ( 10), ash content, and nutrient concentrations (Ca, K, Mg, P). Temperatures above 600 °C significantly increased biochar surface area, reduced pore size, and yielded H/C ratios below 0.57, improving suitability for soil remediation. Pyrolysis also facilitated volatilization of heavy metals, particularly As and Cd, which were reduced to safe levels, with Cd removal exceeding 90% at 700 °C. Metal analysis confirmed the immobilization of heavy metals in biochar, significantly reducing the environmental risk, from high (PERI 1158) in the sewage sludge feedstock to low (PERI 50) in biochar obtained at temperatures above 600 °C. Most heavy metals in biochar at these temperatures were concentrated in oxidizable and residual fractions. The results provide valuable new data to guide development of pyrolysis for the sustainable management of sewage sludge.

107. 题目: Enhanced bacterial capture in hematite-modified biochar amended coral sand filters: Lab-scale validation and DFT mechanisms
文章编号: N25110702
期刊: Journal of Hazardous Materials
作者: Jialiang Liang, Guang Chen, Jingyao Luo, Pengfei Gan, Yunyi Li, Zhiwei Zhao, Meiping Tong
更新时间: 2025-11-07
摘要: Tropical coral island soils exhibit high porosity and poor water retention, enabling rapid pathogen leaching into fragile freshwater lenses that serve as the primary drinking source for island residents, creating significant public health risks through groundwater contamination. To address this critical vulnerability, we engineered hematite-modified biochar (HBC) enhanced coral sand filters where merely 2 wt% HBC amendment achieved exceptional bacterial retention exceeding 99% for both E. coli and B. subtilis, representing a dramatic improvement over the 11.6% retention in untreated sand. Mechanistically, HBC simultaneously reduces electrostatic repulsion through surface charge neutralization quantified by Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory, shifting interaction energies from 388 kT repulsion to net attraction, while Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations revealed hematite's atomic-scale chemisorption dominance via stable Fe-O-P coordination bonds with bacterial extracellular components, evidenced by adenosine monophosphate adsorption energy reaching -4.97 eV. Mathematical modeling through HYDRUS-1D's two-site kinetic framework confirmed irreversible adsorption dominance under continuous flow conditions. Crucially, HBC maintained over 98% retention efficiency against humic acid interference, diverse real water matrices, and prolonged high bacterial loads up to 10⁷ cells per milliliter, establishing this amended filtration system as a robust solution for protecting island freshwater resources against pathogenic contamination.

108. 题目: Desorption dynamics of black carbon in a subtropical estuary
文章编号: N25110701
期刊: Marine Chemistry
作者: Qinghua Zhang, Weifeng Yang, Ziming Fang, Zeheng Lin, Minfang Zheng, Mengya Chen
更新时间: 2025-11-07
摘要: The geochemical behavior of black carbon (BC) in the estuary system controls the magnitude of riverine BC into coastal seas and thus the budget of BC in the ocean. However, the poor understanding of BC behavior in estuaries prevents us from well quantifying the riverine BC export. Here, eight cruises were conducted in the Jiulong River estuary to delineate the behavior of dissolved black carbon (DBC) determined using the benzenepolycarboxylic acid (BPCA) method, as well as its influence on riverine DBC estimation. DBC showed a range of 1.16–7.88 μmol L−1. On an estuarine scale, DBC correlated negatively with salinity in all cruises (p < 0.05), revealing a dominant dilution effect of seawater during the transport of riverine DBC to the Taiwan Strait. Notably, the continuous addition behavior of DBC was identified in the low salinity zones based on high-solution samplings, attributing to the desorption of soluble BC from particulate matter. Simulation analysis indicated that the desorption followed a pseudo-first-order kinetic law. The kinetic constants varied from 0.053 h−1 to 0.84 h−1 with the maximum in summer. Incorporating desorbed DBC, the annual export rate of riverine DBC was 1.1 Gg yr−1, about 26 % higher than 0.9 Gg yr−1 estimated based on the traditional algorithm (i.e., without addition). The first examination of DBC desorption kinetics provided insights into the behavior of BC in the estuary and the riverine DBC magnitude into the ocean.

