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141. 题目: Sustained methane production enhancement by magnetic biochar and its recovery in semi-continuous anaerobic digestion with varying substrate C/N ratios
文章编号: N25042705
期刊: Chemical Engineering Journal
作者: Zhijiang Shao, Qiongbo Fan, Feifei Gao, Tong Xia, Yu Wang, Yi Liang, Xiaohui Guo, Xuanmin Yang, Yiqing Yao, Ling Qiu, Chuanwei Zhang, JiKun Xu, Pitchaimari Gnanasekar, Kang Kang, Sudip Kumar Rakshit, Pedram Fatehi, Heyu Chen
更新时间: 2025-04-27
摘要: In anaerobic digestion (AD), an imbalance of C/N ratio in the substrate may lead to accumulations of ammonia and/or acid, and cause system instability. This study introduced magnetic biochar (MB) into AD systems with various ratios of corn straw and pig manure and further investigated its effects on methane production and microbial community structure during semi-continuous AD. The results indicated that the enhancement of methane production by MB application was highly affected by the C/N ratio of substrate. Particularly, MB application alleviated acid inhibition in the carbon-rich reactor, where an increased methane production by 14.0 % was obtained. As for the nitrogen-rich reactor, MB application mitigated the ammonia accumulation and promoted volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production as well as H₂S removal. The microbial community indicated that the MB promoted methanogenesis in the carbon-rich reactor by enhancing the hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis pathway, whereas the acetoclastic methanogenesis pathway dominated the nitrogen-rich reactor. The metabolic pathway involved in VFAs synthesis and methanogenesis were enhanced due to MB addition. Additionally, recovered MB was proved to retain rich dominant microbial communities for AD system. This study could provide comprehensive insights into the application of MB in long-term AD systems and offer guidance for the stable operation of biogas plants.

142. 题目: Multi-Element Isotope Fractionation Analysis to Investigate the Photosensitized Reactions of Humic Substance with 3-Chloroaniline
文章编号: N25042704
期刊: Water Research
作者: Ning Min, Jun Yao, Hao Li, Steffen Kümmel, Thomas Schaefer, Hartmut Herrmann, Hans Herrmann Richnow
更新时间: 2025-04-27
摘要: Dissolved organic matter including humic-like substances (HS), acting as photosensitizers participating in electron transfer reactions, can generate a variety of reactive species, such as OH radicals and excited triplet state HS (³HS*) and related, which promote the degradation of organic contaminants such as 3-chloroaniline (3-CA). Multi-element-compound-specific stable isotope analysis (ME-CSIA) was applied to characterize photosensitized mechanisms employing 3-CA as a probe. HS were irradiated with artificial sunlight for elucidation of the reaction mechanisms by studying the kinetic isotope effect (²H, ¹³C, ¹⁵N and ³⁷Cl) to characterize the first irreversible bond change reaction. Unique enrichment factors (-1.0±0.3 for ¹³C, 7.4±1.7 for ²H and 2.3±0.7 for ³⁷Cl) have been detected in HS/UV experiments (OH radical and triplet state), which indicate complex reaction mechanisms. Triplet state reference experiments with the artificial photosensitizers 4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-2′,4′,5′,7′-tetraiodofluorescein in the presence O₂ (Rose Bengal-O₂) or absence of O₂ (Rose Bengal-O₂ free) yielded characteristic enrichment factors (-0.3±0.2‰ and -1.2±0.2‰ for ¹³C, 2.7±0.5‰ and 4.8±1.0‰ for ¹⁵N and 8.4±3.3‰ and 11.2±6.8‰ for ³⁷Cl), allowing interpretation of reaction mechanisms of triplet state with 3-CA. The correlation of ²H vs ¹³C, ¹⁵N vs ¹³C and ³⁷N vs ¹³C fractions could be used diagnostically to determine photosensitized reactions in the environment and to differentiate between biodegradation, hydrolysis and photosensitized HS reaction.

