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161. 题目: Comparative study on the adsorption performance of CO2 and Hg in flue gas using corn straw and pine biochar modified by KOH
文章编号: N24112506
期刊: Separation and Purification Technology
作者: Tianle Zhang, Zhuo Xiong, Yongchun Zhao, Junying Zhang
更新时间: 2024-11-25
摘要: This study presents a comparative analysis of the adsorption performance of KOH-modified biochar derived from corn straw and pine for CO₂ and Hg capture from coal-fired flue gas. The results indicate that the increase in KOH-activation temperature could significantly enhance the specific surface area. Pine biochar (PACs) activated at 800 °C exhibited the highest CO₂ adsorption capacity, reaching 3.79 mmol/g at 25 °C. As well as, for corn straw biochar (CACs), the activation temperature of 700 °C is the optimal condition. The isosteric heat of adsorption for PACs and CACs is less than 40 kJ/mol and the R² of the pseudo-first-order kinetic model exceeds 0.9, demonstrating that the CO₂ adsorption of biochar mainly relies on physisorption. The main factor affecting the CO₂ adsorption performance is the micropore capacity (<10 Å). CO₂ capture positively correlates with carbon content and graphitization degree but negatively correlates with total pore volume and specific surface area. In addition, PACs and CACs present better CO₂ adsorption performance after 10 cycles. PAC-800 can achieve CO₂ desorption at lower temperatures and has higher selectivity for CO₂, compared with CAC-700. CO₂ can enhance the mercury removal efficiency of biochar to a certain extent. However, the maximum on-line mercury removal efficiency of both pine and corn straw biochar is less than 80 % under CO₂ capture conditions, indicating that it is necessary to improve Hg capture performance by constructing higher-affinity sites on the surface of the biochar.

162. 题目: Insights into the photoaging behavior of biodegradable and nondegradable microplastics: spectroscopic and molecular characteristics of dissolved organic matter release
文章编号: N24112505
期刊: Journal of Hazardous Materials
作者: Xiaoyang Wu, Yifan Liu, Yaofeng Jin, Yue Wang, Mengjie Yuan, Kunyu He, Xiaoyan Zhang, Qin Chen, Zhijing Xue, Rui Wang, Xiaoyun Li
更新时间: 2024-11-25
摘要: Biodegradable plastics are increasingly used as a potential alternative to nondegradable plastics to tackle plastic pollution. However, recent studies have raised concerns about the ecological risks posed by biodegradable microplastics (MPs), which mainly focused on the risks generated by MPs themselves, neglecting the risks associated with the MPs derived dissolved organic matter (DOM). Therefore, this study selected polylactic acid (PLA) MPs with 50 μm particle size and polystyrene (PS) MPs with 50 μm and 500 nm particle sizes as representatives of biodegradable and nondegradable MPs, respectively, to comparative investigate their photoaging behavior, particularly the differences in DOM release. The results showed that both PLA-MPs and PS-MPs exhibited considerable photoaging under ultraviolet irradiation, accompanied by different color changes (PS turned yellow and PLA turned grayish brown), which were attributed to the different functional groups produced on their surfaces after photoaging (PS-MPs: C=O, PLA-MPs: terminal –COOH). Additionally, excitation-emission matrix characterization combined with parallel factor analysis revealed that 50 μm PLA-MPs (16%–23%) released more protein-like low molecular weight DOM during photoaging than that of both 50 μm PS-MPs (7%–13%) and 500 nm PS-MPs (8%–18%). Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) further confirmed that PLA-MPs (41.4%) produced more unstable DOM easily utilized by microorganisms than that of 50 μm PS-MPs (6.3%) and 500 nm PS-MPs (7.9%). These results together suggested that biodegradable MPs with small particle size derived DOM may have a greater impact on microbial activity and carbon cycle than that of nondegradable MPs.

163. 题目: Simultaneous elimination of sulfamethoxazole, antibiotic-resistant bacteria and resistance genes by MgFe2O4/MgO modified biochar activated peroxymonosulfate: Performance, mechanism and application potential
文章编号: N24112504
期刊: Chemical Engineering Journal
作者: Guanlu Wang, Zhenhua Sun, Yiyang Liu, Xi Chen, Changchun Yan, Xuejiang Wang
更新时间: 2024-11-25
摘要: The extensive utilization of antibiotics has resulted in an escalation of antibiotic resistance (AR), which represents a significant threat to human health. In this study, a MgFe₂O₄/MgO modified biochar (MMFBC) activated peroxymonosulfate oxidation system (MMFBC/PMS) was constructed to eliminate sulfamethoxazole (SMX), antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) simultaneously. Experimental results demonstrated that the oxidation system was capable of fully inactivating E. coli DH5α within 30 min, and the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) frequency of sulfonamides ARG (sul1) decreased to its lowest level within just 2 min ([MMFBC] = 0.4 g/L, [PMS] = 1.0 mM, initial E. coli DH5α concentration: ∼ 10⁸ CFU/mL). Meanwhile, the MMFBC/PMS could achieve synchronous removal of SMX within 30 min ([SMX] = 20 mg/L). Singlet oxygen (¹O₂) was the primary reactive oxygen species (ROS) involved in the disinfection process. From the perspective of time evolution, the mechanism underlying the simultaneous elimination of ARB and ARGs was analyzed. It was found that proteins were preferentially damaged, and the combined effects of intracellular ROS and cell rupture result in bacterial death. Subsequently, the leakage of cellular contents led to the degradation of ARGs by ¹O₂. Furthermore, the system was implemented to treat actual livestock wastewater to assess its potential application. The metagenomic analysis revealed that MMFBC/PMS treatment effectively achieved disinfection and led to a significant reduction in the relative abundance of the HGT-related functional genes and ARGs. Overall, this work provides a practical approach to controlling AR and offers new insights for improving disinfection efficiency.