109. 题目: Enhanced bioremediation of α-terpineol-contaminated mining soil through immobilization of Indigenous biosurfactant-producing bacteria on biochar
文章编号: N25110620
期刊: Biology and Fertility of Soils
作者: Jin-Cheng Ye, Wei-Liang Li, You-Qun Xie, Huan Du, Lei Xiang, Bai-Lin Liu, Nai-Xian Feng, Yan-Wen Li, Quan-Ying Cai, Miaoyue Zhang, Ce-Hui Mo, Hai-Ming Zhao
更新时间: 2025-11-06
摘要: Persistent α-terpineol contamination in mining soils, with prolonged inhibition on indigenous microbial communities and increases in the bioavailability of co-occurring pollutants, is toxic for the ecosystem. This underscores the urgent need for the development of effective remediation strategies. This study investigated the efficacy of immobilized biosurfactant-producing bacteria in the bioremediation of α-terpineol-contaminated mining soils. Pseudomonas sp. S4, isolated from non-ferrous metal mining sites, degraded α-terpineol, produced rhamnolipid biosurfactant and showed a broad-spectrum heavy metal resistance. Soil remediation experiments demonstrated that biochar-immobilized S4 significantly enhanced α-terpineol removal in a heavy metal-polluted mining soil, achieving an 89% removal rate within 11 days, far surpassing that by free bacterial inoculation (49%). Notably, the biochar-immobilized S4 not only improved pollutant degradation but also promoted soil microbial diversity, increasing relative abundance of beneficial and degradative bacterial populations. This study presents an integrated bioremediation approach that synergistically combines biosurfactant-mediated solubilization, microbial metabolic degradation, and biochar immobilization, thereby offering a sustainable and efficient solution for the remediation of α-terpineol-contaminated soils.

110. 题目: Thermal Desorption Coupled with Persulfate Oxidation for Removing Soil Organic Pollutants: Key Role of Soil Organic Matter Passivation
文章编号: N25110619
期刊: Journal of Hazardous Materials
作者: Zhicheng Li, Jun Liang, Jingming Li, Xiaoyu Ma, Yi Lang, Hanwen Li, Hao Qiu, Xinde Cao, Ling Zhao
更新时间: 2025-11-06
摘要: Traditional thermal desorption and persulfate (PS) oxidation technologies have been widely employed for soil contamination remediation. However, conventional methods suffer from high energy consumption in thermal desorption and excessive chemical usage. To address these limitations, this study developed a novel sequential strategy combining low-temperature thermal desorption (LTTD) to remove low-boiling-point organic pollutants and subsequent persulfate activation using residual heat to degrade residual non-volatile pollutants, achieving effective remediation of soils co-contaminated with wide-boiling-range organics. The degradation efficiencies of low-boiling-point n-undecane (C₁₁), high-boiling-point n-eicosane (C₂₀), and non-linear polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon benzo[a]pyrene (BAP) were systematically compared between solely PS oxidation and the coupled LTTD-PS system. Results revealed that 8-hour LTTD at 120°C achieved 74.33% removal of C₁₁ and significantly reduced reactive SOM content. The coupled LTTD-PS system (0.9 mmol/g PS dosage, 8 h, 120°C) achieved 71.2% removal of C₂₀ and complete elimination of BAP and C₁₁. Unlike solely PS oxidation, the coupled system demonstrated dual benefits: thermal desorption removed volatile pollutants while simultaneously passivating reactive soil organic matter (SOM) components (e.g., aromatic and olefinic structures), thereby minimizing radicals (SO₄•^⁻ and •OH) scavenging and enhancing subsequent PS activation efficiency. This integrated approach provides a low-carbon, cost-effective solution for efficient remediation of soils contaminated with complex organic mixtures.