143. 题目: Rising Arctic seas and thawing permafrost: uncovering the carbon cycle impact in a thermokarst lagoon system in the outer Mackenzie Delta, Canada
文章编号: N25042703
期刊: Biogeosciences
作者: Maren Jenrich, Juliane Wolter, Susanne Liebner, Christian Knoblauch, Guido Grosse, Fiona Giebeler, Dustin Whalen, Jens Strauss
更新时间: 2025-04-27
摘要: . Climate warming in the Arctic is directly connected to rising sea levels and increasing erosion of permafrost coasts, leading to inland-migrating coastlines and the transformation of coastal permafrost lakes into thermokarst lagoons. These lagoons represent transitional zones between terrestrial to sub-sea permafrost environments. So far, the effect of the transition on the carbon cycle is fairly unknown. In this study, we conducted long-term anoxic incubation experiments on surface samples from thermokarst lagoons with varying degrees of sea connectivity. We also included terrestrial permafrost and the active layer as endmembers to investigate variations in carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) production within lagoon systems and along a land–sea transition transect on Reindeer Island, northeast Mackenzie Delta, Canada. Results show that CH4 production peaks at 4.6 mg CH4 g−1 C in younger, less connected lagoons with high-quality organic matter, leading to up to 18 times higher greenhouse gas (GHG) production (in CO2 equivalents) compared to open lagoons. CO2 production is higher under marine conditions (3.8–5.4 mg CO2 g−1 C) than under brackish conditions (1.7–4.3 mg CO2 g−1 C). Along a land–sea transect, CO2 production increased with increasing marine influence. These findings suggest that the landward migration of the sea, resulting in the inundation of permafrost lowlands and thermokarst lakes, may lead to increased GHG emissions from Arctic coasts in the future.

144. 题目: Sustainable transformation of antibiotic fermentation residues into a novel biochar catalyst for water purification via trace peroxymonosulfate activation
文章编号: N25042702
期刊: Separation and Purification Technology
作者: Chengzhong Ding, Qiang Gao, Xiaoying Chen
更新时间: 2025-04-27
摘要: To achieve both the sustainable valorization of antibiotic fermentation residues (AFR) and high-efficiency removal of organic pollutants with low-consumption, this study proposed the harmless transformation of AFR into a novel biochar catalyst for water purification by activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS). Herein, we introduced a novel strategy by converting untreated AFR into a Fenton-like catalyst (AFR/BC) through the controlled coordination of intrinsic Al species with boron and oxygen via an in-situ pyrolysis-solvent method. During the AFR resourcelization process, electron-rich and electron-deficient microregions were generated through directional electron transfer facilitated by B-O-Al interactions, as confirmed by characterization techniques and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. As a result, upon activation by 0.4 mM PMS, the AFR/BC/PMS system achieved over 90 % bisphenol F (BPF) removal after 80 h of continuous treatment, demonstrating sustained purification efficacy in BPF-containing wastewater. Moreover, the system exhibited remarkable resistance to interference from a broad pH range, inorganic anions, and organic compounds. Moreover, the primary degradation pathways of BPF in this system involved both a free radical pathway (SO₄-, ·OH and O₂-) and a non-radical pathway (¹O₂). This study is expected to advance the sustainable utilization of AFR and contribute to the long-term development of water purification technology.

145. 题目: Microbial Control on Dissolved Organic Matter Composition along the South-to-North Water Diversion Middle Route Project
文章编号: N25042701
期刊: ACS ES&T Water
作者: Peilian Zhang, Hanxiao Zhang, Zhanyao Shi, Weihui Huang, Jing Wang, Shouliang Huo
更新时间: 2025-04-27
摘要: Drinking water safety is vital in large-scale water transfer systems such as the South-to-North Water Diversion Middle Route Project (SNWDP-M). Dissolved organic matter (DOM) significantly affects water quality, although factors driving its compositional changes along the SNWDP-M remain insufficiently explored. This study integrated DOM spectral analyses and ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry with 16S rRNA gene sequencing to explore DOM–bacterial community (BC) interplay. Results demonstrated that the midstream section (MS) of the SNWDP-M exhibited higher protein-like content compared to the upstream section (US) and downstream section (DS), while the DS had relatively higher humic-like content. DOM molecular complexity and aromaticity increased from US to DS was observed, alongside a rise in bacterial diversity. Bipartite network analysis revealed evolving DOM-BC interactions, with generalized metabolic interactions DS, where BCs exerting a stronger influence on DOM composition downstream (RDA, R² = 0.62) compared to the US (R² = 0.29) and MS (R² = 0.24). It highlights enhanced microbial control in the DS, emphasizing the need to integrate microbial dynamics into water quality management. Taken together, this study elucidates the dynamic DOM processes along the SNWDP-M and the BC influence, providing a basis for improving water quality management in large-scale water transfer projects.