164. 题目: Spectral Fingerprints of DOM-Tungsten Interactions: Linking Molecular Binding to Conformational Changes
文章编号: N24112503
期刊: Journal of Hazardous Materials
作者: Weijun Li, Guobin Liu, Ming Lei, Yaoyu Zhou, Haojie Cui, Huihui Du
更新时间: 2024-11-25
摘要: Tungsten (W), a widely used yet understudied emerging contaminant, forms oxyanions in aqueous environments, distinguishing it from conventional heavy metals. While dissolved organic matter (DOM) demonstrates considerable potential for W binding, DOM-W interactions remain largely unexplored. Of particular significance, yet frequently overlooked, are the conformational changes in DOM during W binding processes. This study proposes a novel theoretical framework integrating superposition and charge transfer models to elucidate the complexity of these interactions. By combining spectroscopic techniques and photophysical models, we revealed that aromatic compounds containing 1–3 rings, especially monocyclic aromatic protein-like components, exhibit high affinity for W (logK=3.74–4.00). Phenolic hydroxyls served as primary binding sites for W, with aromatic rings facilitating binding through π interactions. Importantly, W binding to aromatic compounds induced conformational changes in DOM, transitioning from a loosely aggregated state to a more compact configuration. These changes facilitated W encapsulation within DOM through the synergistic effects of hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen/π-hydrogen bonding and π-stacking, potentially leading to stable trapping of W. Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy analysis elucidated the sequential encapsulation process, involving phenolic, aromatic carboxylic/aliphatic carboxylic, polysaccharides, and aliphatics. The intricate behavior of DOM-W binding profoundly reshapes DOM's conformation, subtly yet significantly orchestrating W's binding affinity, environmental transport, and bioavailability in aquatic ecosystems.

165. 题目: Fertilising properties of materials based on opoka and waste concrete after sorption of humic substances from raw reject water
文章编号: N24112502
期刊: Chemosphere
作者: Jolanta Turek-Szytow, Justyna Michalska, Agnieszka Dudło, Paweł Krzemiński, Anne Luise Ribeiro, Joanna Surmacz-Górska
更新时间: 2024-11-25
摘要: The treatment and reuse of wastewater in a strategic approach to mitigate water scarcity and its declining quality. Natural organic matter, particularly humic substances (HS) from decomposed plant and animal material, often determined the quality of treated wastewater. This study integrates HS recovery into conventional wastewater treatment, aligning with global trends towards carbon capture and storage. The efficacy of opoka (OP) and waste autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) to sorb HS from the real reject water (RW) was evaluated. The analysis showed that fulvic acids comprised 89% of the organic matter in RW. OP and AAC demonstrated HS sorption capacities of 200 mg g⁻¹. The metal concentrations in the post-sorbents remained within the regulatory limits set for fertilizers by Polish and EU standards. The materials were further tested for phytoactivity in hydroponic systems at different doses (0.05–25 g L⁻¹).A more balanced ratio of ionic forms in the post-sorbents resulted in lower conductivity, improving their chemical stability and phytoactivity. Phytotoxicity studies indicated a that a concentration range of post-sorbents from 0.1 to 2.5 g L⁻¹ was optimal for promoting the growth of most of the tested plants.This research highlights the potential of using post-sorbents as fertilizers, advancing sustainability by recovering HS from RW and supporting a circular economy approach.