111. 题目: Enhancement of persulfate/Fe2+ oxidation process by water-extractable organic matter in sediment
文章编号: N25110618
期刊: Journal of Hazardous Materials
作者: Cheolyong Kim, Jae-Hyun Jo, Inseong Hwang
更新时间: 2025-11-06
摘要: The role of water-extractable organic matter (WEOM), a naturally occurring fraction of sediment organic matter, in persulfate (S2O82−) activation by Fe2+ was investigated. Batch experiments using phenol as a model contaminant indicated that WEOM markedly improved the performance of the S2O82−/Fe2+ system by forming redox-active Fe-WEOM complexes rather than allowing Fe3+ to precipitate. Fluorescence spectroscopy indicated that the WEOM contained abundant algae-derived protein-like and microbially derived fractions that were distinct from terrestrially derived organic matter reference materials. Mechanistic investigations indicated that moderate Fe-WEOM complexation stabilized soluble iron species and also mitigated sulfate radical (SO4•−) scavenging by preventing excess contact between Fe2+ and S2O82−, and this increased the initial oxidation rate. Excessive complexation, however, caused steric hindrance that inhibited S2O82− activation by Fe2+. Electron donation by WEOM contributed only a little to persulfate activation. The results indicated that the redox and steric properties of WEOM affected the S2O82−/Fe2+ system and indicated the importance of considering the site-specific organic matter composition when using persulfate-based oxidation to remediate sediment.

112. 题目: Mechanism of biomass driving microbial community assembly in eco-engineering bauxite residues: Based on molecular traits of dissolved organic matter
文章编号: N25110617
期刊: Bioresource Technology
作者: Guizhen Wang, Aiju Liu, Yunna Wang, Guoqin Hou, Fangshuo Zhang, Jing Liu, Zafran Gul Wazir, Yuzhi Xu, Kai Liu, Hongliang Liu, Peng Fu
更新时间: 2025-11-06
摘要: Microbial community and dissolved organic matter (DOM) are two crucial factors controlling amelioration of biomass eco-engineering bauxite residues, yet the underlying coupling mechanism has remained poorly understood. This study investigated DOM molecular traits and chemodiversity as well as microbial diversity in various eco-engineering bauxite residues, by applying FT-ICR-MS and DNA sequences analysis. And the factors driving the specialization of DOM-microbe networks were identified with structural equation model (Semenov et al.). Our results demonstrated that exogenous organic amendments, particularly those incorporating vermiculite or fly ash, significantly enhanced DOM molecular richness and drove shifts in molecular composition. These changes regulated microbial assembly in eco-engineering bauxite residues by influencing the specialization of DOM-microbe interactions. Further random forest and structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses revealed that, besides environmental distal proxies, DOM molecular traits and microbial biodiversity also served as important proximal drivers regulating DOM-microbe interactions. The present study reveals that DOM compounds are informative for describing the pedogenesis of eco-engineering bauxite residues, and the combination of exogenous OM and fly ash could advance the eco-engineering pedogenesis of bauxite residues.

113. 题目: Enhanced electron transfer mediated by surface functional groups of targetedly modified sludge-based biochar for sustainable microbial chain elongation
文章编号: N25110616
期刊: Bioresource Technology
作者: Fanyun Meng, Liwei Wang, Junyue Xu, Xupeng Li, Jiuxiao Hao
更新时间: 2025-11-06
摘要: While unmodified sludge-based biochar (SBBC) exhibits limited electron transfer capacity in chain elongation (CE), its surface functional groups are recognized as critical factor influencing direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET). This study employed three modification methods, i.e., H2O2, HNO3, and anthraquinone sulfonate (AQS), to explore the effects of modified SBBC on CE process. Results indicated that the AQS-modified SBBC (SBBC-AQS) exhibited optimal electron transfer properties and electrochemical activity. Thus, SBBC-AQS greatly promoted DIET-mediated CE, leading to 62% higher caproate production compared to no biochar. Further recycling experiments confirmed the reusability of SBBC-AQS, along with the biofilm formation. Lastly, metagenomic analysis revealed that modified SBBC improved the abundance of CE bacteria such as Clostridium kluyveri, and introduced electron-transferring bacteria such as Petrimonas, so as to reinforce ethanol oxidation and medium-chain fatty acids production. This study offers novel insights into the sustainable material and microbes synergistic regulation to achieve an efficient CE system.