146. 题目: Recycling hydrothermal liquefaction by-products derived from biowaste as artificial humic acids to immobilize diethyl phthalate
文章编号: N25042611
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Yuxin Hou, Yu Zhang, Li Li, Xiaona Li, Changyin Zhu, Jiangang Han, Rongting Ji, Yang Song, Yinlong Zhang, Dongmei Zhou, Jianming Xue, Hu Cheng
更新时间: 2025-04-26
摘要: The hydrothermal process and washing of hydrochar produce large amounts of liquid waste, and recycling the liquid waste is a challenge currently being faced. In this study, hydrothermal liquid waste was transformed into solid-phase artificial humic acids (AHAs), which were applied to immobilize an emerging organic pollutant, diethyl phthalate (DEP). AHAs have compact block structures with abundant oxygen-containing surface functional groups, low ash content, hydrophobic structure, benzene ring structure, and some meso/macropores. Hydrothermal temperature controls the specific characteristics of AHAs. AHAs have shown considerable sorption ability for DEP. The sorption quantity can reach 3915 mg kg⁻¹ at the equilibrium concentration of 10 mg L⁻¹, which is much higher than that of natural sorbents, including soil, sediment, humin, and mineral. Pore filling, hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking and partitioning are the main mechanisms for the sorption of DEP onto AHAs. This study proposed a promising method for upcycling hydrothermal liquid waste into near-natural humic acid-like substances, which can be applied as green immobilization agents for the environmental remediation of emerging contaminants.

147. 题目: Improving in-situ spectral estimation of wetland soil organic carbon by integrating multiple optimization strategies
文章编号: N25042610
期刊: Catena
作者: Hongyi Li, Jiangtao Yang, Bifeng Hu, Yibo Geng, Qian Zhu, Yongsheng Hong, Yi Lin, Jie Peng, Wenjun Ji, Songchao Chen, Zhou Shi
更新时间: 2025-04-26
摘要: Carbon in wetlands is a critical component of the terrestrial carbon pool in the global carbon cycle. Accurate quantification of wetland soil organic carbon (SOC) is essential for sustainable wetland management and climate change mitigation. However, this effort is often hampered by the inaccessibility of wetlands and high economic and labor costs associated with data acquisition. The advent of visible and near–infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy offers a time- and cost-effective method for monitoring SOC content. Considerable efforts have been directed toward estimating wetland SOC using Vis-NIR spectroscopy. However, great differences were reported for the performance of different predictive strategies, which pose confusion in the choice of methods when using Vis-NIR spectroscopy to estimate SOC. Therefore, this study aims to improve the in-situ spectral estimation accuracy of wetland SOC by testing and evaluating 240 optimization strategies which integrate different pre-treatment technologies, moisture removal algorithms, spectral feature selection methods. Our findings indicate that the optimal strategy involved the combination of first-order derivative (1stD), external parameter orthogonalization (EPO), modified greedy feature selection (MFGS), and one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN), yielding R2, RPD, RMSE values of 0.94, 4.15, and 1.09 g/kg, respectively. For pre-treatment technologies, 1stD outperformed Savitzky-Golay (SG) and log(1/reflectance) (Log(1/R)). EPO emerged as the optimal moisture removal algorithm, effectively reducing the interference of moisture and other environmental factors. Among spectral feature selection methods, the competitive adaptive reweighting algorithm (CARS) outperformed Boruta, MFGS, and interval random frog (IRF). In terms of prediction models, the 1D-CNN model significantly outperformed partial least squares regression (PLSR) and random forest (RF), with markedly higher accuracy (averaged R2 = 0.83, RPD = 2.74, RMSE = 1.76 g/kg). Findings from this research could guide future studies in selecting the optimization strategies to more accurately estimate wetland SOC via Vis-NIR spectroscopy.