166. 题目: Grassland Degradation-induced Soil Organic Carbon Loss Associated with Micro-food Web Simplification
文章编号: N24112501
期刊: Soil Biology and Biochemistry
作者: Yang Hu, Tianle Kou, Mengfei Cong, Yuanbin Jia, Han Yan, Xingyun Huang, Zailei Yang, Shaoshan An, Hongtao Jia
更新时间: 2024-11-25
摘要: Soil micro-food webs play a vital role in sustaining soil carbon cycling and stocks through the activities and interactions of individual organisms. However, grassland degradation disrupts these micro-food webs and is expected to reduce soil carbon stocks. This hypothesis was tested along degradation transects that were established in alpine meadows and steppes in arid regions, examining how multitrophic organisms and microbial metabolic efficiency respond to grassland degradation and how these responses relate to soil organic carbon (SOC). Grassland degradation reduced microbial necromass accumulation coefficient (the ratio of microbial necromass carbon to microbial biomass carbon) and increased microbial metabolic quotient (the ratio of soil respiration rate to microbial biomass carbon), indicating that microbes may prioritize SOC decomposition for resource acquisition over growth and necromass accumulation. Degradation led to increased bacterial and fungal diversity, reduced protist and nematode diversity, and simplified the structure of micro-food web (network complexity). Overall, grassland degradation reduced microbial metabolic efficiency, linked to reduced plant biomass, lower soil clay content, and a simplified micro-food web—particularly weakening interactions among microbes, microbivores, and predators—which is associated with SOC loss in degraded grasslands. These findings indicate the necessity of maintaining micro-food web structures to promote soil carbon sequestration in degraded grasslands.

167. 题目: Deciphering source, degradation status and temporal trends of organic matter in a himalayan freshwater lake using multiproxy indicators, optically stimulated luminescence dating and time series forecasting
文章编号: N24112321
期刊: Science of the Total Environment
作者: Shahnawaz Hassan, Bikram Singh Bali, Wani Muneer, Sheikh Nawaz Ali, P Morthekai, Abid Hussain Wani, , Bashir Ahmad Ganai
更新时间: 2024-11-23
摘要: The present study assessed source, degradation status, and temporal trends of organic matter up to ∼3700 years Before Present (BP) in Dal Lake sediment cores using multiproxy indicators, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating, and time series forecasting. Bulk organic parameters such as total organic carbon and total nitrogen indicated their increasing trend in upper sediment layers from ∼476 to ∼73 years BP. Similarly, the C/N ratio revealed varying sources of organic matter with values ranging from 2.26 to 13.05, depicting an increasing trend up to ∼1811 years BP and decreasing significantly from ∼2002 years BP. Amino acid and hexosamine concentrations decreased with depth, dominated by aspartic acid, glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, glucosamine, and galactosamine in recent sediments (∼73 years BP) of the lake. The positive degradation index (DI) confirmed fresh organic matter in top sediment layers (∼396 years BP) of the lake, showing a strong positive correlation with reactivity index (RI) and total organic carbon. However, a negative correlation was observed between DI and RI with Ox/Anox index. Furthermore, the Gluam/Galam, Asp/β-Ala and Glu/γ-Aba ratios revealed enhanced organic matter degradation with age, indicating prokaryotic origins, microbial activity changes, and redox conditions within the lake. Multivariate analysis revealed increasing autochthonous and allochthonous inputs, domestic effluent discharges, agricultural runoff, redox conditions, and microbial processes as the possible contributing factors affecting the dispersal pattern of amino acids and nutrients in Dal Lake. Time series forecasting using the ARIMA model effectively confirmed the future temporal dynamics of amino acids, and organic parameters, indicating potential ecological shifts and external influences affecting the degradation of organic matter in Dal Lake. This work provides novel insights into the diagenetic alterations and biogeochemical processes essential for understanding the organic matter cycling and guiding the conservation efforts for Dal Lake and beyond.

168. 题目: Mechanistic insights into adsorption-desorption of PFOA on biochars: Effects of biomass feedstock and pyrolysis temperature, and implication of desorption hysteresis
文章编号: N24112320
期刊: Science of the Total Environment
作者: Tongshuai Wang, Jingqi Wu, Tao Hu, Congcong Wang, Shijia Li, Zhixiong Li, Jiawei Chen
更新时间: 2024-11-23
摘要: Adsorptive removal of the emerging organic pollutant perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) from contaminated water using biochar is a promising cost-effective approach. To determine the stability of PFOA adsorption on biochar, the thermodynamic analysis of the adsorption-desorption behavior is essential. This study comprehensively investigated the adsorption and desorption of PFOA on biochars derived from maple sawdust, peanut shells and corn stalks, pyrolyzed at peak temperatures of 400, 600 and 800 °C. The findings indicated that the micropore volume of the biochars was key to PFOA adsorption, with peanut shell biochar produced at 800 °C showing the highest adsorption capacity of 16.75 mg/g, attributed to its larger micropore volume (0.22 m3/g). Thermodynamic analysis showed that the negative values of ∆G0 of PFOA adsorption ranged from −2.24 to −5.38 kJ/mol, confirmed that the process was spontaneous and involved physical pore-filling. However, the close similarity between the adsorption and desorption isotherms, coupled with a low hysteresis coefficient, clarified that the PFOA adsorption was unstable and prone to desorption. The thermodynamic insights from this study highlighted that lignin-rich biochar produced at high temperature with high micropore content was very favorable for the effective adsorptive removal of PFOA, while the long-term adsorption stability should not be overlooked in the remediation applications.