114. 题目: The targeted removal of aromatic inhibitors in dilute acid prehydrolysate of corn stover by KOH-modified biochar for the efficient production of lactic acid
文章编号: N25110615
期刊: Journal of Environmental Management
作者: Yuli Shen, Li Luo, Karfee Chong, Yi Yang, David Blersch, Vekes Balasundram, Suan Shi, Lujia Han
更新时间: 2025-11-06
摘要: The production of lactic acid via biomass fermentation can potentially reduce environmental pollution and enhance the development of sustainable waste management systems. In the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass, various toxic substances are produced that can severely inhibit the subsequent microbial fermentation. Aromatic compounds are one of the major inhibitors in the prehydrolysate. In this study, KOH-modified corn stover biochar (K-CSB) was developed for the targeted removal of aromatic compounds as well as other inhibitors in the dilute acid prehydrolysate of corn stover. K-CSB had a specific surface area of 359.1 m2 g−1 with an average mesopore diameter of 9.6 nm, and it also showed a higher content of carbonyl groups. After detoxification with K-CSB, 9 of the 22 detectable aromatic compounds were completely removed, and the overall aromatic compounds removal rate was 68.7 %. The lag phase of lactic acid fermentation of the prehydrolysate was reduced from 48 to 0 h after detoxification. A satisfactory lactic acid production reached 41.45 g L−1 with a yield of 86.2 % in 36 h, and the maximum volumetric productivity of 1.45 g L−1 h−1 was achieved at 24 h. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after detoxification decreased by 37.3 % to a similar level in the pure glucose group. The key enzyme activities in lactic acid fermentation, such as NADH Oxidase (NOX) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), were enhanced after K-CSB detoxification.

115. 题目: Data fusion enhances the accuracy of soil organic carbon estimation by using high accuracy surface modeling
文章编号: N25110614
期刊: Soil and Tillage Research
作者: Wei Zhou, Ting Wang, Yao Peng, Wenping Yu, Xiaofang Sun, Yongzhong Tian, Saibo Li, Zhengping Du, Tianxiang Yue
更新时间: 2025-11-06
摘要: Having the ability to accurately and effectively obtain soil organic carbon (SOC) spatial information is critical for assessing soil carbon sequestration capacity and mitigating climate change. However, there remains a significant research gap in the collaborative application of multi-source data and their impact on model estimation accuracy. This gap limits the ability to assess soil carbon pools accurately. Therefore, we propose a data-model fusion framework that uses three types of multi-source data—environmental variables, optical remote sensing, and synthetic aperture radar (SAR)— along with three machine learning algorithms to predict SOC. We conducted data fusion of SOC field observation data and model simulations using high—accuracy surface modeling (HASM). The results showed that: (1) The data Ⅶ combination, which incorporates all three data types, paired with support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) models, obtained higher prediction accuracy (R2 increased by 4 % - 53 %, and RMSE decreased by 18 % - 25 %) compared to other data combinations. (2) After data fusion using HASM, simulation accuracy improved significantly (R2 increased by 18 % - 22 %, and RMSE decreased by 2 % - 12 %). Additionally, the spatial distribution pattern was more reasonable, with corrections made to previously underestimated and overestimated SOC content. This study demonstrates that multi-source data fusion combined with machine learning techniques can achieve optimal results for SOC prediction. This approach provides an accurate and novel method for estimating SOC at national and global scales and offers scientific guidance for the spatial planning of terrestrial carbon sink strategies.

116. 题目: Particulate organic carbon dominates soil organic carbon dynamics in alpine ecosystems for its climate sensitivity and continuous storage
文章编号: N25110613
期刊: Catena
作者: Yubin Wang, Deng Ao, Baorong Wang, Yuanjia Chen, Yang Hu, Bicheng Zhang, Haolin Zhang, Wei Guo, Shaoshan An
更新时间: 2025-11-06
摘要: Alpine ecosystems on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau store massive soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks that are highly vulnerable to global climate change. Understanding the stabilization mechanisms of particulate (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) is crucial for predicting carbon-climate feedbacks. Through analysis of 50 soil profiles across forest, grassland, and wetland ecosystems, we found MAOC dominated SOC pools (averaging 24.80 g·kg−1 in topsoil) but exhibited ecosystem-specific accumulation patterns. In forests and grasslands, MAOC accumulation tended to level off within the observed SOC range (near ∼40 g·kg−1 in forests and ∼50 g·kg−1 in grasslands) when SOC contents reached a certain level, after which additional SOC gains were increasingly driven by continuous POC increases. Wetlands showed exhibited simultaneous increases of both MAOC and POC across the sampled SOC gradient, maintained by high soil water content and dissolved organic carbon conditions. Random forest models identified total nitrogen and microbial biomass as primary predictors of SOC variations. Structural equation modeling revealed distinct drivers across ecosystems: in forests, mineral protection and microbial processing dominated MAOC formation; in grasslands, climate-vegetation interactions regulated POC accumulation; while in wetlands, hydrology and dissolved organic carbon mediated both pools. Climate projections indicate that the high sensitivity of POC will dominate future SOC dynamics, while MAOC provides stabilization. Our findings demonstrate fundamentally different SOC stabilization mechanisms among alpine ecosystems and highlight the need for ecosystem-specific frameworks in predicting these vulnerable carbon stocks under