148. 题目: Understanding the mechanisms of hydrolytic enzyme mediated organic matter decomposition under different land covers within a subtropical preserve
文章编号: N25042609
期刊: Frontiers in Environmental Science
作者: Suraj Melkani, Noel Manirakiza, Abul Rabbany, Natalia Medina-Irizarry, Samuel Smidt, Anna Braswell, Willm Martens-Habbena, Jehangir H Bhadha
更新时间: 2025-04-26
摘要: Soil Organic Matter (SOM) decomposition, vital to the carbon cycle, is influenced by land cover, hydrological conditions, and soil properties. However, understanding of how hydrolytic enzymes involved in SOM turnover vary under these factors remains limited. To address this, a study was conducted in a sub-tropical preserve in South Florida to assess hydrolytic enzyme activities across 23 diverse land covers (Categorized into five ecosystems: A-Upland Forests, B-Wetland ecosystems, C-Shrub ecosystems, D-Range Areas, and E-Barren ecosystems) during wet and dry seasons. The assessed enzymes were β-1,4 glucosidase (βG), β-1,4-N-acetyl glucosaminidase (β-NAG), Acid Phosphatase (AP), and Aryl Sulfatase (AS). A weighted index termed the Hydrolytic Enzyme Decomposition Indicator (HEDI) was derived using principal component analysis to summarize overall enzymatic activity as an indicator of decomposition. The results showed that among the land covers, βG, β-NAG, AP, and AS activities during the dry season ranged from 18.40 to 327.20, 14.71–351.90, 302.89–10,185.80, and 26.51–1,745.75 μg PNP/g soil/hr, respectively, while in the wet season, the activities for all enzymes except AS were higher, ranging from 4.08 to 398.66, 21.72–1,118.97, 372.38–11,960.36, and 28.26–1,475.09 μg PNP/g soil/hr. Among ecosystems, βG and β-NAG showed seasonal variability, with β-NAG consistently higher in A-Upland Forests, B-Range Areas, and C-Shrub. AP and AS showed minimal variation, with all enzymes showing lower activity in D-Barren ecosystems. HEDI values in the dry season A-Upland Forests exhibited the widest range (−0.962–1.613), indicating diverse decomposition rates, while Barren ecosystems showed consistently low activity (−0.928 to −0.916), suggesting lower decomposition. Correlation analysis revealed positive relationships between enzymatic activities and soil properties such as SOM (0.51–0.59), active carbon (0.46–0.58), soil protein (0.27–0.40), and cation exchange capacity (0.28–0.40), while bulk density showed negative correlations (−0.31 to −0.50). Overall, this study highlights the necessity of considering the complex interactions between soil properties, vegetation, moisture, and enzymatic activity in understanding SOM decomposition.

149. 题目: Effects of glomalin-related soil protein on soil selenium availability in farmland: a non-negligible component of organic matter
文章编号: N25042608
期刊: Journal of Hazardous Materials
作者: Yuanzhe Ma, Chuangye Zhang, Jing Yang, Shangyan Hao, Jun Cai, Xiangyao Wu, Hanzhong Jia, Fuyong Wu
更新时间: 2025-04-26
摘要: The selenium (Se) soil environmental behaviour directly regulates the Se enrichment effect of crops and the risk of Se ecotoxicity and is critically influenced by soil organic matter fractions. Recent studies have shown that glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) plays an important role in regulating heavy metal transport transformation. However, there is still a lack of systematic knowledge of the effects of GRSP on the Se environmental behaviour in soil, which is a knowledge gap that might hinder the efficient and safe utilization of Se resources in farmland. This study combined field sampling across Se-rich and Se-toxicity farmlands with laboratory adsorption experiments to investigate the effects of GRSP on the soil Se availability. Field sampling revealed the impact of GRSP on soil Se availability in farmland cannot be ignored. Adsorption of Se by GRSP significant reduced soil Se availability in Se-rich farmland, but had a significant promoting effect in Se-toxicity farmland. This was related to the differential Se adsorption modes due to the adsorption saturation. Hydrogen bonding and ion exchange were the primary and secondary modes of Se adsorption by GRSP, respectively, demonstrated by laboratory results. The adsorption process of Se by GRSP started with Se reduction caused by carbonylation of hydroxyl groups on the surface. The Se adsorption was finally completed by abundant carbonyl and hydroxyl groups on GRSP surface through ion exchange generation and hydrogen bonding, respectively. This enhances our understanding of how organic matter, particularly GRSP, affects the environmental risk associated with Se in soil.

150. 题目: Amino-functionalized biochar enhanced Cd passivation in acidic, neutral and alkaline soils: effect and mechanism
文章编号: N25042607
期刊: Journal of Soils and Sediments
作者: Ling Jiang, Siyi Zhang, Samuel S K Gbon, Zhen Wu, Xiaoqiong Yue, Jingyue An
更新时间: 2025-04-26
摘要:

Purpose

Developing an environmentally benign and cost-effective passivator for in-situ remediation of Cd-contaminated soil remains a global challenge. This study aimed to synthesize a novel passivator and apply it to three soils with different pH to investigate its passivation effect and mechanism on Cd-contaminated soil.