169. 题目: Three-year elevated carbon dioxide concentration does not enhance soil organic carbon quantity due to simultaneously facilitated carbon input and decomposition in a single rice paddy soil evidenced by natural 13C tracing
文章编号: N24112319
期刊: Science of the Total Environment
作者: Shuirong Tang, Yanzheng Wu, Lei Meng, Hidemitsu Sakai, Toshihiro Hasegawa, Xingkai Xu, Zhibin Guo, Weiguo Cheng
更新时间: 2024-11-23
摘要: Soil organic carbon (SOC) markedly contributes to maintaining soil nutrient cycling and mitigating climate change. Elevated carbon (C) dioxide concentration ([CO2]) is widely expected to improve crop yield and increase C storage; however, its effects on rice growth and SOC dynamics remain greatly unclear. Therefore, a three-year (2007–2009) chamber experiment with two [CO2] treatments (380 vs. 680 ppm) was conducted during rice growing seasons. Ultisol soil, taken from a sugarcane (C4 plant) field on Ishigaki island, Okinawa, was used to grow rice (C3 plant). The natural 13C tracing method was utilized to measure the fraction of SOC derived from rice plant, and δ13C values and concentrations of CO2 and CH4 dissolved in soil solutions were determined. Elevated [CO2] significantly increased rice aboveground biomass (AGB) by 11.8 %–28.8 % and assimilated C content by 12.2 %–28.3 %. However, no significant differences were observed in SOC, total nitrogen (N) content, and the C/N ratios between ambient and elevated [CO2]. Elevated [CO2] induced markedly lower δ13C values in both plant and soil samples relative to ambient [CO2]. The annual fractions of plant-derived C input ranged from 5.0 % to 21.2 % in ambient [CO2] and from 5.6 % to 21.9 % in elevated [CO2] without significant differences. Elevated [CO2] stimulated marked increases in dissolved CO2 and CH4 concentrations, and δ13C values of CH4, indicating a positive priming effect of elevated [CO2] on native SOC decomposition for methanogenesis. In conclusion, elevated [CO2] did not affect SOC accumulation by simultaneously increasing C input evidenced by increased AGB, and SOC decomposition as CO2 and CH4 emissions, hence resulting in a stable SOC quantity in rice paddy ecosystems. Our study delves in the nexus between C input and soil C decomposition under elevated CO2 condition, highlighting its significance in prediction of the responses of C storage in paddy ecosystems to future climate change.

170. 题目: Valorisation of anaerobic digestate to nutrients and humic substances
文章编号: N24112318
期刊: Waste Management
作者: Joni Lehto, Eliisa Järvelä
更新时间: 2024-11-23
摘要: Nutrient-rich product fractions were produced from abundant, yet currently chemically under-utilized nutrients-containing feedstock, residual digestate formed during anaerobic digestion (AD). The objective of this research was to experiment individually three sub-processes, i.e., precipitation of organic humic substances and phosphorus from the digestate reject water, liberation of reject water nitrogen as ammonia gas during the lime treatment and recovering it with membrane contactor (MC), and finally novel utilization of ammonia for leaching nitrogen-enriched organic substances from the digestate residue. With calcium precipitation, the main part of the phosphorus and significant part of organic material could be precipitated, and simultaneously ammonium could be liberated with good yield as ammonia gas, so that it could be recovered by MC. On the other hand, ammonia could be used with promising results as an extraction media, by which the solubility of the organic matter and the content of nitrogen attached to the soluble organic fraction could be significantly increased. Hence, all sub-processes were found to achieve their goals and digestate could be successfully utilized as a feedstock for manufacture of varying nutrient-rich products. Combining these three subprocesses together enables the development of novel cascading process concept, in which treated product stream can be used in the next process step and in which each subprocess step benefits the next.