117. 题目: Changes in soil organic matter in intercropped coffee systems and their effects on soil enzymatic and microbial activity
文章编号: N25110612
期刊: Applied Soil Ecology
作者: Siro Paulo Moreira, Vanessa Maria de Souza Barros, David Gabriel Campos Pereira, Hugo Felipe da Silva, Humberto Josué de Oliveira Ramos, Eric Batista Ferreira, Teogenes Senna de Oliveira
更新时间: 2025-11-06
摘要: Although the effects of cover crops on soil are well known, there are still gaps in our understanding of how their residues influence soil enzyme and microbial activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the enzymatic activity, molecular composition of organic matter, plant litter, and microbial diversity in crops under brachiaria intercropping (CB) and mixed cover crops (CM) and compare them with an area of natural vegetation (NV). Trenches were opened and samples collected between the rows of coffee trees and in different soil layers (0.0–0.10; 0.10–0.30; 0.30–0.60 and 0.60–1.0 m). Arylsulfatase activity was lower in CB and CM than in NV, ranging from 71.5 to 90.1 mg p-nitrophenol kg−1 soil h−1. The highest β-glucosidase and acid phosphatase activities were observed in CM (76.7 mg p-nitrophenol kg−1 soil h−1) and CB (321.4 mg p-nitrophenol kg−1 soil h−1) in the surface layer (0.0–0.10 m), respectively. The molecular composition of soil organic matter and plant litter is influenced by the management system and soil depth. The greatest abundance of recalcitrant compounds, such as alkanes (14–26), lipids and lignin derivatives, occurred in the subsurface layers in CB and CM, which suggests greater potential for stabilizing soil organic matter. Microbial diversity varied between the systems, with a greater abundance of fungi, actinobacteria and bacteria. The higher fungus/bacteria ratio and the predominance of fungal biomarkers in deeper layers indicate an environment favorable to the decomposition of recalcitrant residues.

118. 题目: Mechanistic insights for DOM removal and membrane fouling mitigation: Optimizing Ferrate(VI)/AlCl₃ pretreatment and revealing the synergistic effect
文章编号: N25110611
期刊: Chemical Engineering Journal
作者: Rui Zhang, Shaoyin Peng, Zhenbei Wang, Fei Qi, Chen Li, Yatao Liu, Fan Li, Amir Ikhlaq, Jolanta Kumirska, Ewa Maria Siedlecka, Oksana Ismailova, Zukhra Kadirova
更新时间: 2025-11-06
摘要: Membrane fouling is a significant obstacle for ultrafiltration application in the water treatment field. This study investigates the synergistic effects of ferrate (Fe(VI)) oxidation and aluminum chloride (AlCl₃) coagulation on dissolved organic matter (DOM) removal and ultrafiltration membrane fouling alleviation. Four pretreatment strategies, coagulation (AlCl₃), oxidation (K₂FeO₄), coagulation followed by oxidation (CO), and oxidation followed by coagulation (OC) were compared. Results showed that the interaction between oxidation and coagulation generated more active species, including Al₁₃, Al_30, and Fe³⁺. The collaboration of these species during the coagulation-oxidation-ultrafiltration (C-O-F) process achieved the highest DOM removal (73.6 % DOC and 80 % UV₂₅₄) and the lowest total membrane fouling. Specifically, DOM with high and medium-molecular-weight components could be effectively removed. Furthermore, the CO process formed larger and looser flocs with a diameter of 1100 μm and a fractal dimension of 1.32. With better DOM removal and floc properties, a porous cake layer without gel-like structure would accumulate on the ultrafiltration membrane surface during the C-O-F process, and fewer DOM deposited in the membrane pores, leading to lower physically reversible fouling and chemically reversible fouling. These results were verified by the SEM image of the fouled membrane, and the membrane pore diameter after physiochemical cleaning could be restored to 0.0117 ± 0.0086 μm. This study innovative reveals the mechanisms of synergistic effects between AlCl₃ and K₂FeO₄, which provides new insights for the sustainable development of ultrafiltration technology.