Materials and methods

Herein, a novel alkali/APTES-modified biochar (AP@BC) was synthesized by a cross-coupling reaction with γ-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) loaded on the surface of maize stalk-based biochar. Characterization and batch experiments were conducted to investigate the adsorption performance and mechanisms of AP@BC for Cd²⁺. Pot experiments were carried out to assess the impact of AP@BC on soil pH, bioavailable Cd (DTPA-Cd) and ryegrass biomass in acidic (AL), neutral (NH), and alkaline (BH) agricultural soils.

Results and discussion

The maximum adsorption capacity of AP@BC toward Cd²⁺ was 78.57 mg/g, which increased by 123.5% compared with pristine biochar. The Freundlich and Temkin equations satisfactorily fit the adsorption isotherm experimental data. Pot experiments revealed that the addition of AP@BC from 0.5 to 3% increased the pH of acidic and neutral soils while decreasing the pH of alkaline soils. Notably, the 3% treatment significantly reduced the DTPA-Cd contents in acidic, neutral, and alkaline soil by 8.00%, 22.45%, and 13.65%, respectively, compared to the control. And, ryegrass biomass increased most significantly in high-Cd-content soils (1.5–4.83 times for roots and 2.01–3.88 times for shoots). On the other hand, bioaccumulation and translocation coefficients decreased most in acidic soil (6.02-29.38% and 10.10-30.70%) compared to the control.

Conclusions

The introduction of -NH₂ to the surface of the biochar made it much better at adsorption ability. AP@BC reduced the Cd availability in three contaminated soils and most significantly in the acidic soil. It increased ryegrass roots and shoots biomass in high-Cd-content soil. The above results indicate that AP@BC is a promising passivator for the remediation of practical Cd-contaminated agriculture soil.

151. 题目: Sorptive removal of neonicotinoid pesticides by nanobiochars: Efficiency, kinetics, and reusability
文章编号: N25042606
期刊: Journal of Hazardous Materials
作者: Islam M Radwan, Chongyang Wang, Jae-Hong Kim, Haoran Wei, Dengjun Wang
更新时间: 2025-04-26
摘要: The widespread use of neonicotinoid (NEO) pesticides has raised significant environmental concerns due to their toxicity. We investigated the performance of 16 nanobiochars (NBCs), including NBC produced by Douglas fir at 900 °C (Doug 900 NBC), as sustainable sorbents for removing three common NEOs from aqueous solutions: imidacloprid, clothianidin, and thiamethoxam. The NBCs showed high sorption efficiency (∼ 100 %) and fast sorption kinetics (< 0.5 h) for three NEOs at environmentally relevant concentrations (100 ng/L). The sorption efficiency of NEOs was determined by the physicochemical properties of NBCs, including specific surface area (SSA), pore volume (PV), pore diameter (PD), and elemental composition (carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen contents). The NBCs with higher SSA and larger PV offered more abundant sorption sites, facilitating fast NEO sorption. Particularly, the Doug 900 NBC achieved ∼ 100 % removal efficiency of NEOs within 0.5 h under simulated groundwater conditions (67.5 mg/L of total dissolved solids and 10 mg/L of humic acid). The Doug 900 NBC also maintained high removal efficiency over four continuous reuse cycles. The structural equation modeling revealed that pyrolysis temperature indirectly affects NEO sorption by modifying NBC’s properties of SSA, PV, and PD. Our findings highlight the high potential of NBCs for sustainable removal of NEO pesticides in aquatic environments at environmentally relevant concentrations.

152. 题目: Surface SO4·- enhanced synergistic oxidation-solidification of high organic soil-like material from landfills
文章编号: N25042605
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Shuang Li, Shiyu Cao, Wei Zhang, Jiangshan Li
更新时间: 2025-04-26
摘要: The soil foundation construction utilization of high organic soil-like material (SLM) from landfills is difficult to meet both low organic matter content and engineering performance requirements. In this study, a synergistic oxidation-solidification system was constructed by adding Ca(OH)₂-activated persulfate (Ca(OH)₂-PS) and commonly used sulfoaluminate cement (SAC). When separately applied into SLM, the SAC only slightly decreased the organic matter through neutralization and precipitation, and the traditional Ca(OH)₂-PS only degraded the lignins/CRAM through solution SO₄·^- and ·OH radicals. Surprisingly, SAC significantly increased the surface –OH of SLM, which could chemically adsorb SO₄·^- released by Ca(OH)₂-PS. This surface SO₄·^- exhibited better oxidizing ability than solution radicals and could degrade both lignins/CRAM and proteins/aliphatic molecules. Meanwhile, moderate Ca(OH)₂-PS promoted needle-like ettringite formation by releasing SO₄^2-, thus improving the strength of the solidified SLM. Thanks to the synergistic oxidation-solidification, 15% SAC, 0.14% Ca(OH)₂ and 1% persulfate into SLM decreased organic matter from 10.9% to 4.8% and enhanced soil strength to 3.2 MPa, both of which meet the soil foundation construction acceptance standards (GB 50202-2018). This study provides a viable pathway for the resourceful utilization of high organic SLM and contributes to the advancement of landfill mining and reclamation efforts.