171. 题目: Changes in ecosystem carbon sequestration and influencing factors from a ’Past-Future’ perspective: A case study of the Tarim River
文章编号: N24112317
期刊: Ecological Indicators
作者: Jia Xu, Ayong Jiao, Mingjiang Deng, Hongbo Ling
更新时间: 2024-11-23
摘要: Amid global warming and intensified human activities, the carbon sequestration (CS) capacity of terrestrial ecosystems faces significant pressure. Ecological Water Conveyance (EWC) projects, by altering land use patterns, have become a key approach to addressing this issue. Therefore, the critical question this study aims to solve is how to enhance regional CS by optimizing EWC measures, based on understanding the relationship between land use changes and CS. To address this, we propose an integrated framework that couples the PLUS-InVEST-OPGD models, adopting a ’past-future’ perspective to explore the relationship between CS and land use changes in the context of EWC. The study found that during the historical period (2000–2020), CS in the Tarim River (TR) area exhibited a pattern of ’ first increasing, then stabilizing.’ Between 2000 and 2010, the total CS increased by 3.5 × 10^6 Mg, accompanied by an expansion of forested areas along the riverbanks and within national parks. However, from 2010 to 2020, the total CS increased by only 0.3 × 10^6 Mg, with forested areas along the riverbanks and within national parks remaining relatively stable. Under three future development scenarios—Natural Increase (NIS), Farmland Protection (FPS), and Ecological Protection (EPS)—CS differences between NIS and FPS are minimal at 0.01 × 10^6 Mg, as both continue existing EWC policies without optimization, with NIS following natural growth and FPS prioritizing farmland preservation. In contrast, the EPS, which introduces optimized EWC strategies to limit urban expansion and enhance ecological sustainability, results in a significant CS increase of approximately 1.1 × 10^6 Mg, with farmland areas also expanding. Through single factor and interactive detection analyses, we found that potential evapotranspiration and annual average groundwater depth play crucial roles in vegetation restoration in arid regions, as EWC helps maintain groundwater levels, reducing plant water stress and supporting vegetation growth, while managing evapotranspiration ensures that the water provided through EWC is efficiently utilized for ecosystem recovery and CS. Under the current EWC model and prevailing climate and human activity conditions, the CS capacity of ecosystems appears to stabilize. To further enhance the region’s CS potential, optimizing EWC strategies is essential. It is recommended to construct a ’surface’ water conveyance network through engineering measures, in addition to the existing ’linear conveyance’ model, to improve water resource utilization efficiency. The findings of this study offer valuable insights not only for the TR region but also for other arid inland river basins worldwide, providing a replicable framework for ecological restoration and water management.

172. 题目: Carbon farming practices for European cropland: A review on the effect on soil organic carbon
文章编号: N24112316
期刊: Soil and Tillage Research
作者: Tashina Petersson, Gabriele Antoniella, Lucia Perugini, Maria Vincenza Chiriacò, Tommaso Chiti
更新时间: 2024-11-23
摘要: Carbon farming has been recently proposed as an effective measure for climate change mitigation through carbon (C) sequestration or C emissions reduction. In order to identify and estimate the climate change mitigation potential of carbon farming practices on European croplands we conduct a systematic review on both relative and absolute annual soil organic carbon (SOC) stock change (ΔSOCREL; ΔSOCABS) related to single and combined agroecological practices tested on mineral soils at a minimum of 0–30 cm and up to 150 cm soil depth whenever data were available. We used the term ΔSOCREL for SOC stock changes determined by the paired comparison method and the term ΔSOCABS for those calculated using the SOC stock difference method. We compiled a dataset with more than 700 records on SOC change rates representing 12 carbon farming practices. Mean ΔSOCREL in Mg C ha−1 yr−1 at 0–30 cm soil depth were collected for cover crops (0.40 ± 0.32), organic amendments (0.52 ± 0.47 and 0.38 ± 0.37 when the control is respectively unfertilized or liquid organic amendment), crop residue maintenance (0.14 ± 0.06), improved rotations (0.21 ± 0.16), reduced soil disturbance (0.24 ± 0.34), silvoarable systems (0.21 ± 0.08), organic (0.9 Mg ± 0.25) and conservation management (0.78 ± 0.62), set-aside (0.75 ± 0.68 and −0.39 ± 0.50 when the control is respectively cropland or pasture/grassland), cropland conversion into permanent grassland (0.79 ± 0.47), poplar plantations (0.25 ± 0.68 and −0.85 ± 0.53 when established on cropland or pasture/grassland). SOC sequestration was detected only for organic amendments, cover crops, poplar plantations, conservation management, organic management, and combined carbon farming practices for which we estimated a median ΔSOCABS ranging between 0.32 and 0.96 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 at 0–30 cm. The ΔSOCABS observed at 0–30 cm soil depth from cropland conversion into short rotation forestry resulted in an increase of C, while negative values were observed when the control was grassland. Cropland conversion into permanent grassland or pasture showed positive ΔSOCREL at 0–30 and 0–90 and 0–100 cm soil depth. Reduced soil disturbance full soil profile assessment at 0–50 cm soil depth completely counterweighted any SOC stock increase found in topsoil at 0–30 and 0–40 cm soil depth, therefore resulting in no net climate benefit. Conservation management, organic management, and combining cover crops with organic amendments are the most effective strategies shifting arable land from C source to net sink, with median ΔSOCABS at 0–30 cm soil depth of 0.63, 0.91 and 0.96 Mg C ha−1 yr−1, respectively. Permanent grasslands and pastures were negatively affected by any type of land-use change, at least in topsoil. Natural ecological successions after cropland abandonment (20-year set-aside), or arable land conversion into poplar plantations and grassland promote relative SOC stock annual increase by 1.08, 0.77 and 0.33 at 0–30 cm respectively, while the net climate benefit remains unclear when subsoils are assessed.