119. 题目: Underestimated input of terrestrial dissolved organic carbon to the ocean
文章编号: N25110610
期刊: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
作者: Yuanbi Yi, Andrew J Tanentzap, Chen He, Julian Merder, Helena Osterholz, Hongyan Bao, Jeffrey A Hawkes, Ruanhong Cai, Si-Liang Li, Quan Shi, Sheng Xu, Chuanlun Zhang, Cong-Qiang Liu, Meixun Zhao, Ding He
更新时间: 2025-11-06
摘要: The contribution of terrestrial dissolved organic matter (DOM) to the ocean has been an enigma for decades. Tracking terrestrial DOM in the ocean has proven challenging due to factors such as the instability of terrestrial biomarkers, indistinguishable carbon isotopes from biogeochemical fractionation, and similar chemical composition between terrestrial and oceanic DOM. Here, we show that the terrestrial contribution to oceanic organic carbon pools is 1.7 to 2.5 times higher than previously assumed, highlighting the need to adjust global carbon cycle models. We derive these estimates by bridging high-performance liquid chromatography with ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry to investigate the presence of terrestrial molecules that are transported from rivers to the ocean and estimate their contribution to oceanic DOM. We identified 269 molecular formulae (MF) that are likely transported from land to the ocean. These formulae exhibited resistance to biological and photochemical degradation in incubation experiments, and were widely distributed in global rivers, marginal seas, and open oceans, suggesting that they are ubiquitous in inland and ocean waters and have a similar source. By relating the abundances of terrestrially derived MF to dissolved organic carbon concentrations, and radiocarbon measurements, we estimated that 16.7 to 25.0% of oceanic DOM is likely derived from rivers.

120. 题目: Design and fabrication of recoverable Fe–biochar composite synthesized through CN− sequestration from wastewater for enhanced Peroxy-bond activation
文章编号: N25110609
期刊: Separation and Purification Technology
作者: Alam Venugopal Narendra Kumar, Won Sik Shin
更新时间: 2025-11-06
摘要: Easy transformation of wastewater treatment residue into a functional catalyst is a promising yet a challenging endeavor that inspire researchers worldwide. Herein, a rational fabrication strategy was established to synthesize rice-husk biochar supported Fe₃O₄ magnetic composite (RHFe_x) from a solid residue generated during treatment of real CN⁻ contaminated wastewater. The resulting RHFe_x composite achieves 100 % of tetracycline removal in 120 min through a Fenton-like reaction. Surface characterization reveals that a porous Fe₃O₄ structure that anchored on rice husk is the active component responsible for SO₄^•– and ^•OH radical generation. Among the tested transition metal (Fe²⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Mn²⁺) ions, only Fe²⁺ and Co²⁺ demonstrated best CN⁻ removal efficiency by bringing CN⁻ concentration from 1100 μg L⁻¹ to <200 μg L⁻¹ level. Building on this, the upcycling strategy was further extended to Co²⁺, enabling the successful synthesis of zerovalent Co⁰ anchored rice husk composite (RHCo_x) using the same approach. Degradation studies of various antibiotics with RHFe_x and RHCo_x revealed TC removal is faster in both PS and PMS oxidants, while other antibiotics degrade quickly only with PMS. This innovative upcycling strategy showcases waste-derived catalyst design that promotes circular economy practices in managing CN⁻ contaminated wastewater treatment and associated solid residues.