153. 题目: Photodegradation Mechanism of UV-328 in Natural Organic Matter Contexts Under Simulated Solar Irradiation
文章编号: N25042604
期刊: Environmental Science & Technology
作者: Ming-Liang Zhao, Xuan Ji, Jing Zhang, Zhen He, Junhui Chen, Gui-Peng Yang, Chun-Ying Liu, Guang-Chao Zhuang
更新时间: 2025-04-26
摘要: 2-(Benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-bis(2-methylbutan-2-yl)phenol (UV-328), a widely utilized UV absorber in plastics and diverse products, has been frequently detected in the environment; yet, research on its photochemical degradation is scarce. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) and particulate organic matter (POM), as important components of natural organic matter, can produce photosensitization by absorbing photons. This study examined the influence of DOM from various sources on the photodegradation of UV-328 under simulated daylight conditions. Experiments revealed that excited triplet DOM (³DOM*) is the primary factor enhancing the photodegradation of UV-328. Utilizing excitation–emission matrix spectroscopy combined with parallel factor analysis (EEMs-PARAFAC) and seawater ultrafiltration experiments, it was demonstrated that high molecular weight DOM, particularly autochthonous DOM produced in seawater, could more rapidly photodegrade UV-328. Additionally, the photodegradation of UV-328 in suspended particulate matter (SPM) was influenced by DOM, inorganic ions, and organic acids, with DOM contributing to a positive feedback effect on the degradation process. The degradation pathways and products of UV-328 were first elucidated using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS), supplemented by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This study provides novel insights into the photodegradation mechanisms of UV-328 by combining DOM and POM for the first time.

154. 题目: Organo-metal coprecipitation contributes to stable organic carbon fraction in mangrove soil
文章编号: N25042602
期刊: Catena
作者: Kota Hamada, Nada Yimatsa, Toshiyuki Ohtsuka, Nobuhide Fujitake, Toshihiro Miyajima, Yusuke Yokoyama, Yosuke Miyairi, Morimaru Kida
更新时间: 2025-04-26
摘要: Prediction of the impact of anthropogenic disturbances and global change on Organic Carbon (OC) pools in mangrove soils requires a detailed understanding of the mechanisms underlying OC stabilization. Using density fractionation to physically separate OC fractions with varying degrees of mineral association and protection, this study aimed to assess distributions of these fractions and the geochemical factors influencing the most dominant and refractory mineral-associated, High-density Fraction (HF). We conducted forest-wide soil sampling in the Gaburumata mangrove forest on Ishigaki Island, Japan, along three transects (upstream, midstream, downstream) and at five depths (until 100 cm). The OC in HF (OCHF) was the oldest (median Δ14C value of −13.81 ‰) and contributed most significantly to bulk soil OC (43 %-63 %) and total nitrogen (64 %-85 %). Among the extractable metals analyzed (aluminum [Al], iron [Fe], calcium [Ca], and magnesium [Mg]) with different crystallinity, only organically complexed Al and Fe showed strong positive correlations with OCHF. Together with high OCHF:Fe ratios that surpassed the maximum sorptive capacity of Fe oxides, these results indicate that co-precipitation of OC and Fe was the dominant mode of organo-mineral associations. The low clay content reduced the importance of Ca and Mg on OCHF, as these divalent cations typically facilitate OC stabilization through cation bridging between negatively charged clay surfaces and organic matter. Furthermore, the Δ14C–OC relationship suggested efficient incorporation of mangrove-derived modern C into HF, in addition to the pre-existing old C. Thus, mangrove expansion may enhance stable soil OC pools as well as increase plant biomass and litter. Overall, this study proposes a biogeochemical mechanism for how stable mangrove OC is newly formed, as well as maintained, with ramifications for global mangrove expansion and plantation efforts.