173. 题目: Dioxin-Like Polychlorinated Biphenyls (dl-PCB) in Hydrochars and Biochars: Review of Recent Evidence, Pollution Levels, Critical Gaps, Formation Mechanisms and Regulations
文章编号: N24112315
期刊: Journal of Hazardous Materials
作者: Łukasz Sobol, Arkadiusz Dyjakon, Bogdan Z Dlugogorski
更新时间: 2024-11-23
摘要: Contamination of chars with dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCB) significantly limits their use and hinders their deployment in the circular bioeconomy, specifically in applications that may lead to dietary exposure. Here, for the first time, we review the levels of contamination of chars produced from pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) with dl-PCB congeners. We conduct a detailed and critical examination of the role played by the processing parameters, such as temperature and residence time, and the reaction mechanisms, to detoxify the biomass under an oxygen-free atmosphere during its valorisation. The PCB-based toxicity of biomass depends mostly on the abundance of dl-PCB in the raw material, and on the dechlorination and other transformation processes that operate during the treatment. The key dechlorination steps make the toxicity of hydrochars pass through a maximum with increasing treatment time, whereas the toxicity of biochars in pyrolysis decreases monotonically. Pyrolysis displays more complex mechanistic pathways of volatilisation, dechlorination, degradation of PCB rings, minor de novo formation of dl-PCB in case of air leaks, and concentrating persistent organic pollutants (POP) in char matrices. In contrast, the mechanisms responsible for the evolution of toxicity in HTC processes comprise the dechlorination, possible chlorine position shift, and biomass densification. The kinetic model developed in this review affords insight into the evolution of the hydrochar toxicity that depends on process temperature and treatment time. The dl-PCB concentrations in treated biomass generally range from 1.06 ng WHO₂₀₀₅-TEQ (kg DM)^-1 to 11.7 ng WHO₂₀₀₅-TEQ (kg DM)^-1, whereas for biochars produced from contaminated sediments the toxicity varies from 0.00662 ng WHO₁₉₉₈-TEQ (kg DM)^-1 to 1.42 ng WHO₁₉₉₈-TEQ (kg DM)^-1. DM stands for dry matter, TEQ for toxic equivalency, and WHO₁₉₉₈ means the application of the toxic equivalency factors (TEF) set by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1998 to calculate the TEQ. Finally, we identify the crucial gaps in the literature, review the regulations governing the use of biomass in feed and in the environment, and provide suggestions for future research. The findings in this article provide both the technical understanding of how to minimise the formation of dl-PCB in the production of chars and suggest modifications to the current guidelines. The latter will increase the consumer’s trust in valorised biomass, leading to its wider acceptance in the circular bioeconomy as feed supplements and soil additives.

174. 题目: Efficient and selective adsorption of Ni(II) and Mo(VI) utilizing novel materials derived from in situ aminated Co/Zn-ZIF-Modified biochar
文章编号: N24112314
期刊: Separation and Purification Technology
作者: Feiyu Gao, Chaowen Tan, Yang You, Yong Hou, Hongyan Yan, Xuewei Lv, Jie Dang
更新时间: 2024-11-23
摘要: The imperative need for efficient and selective adsorption of Ni(II) and Mo(VI) is crucial for resource utilization and environmental protection. However, this process faces a challenge due to the scarcity of adsorbents that can adeptly adsorb both metal ions simultaneously. To address this, this study introduces a novel composite adsorbent material, denoted as BECZN, achieved through composite cross-linking of waste orange peel biochar with in situ aminated cobalt/zinc-zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (Co/Zn-ZIF-NH₂). The incorporation of Co/Zn-ZIF-NH₂ enhances the availability of active groups within BECZN. The aerogel structure of BECZN prevents ZIF material collapse and agglomeration, thereby improving active site exposure. BECZN exhibits notable adsorption capacities, reaching 151.84 mg/g for Ni(II) at pH = 7 and 842.54 mg/g for Mo(VI) at pH = 3. Further investigations indicated that the adsorption of Ni(II) and Mo(VI) obeys the Langmuir isotherm model, while exhibiting pseudo-second-order kinetics and intraparticle diffusion characteristics. Notably, BECZN selectively adsorbs Ni(II) and Mo(VI) efficiently under acidic and neutral conditions, respectively. It can maintain high capacity under the interference of various cations and anions. Meanwhile, this excellent selective adsorption of Ni(II) and Mo(VI) by Co/Zn-ZIF-NH₂ is revealed at the atomic level using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This study offers a theoretical basis and experimental reference for the design and synthesis of ZIF and biomass-based composite adsorbents.