155. 题目: Air heating-alkaline hydrothermal production of artificial humic acid: Rapid and efficient humification of waste biomass
文章编号: N25042601
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Bo Yang, Jiliang Zheng, Yiwei Sun, Xinyu Chen, Xiuling Yan, Bekchanov Davronbek, Jinxiong Wu, Patrycja Boguta, Lijuan Zhang, Junli Ren, Xintai Su
更新时间: 2025-04-26
摘要: Natural humic acid (NHA) is formed by plant remains through a long geochemical and biochemical processes and is essential for soil fertility. However, the long natural formation process and the inadequacy of artificial humification methods limit its wide application. In this study, artificial humic acid (AHA) is efficiently prepared from cypress sawdust by a simple air heating-alkaline hydrothermal process. Multiple characterisation analyses reveal the reasons for the increased humification potential of sawdust after air heating and suggest possible reaction mechanisms. The results show that the yield of AHA after air heating at 240 °C and hydrothermal reaction is as high as 37.01%, which is higher than the yields reported in similar literature. Compared with commercial mineral potassium humate, the artificial potassium humate shows superior root growth promotion in wheat hydroponics experiments. This study provides a circular sustainable development pathway that biomass derived from the soil and returns to the soil after humification.

156. 题目: The Biochar Pretreatment Addition Coupled with Codigestion for Facilitating Methane Production from Anaerobic Digestion: Performance and Mechanisms
文章编号: N25042505
期刊: ACS ES&T Water
作者: Tingting Zhu, Zhiwen Wang, Jiazeng Ding, Yan Gong, Jiaxing Huang, Yufen Wang, Yiwen Liu
更新时间: 2025-04-25
摘要: A new technology using biochar pretreatment coupled with codigestion (BPC) to increase methane production of waste-activated sludge (WAS) in anaerobic digestion (AD) was introduced in this study. The findings indicated that BPC dramatically increased methane production with a maximum cumulative methane production of 74.34 L CH₄/kg VS at 2.0 g biochar/g VS pretreatment, which increased by 57.6% compared to the control. Model fitting analysis revealed that BPC significantly promoted both the reaction rate and the biochemical methane potential (BMP). In the pretreatment process, the high alkalinity and stable pH buffer ability of biochar further enhance the release of organics, facilitating subsequent methanogenic fermentation. In the AD process, oxygen-containing functional groups such as C═O and C–OH, related to redox properties, play an essential role in augmenting methane generation. This might be attributed to the biochar improving the direct interspecies electron transfer from methanogenic bacteria through conductive material. Microbial community analysis demonstrated that the functional microorganisms that participated in the AD process were enriched from 28.16% in the control to 35.15 and 35.45% in traditional biochar addition and BPC group, respectively. It will be clear for the application of BPC technology to enhance methane yield.

157. 题目: The livestock and poultry farming impact on antibiotic pollution in China and the potential of nitrogen-doped biochar for remediation.
文章编号: N25042504
期刊: Journal of Environmental Management
作者: Siqi Zeng, Yu He, Xiuqing Li, Yuan Li, Hailong Tian, Renpeng Yin, Qinghuan Zhang, Dayang Yu
更新时间: 2025-04-25
摘要: As one of the largest global producers and consumers of antibiotics, China's annual antibiotic production reached 223,000 tons in 2022 and continues to rise. The extensive use of antibiotics has led to severe antibiotic residues and environmental pollution, with 52 % of antibiotic residues in the environment originating from the livestock and poultry farming industry. Biochar has been widely applied in the removal of antibiotics, including active biochar, modified biochar, and heteroatom-doped biochar. Among these, nitrogen-doped biochar shows promising application prospects in antibiotic removal due to its well-developed pore structure and excellent catalytic performance. Nitrogen-rich biomass can be directly pyrolyzed to produce self-doped biochar without external nitrogen sources, and selecting suitable raw materials is key to the widespread application of nitrogen-doped biochar in removing antibiotics from natural environments. This review examines the impact of livestock and poultry farming wastewater on antibiotic pollution in China, explores the current status of using different types of biochar for antibiotic removal, summarizes the nitrogen content in nitrogen-doped biochar and its application prospects in antibiotic pollution control, and provides references for the selection of raw materials in the preparation of self-doped nitrogen biochar. This study offers valuable insights for the application of nitrogen-doped biochar in antibiotic pollution removal in China.