175. 题目: Effective adsorption of Congo red by an innovative biochar/LDH-derived MIL-100(Al): Investigation of coexisting pollutants and mechanism revelation
文章编号: N24112313
期刊: Separation and Purification Technology
作者: Weikun Sun, Chuanfu Liu, Shengqin Liu, Jian Zhang, Hongbin Chen, Zumin Qiu
更新时间: 2024-11-23
摘要: Herein, the innovative use of 2-aminoterephthalic acid on biochar/LDH(Mg/Al) derivatization succeeded in obtaining BL@MIL-100(Al), which was applied as an excellent adsorbent for the efficient removal of Congo red (CR). The adsorption capacity of BL@MIL-100(Al) was 5 times that of biochar and 2.5 times that of LDH(Mg/Al), respectively. The experimental results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of BL@MIL-100(Al) reached 1672.34 mg/g at 303 K, which was much higher than that of the reported adsorbents. The Langmuir model and Elovich model described the adsorption process of BL@MIL-100(Al) better. In addition, the thermodynamic results indicated that the higher temperature favored the adsorption process of CR. Besides, BL@MIL-100(Al) showed strong immunity to chloride and sodium salts, and the presence of microplastics facilitated the adsorption of CR onto BL@MIL-100(Al). Meanwhile, BL@MIL-100(Al) still achieved ∼ 81 % removal efficiency after 6 cycles and showed long-term water purification in fixed-bed column experiment, indicating its outstanding stability. Additionally, the excellent adsorption performance in different kinds of natural water environments and binary systems demonstrated its wide applicability. Moreover, the adsorption mechanism of BL@MIL-100(Al) was systematically explored based on XRD, FT-IR, and XPS characterizations, in which amino protonation contributed prominently to the adsorption process. Thus, an innovative and facile approach to synthesize BL@MIL-100(Al) as an adsorbent for the removal of CR from wastewater is feasible.

176. 题目: Assessing the performance of machine learning models for predicting soil organic carbon variability across diverse landforms
文章编号: N24112312
期刊: Environmental Earth Sciences
作者: Maryam Dadgar, Seyedeh Ensieh Faramarzi
更新时间: 2024-11-23
摘要:

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is an essential soil property that plays an important role in sustainable agricultural production. Recently, there has been considerable interest in utilizing data mining and spatial modeling techniques for SOC estimation through machine learning methods, leveraging remote sensing data and terrain attributes. This study aimed to evaluate and compare several machine learning techniques, specifically Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), for predicting SOC levels across various landforms in northwestern Iran. A total of 402 soil samples were collected, and their SOC content was measured. Furthermore, remote sensing indices obtained from Landsat 8 satellite imagery and terrain attributes from digital elevation models were used. The measured and predicted SOC values generated from the machine learning methods were compared across different landforms. The results indicated that the RF method achieved the highest accuracy in predicting SOC (R² = 0.84, RMSE = 0.04, AIC = −825, BIC = −840). Spatial distribution analysis revealed that only a small portion of the study area exhibited high SOC content, while most of the region had SOC content below 1%. Moreover, a comparison means values of SOC across different landforms indicated that SOC content in upper slope landforms were significantly lower than those in other landforms. Finally, the comparison of measured and predicted values across the three models showed that the RF method provided results closely aligned with the actual SOC content across all examined landforms. This study emphasizes that enhanced techniques for evaluating soil properties mark a notable progression in soil modeling, facilitating better management of soil resources.

177. 题目: Enterobacter hormaechei Wu15-loaded biochar enhances the ice plant growth by improving saline soil quality
文章编号: N24112311
期刊: Plant and Soil
作者: Bingzhe Su, Zhuo Tu, Zihe Yang, Nana Liu, Zhuoyu Bai, Zihe Deng, Fei Tian, Dongye Huang, Duoduo Tian, Zhansheng Wu
更新时间: 2024-11-23
摘要:

Aim

Considering that the current proportion of saline-alkaline land worldwide is relatively high, it is vital to find a low-consumption and high-efficiency method for saline-alkaline land restoration, while at the same time, mitigating environmental contamination and optimizing agroforestry waste management.

Methods

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) Wu15 was extracted and inoculated onto biochar to prepare BC-Wu15, and the effects of biochar on soil quality and plant growth were verified by potting experiments.

Results

Soil quality and fertility of saline soils was proved to be improved. There was an increase in soil nutrient contents (incl. nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K)) as well as in organic matter (OM) content and cation exchange capacity (CEC). The synergistic effect of biochar and Wu15 led to an increase by 79.95% and 81.52% in the ice plant’s chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b levels.

Conclusions

The result indicated the tightly packed vesicles were useful for transporting excessive salt in the ice plant. Redundancy analysis (RDA) confirmed that the improvement in plant growth was positively correlated with enhanced soil quality. This study provides useful insights into the utilization of BC-Wu15 as an effective method for amending saline soils and increasing crop yields, demonstrating the potential for the combined utilization of biochar and PGPR.