158. 题目: Built-in electric field of Ag2Se thermoelectric effect activated persulfate for humic acid decomposition in water: Molecular transformation mechanism
文章编号: N25042503
期刊: Water Research
作者: Qiuling Ma, Xiangqian Tan, Miao Fang, Zhiyuan Ning, He Guo, Guodong Zhang, Jian Zhou, Tiecheng Wang
更新时间: 2025-04-25
摘要: Water temperature fluctuations directly impact pollutant decomposition processes in wastewater. Thermoelectric effect is considered an alternative to utilize these temperature variations for pollution control. In this study, a system for persulfate (PS) activation by Ag₂Se thermoelectric catalyst under water temperature gradients (Ag₂Se/ΔT/PS) was developed for humic acid (HA) degradation in water. The experimental results showed that the Ag₂Se/ΔT/PS system achieved a 90.7% HA removal efficiency, outperforming both PS/ΔT (PS with temperature gradients) and Ag₂Se/ΔT systems. Thermoelectric simulations indicated that Ag₂Se generated an electric field under temperature variations, with higher current density at surface pores where polarized charges efficiently activated PS. Density functional theory calculations revealed that the thermoelectric effect of Ag₂Se lowered the energy barriers for PS activation and ·SO₄⁻ generation. Different from ·OH-led decomposition of HA in the Ag₂Se/ΔT system, ·SO₄⁻ and ·OH dominated HA decomposition in the Ag₂Se/ΔT/PS system, and ¹O₂ also contributed this process. Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) revealed that oxidation, decarboxylation, and sulfidation were the primary pathways driving HA degradation, leading to decreases in CHO-containing compounds and formation of S-rich byproducts. These findings highlighted the potential of thermoelectric catalysts in advancing water treatment technologies.

159. 题目: Sources and Dynamics of Dissolved Organic Carbon in Kongsfjorden: Insights From Radiocarbon Analysis
文章编号: N25042502
期刊: Geophysical Research Letters
作者: Sunmin Oh, Ling Fang, Jeonghyun Kim, Eun Jin Yang, Jeomshik Hwang, Minkyoung Kim
更新时间: 2025-04-25
摘要: The Arctic is undergoing rapid warming, resulting in accelerating glacier melt and release of nutrients, particles, and organic matter into coastal fjord systems. Kongsfjorden, a fjord in Svalbard, serves as a natural laboratory for investigating climate-driven shifts in high-latitude fjord ecosystems and their broader implications for the Arctic. To examine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) sources and cycling in Kongsfjorden, we collected samples of seawater, floating ice, and river water in June 2023 and analyzed ¹⁴C and ¹³C in DOC. Radiocarbon values of DOC (as in Δ¹⁴C) in fjord seawater ranged from −302‰ to −253‰, while values in the Bayelva River were higher, suggesting a contribution of younger, terrigenous DOC. However, stable carbon isotope results suggested rapid removal of riverine DOC after entering the fjord. Additionally, differences in Δ¹⁴C values between the inner and outer fjord reflected varying contributions from surface primary production and glacial meltwater inputs.

160. 题目: Assembly of Low-Dose Nonionic Surfactant Hydrophobic Functional Groups with Extracellular Polymeric Substances to Destabilize Waste-Activated Sludge and Improve Biomass Energy Recovery
文章编号: N25042501
期刊: Environmental Science & Technology
作者: Qi Song, Yu Hua, Shuxian Chen, Xiaoguang Liu, Xiaohu Dai
更新时间: 2025-04-25
摘要: To destabilize the microstructure resulting from microorganism physiology and substance combination in waste-activated sludge (WAS), this study proposes a novel approach by employing nonionic surfactants for pretreatment with a specific focus on alkyl polyglucosides (APG). Inspired by the enhanced dispersibility and targeted hydrophobic interactions of surfactants at low doses, this approach strategically applies APG pretreatment at 0.05 and 0.10 g/g TS, which boosted biogas production by 49.7 and 62.9%, respectively, compared to the control group. The analysis showed that the assembly of APG hydrophobic functional groups with hydrophobic functional groups in EPS enhanced the surface free energy of sludge particles and led to the evacuation of TB-EPS. Microbial diversity analysis reveals shifts in bacteria and archaea in response to APG pretreatment, significant as bacteria Azonexus, Syntrophomonas, Lutispora, and archaea Methanosarcina emerge as new dominant genera. When adding a low dose of APG (<0.10 g/g TS), the destabilization of sludge microstructure (weakening nonfunctional binding between sludge particles and biological enzymes) led to a significant increase in the freedom and activity of enzymes involved in methane metabolism pathways. This study can provide valuable insights for surface interface regulation and efficient biomass energy recovery of complex organic waste.