Graphical

178. 题目: Response of dissolved organic matter and disinfection by-product precursors to algal blooms and thermal stratification in deep reservoirs
文章编号: N24112310
期刊: Chemosphere
作者: Gang Ji, Kai Li, Yi Hou, Ruikang Xue, Kangzhe Huang, He Lv, Tinglin Huang, Gang Wen
更新时间: 2024-11-23
摘要: Algal bloom contribute substantially to dissolved organic matter (DOM) and disinfection by-product (DBP) precursors in deep reservoirs, threatening drinking water safety. However, the variations in DOM and DBP precursors in deep-water reservoirs during algal bloom remain unclear. UV and fluorescence spectroscopy and chlorination experiments were used to analyze the variations in DOM and DBP precursors during algal bloom in the Sanhekou Reservoir. Before algal bloom, the DOM and DBP precursors decreased due to biodegradation. After algal bloom, the DOM and DBP precursors increased by 48.3% and 86.9% due to algae producing protein-like compounds. Notably, the algal bloom produced a range of nitrogenous compounds that significantly promote the formation of trichloronitromethane, a major contributor to the mammalian cytotoxicity associated with DBPs. In addition, the heterogeneous matrix led to the stratification of DOM and DBP precursors. The surface water (0–5 m) was more vulnerable to algae, with protein-like components being much higher than in other layers, while humic and fulvic-like components were much lower. However, high temperatures and sufficient oxygen conditions accelerated the biodegradation of DOM and DBP precursors, resulting in significantly lower levels of DOM and DBP precursors in the surface water compared to other layers (p < 0.05). This study provides insights into the variations and the drivers in DOM and DBP precursors during algal bloom, essential for developing water intake strategies in similar water reservoirs.

179. 题目: Characteristics of dissolved organic matter and their role in membrane fouling during simultaneous sludge thickening and reduction using flat-sheet membranes
文章编号: N24112309
期刊: Chemosphere
作者: Xuefeng Zhu, Zexian Fang, Shicai Cheng, Guangyin Zhen, Xueqin Lu, Hongbo Liu, Jing Qi, Zhichao Wu, Xuedong Zhang, Zhen Zhou, Mika Sillanpää
更新时间: 2024-11-23
摘要: Four parallel simultaneous sludge thickening and reduction reactors using flat-sheet membranes were employed for the aerobic digestion of sludge to explore the characteristics of dissolved organic matter and its membrane fouling effect. During the initial 8 days of using flat-sheet membranes for simultaneous sludge thickening and reduction (MSTR), a notable increase was observed in the concentrations of humic acids and compounds that resemble soluble microbial by-products in the effluent. Subsequently, a fluctuating trend in humic acid levels ensued, accompanied by a gradual decline in soluble microbial by-product-like substances. Post the initial 8-day period, the capillary suction time (CST) rose from approximately 400 s to over 800 s, the viscosity increased from 20 mPa s to 38 mPa s, and the membrane resistance increased from roughly 6.0e+ 11 m⁻¹ to approximately 9.0e+11 m⁻¹. This phenomenon can be attributed to the clogging of pores by foulants whose size is similar to that of the membrane pores leading to the accumulation and deposition of macromolecules and larger particulates forming gel layers and cake layers. The interplay among diverse microorganisms engenders functional modules, collectively influencing the distribution and characteristics of dissolved organic matter within the MSTR. These microorganisms exert their metabolic effects individually and interact reciprocally, creating synergistic and inhibitory mechanisms. Notably, the synergistic interactions among microorganisms predominated, culminating in an enhanced effluent quality within the system.

180. 题目: Sulfur-Functionalized Rice Straw Biochar for Enhanced Cadmium Sorption: Spectroscopic, Kinetic and Computational Insights
文章编号: N24112308
期刊: Journal of Cleaner Production
作者: M M M Ahmed, Chih-Hao Liao, Yu-Ting Liu, S Venkatesan, Yi-Chen Hsieh, H M Nail, Hui-Min David Wang, Ming-Chang Lin, Shih-Hao Jien, Yu-min Tzou
更新时间: 2024-11-23
摘要: Cadmium (Cd) contamination necessitates effective remediation approaches. This study valorizes rice straw biochar by enhancing its Cd sorption capacity through sulfur functionalization. Biochar was functionalized with sulfur compounds (H₂SO₄, Na₂S, and Na₂S₂O₃) to introduce Lewis soft base characteristics for improved affinity towards Cd(II), a Lewis soft acid. Characterization confirmed successful grafting of various sulfur groups, increasing the sulfur content from 0.33% to 13.27% and boosting oxygen-containing functional groups. The sulfur-functionalized biochar demonstrated significantly enhanced Cd(II) sorption compared to pristine biochar, with a maximum capacity of 34.40 mg g^-1 at pH 5.0 – a 17.3-fold increase – and reduced equilibrium time from 8 hours to 5-10 minutes. Density functional theory calculations suggested that sulfur doping facilitated Cd-S bond formation and modulated the electronic properties of the biochar-Cd systems, contributing to the superior sorption performance. Sulfur functionalization offers a cost-effective, eco-friendly method for enhanced Cd(II) removal, validated by experiments and theory.