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1. 题目: Volcanism-driven anomalous organic matter enrichment in saline lacustrine basins: insights from the Permian Lucaogou Formation, NW China
文章编号: N26051421
期刊: Organic Geochemistry
作者: Yingxing Gan, Hongjing Zhao, Yongbin Quan, Jie Wang, Xiongfei Xu, Liwen Yang, Xiaohong Lei
更新时间: 2026-05-14
摘要: The mechanism linking volcanism to anomalous organic matter enrichment in saline lacustrine basins remains unclear. Here, the second member of the Middle Permian Lucaogou Formation (P2l2) in the Malang Sag, Santanghu Basin, is examined using TOC, Rock-Eval parameters, biomarker proxies, mineral compositions, and major- and trace-element data. The P2l2 is divided into a non-volcanic activity stage (NVAS) and a stable volcanic activity stage (SVAS) based on tuff occurrence, volcanic material content (Vm), and rhythmic mineralogical variations. The two stages exhibit similar organic matter types and thermal maturity, indicating that these factors did not control the observed TOC differences. All anomalously high TOC intervals occur in the SVAS. Proxy data indicate that the NVAS was deposited under hot, arid, saline, shallow-water, and strongly reducing conditions in which organic matter enrichment was primarily controlled by preservation. During the SVAS, volcanic activity likely moderated the hot and arid climate, intensified chemical weathering, deepened the lake, reduced salinity, weakened persistent bottom-water reduction, and increased redox variability. At the same time, paleoproductivity increased significantly compared to the NVAS. Volcanism thus reorganized the lake system by modifying hydroclimate, basin hydrology, water chemistry, and nutrient supply, thereby shifting the dominant control on organic matter enrichment from preservation to productivity. These results provide a process-based explanation for volcanism-driven source-rock development in saline lacustrine basins.

2. 题目: Zinc isotope fractionation during the interaction with different molecular weight fractions of dissolved organic matter
文章编号: N26051420
期刊: Applied Geochemistry
作者: Qiyuan Liu, Yaqin Zhang, Zening Lü, Tongying Yan, Rui Zuo, Yuanzheng Zhai, Liuting Song
更新时间: 2026-05-14
摘要: The bioavailability and mobility of zinc (Zn) are predominantly governed by dissolved organic matter (DOM) in natural environments. Although Zn isotopes are known to fractionate during complexation with organic ligands, the mechanism of how DOM heterogeneity modulates this process remains poorly constrained. In this study, we investigated Zn isotope fractionation induced by complexation with different molecular weight (MW) fractions of two natural DOM: Pahokee Peat Fulvic Acid (PPFA) and Suwannee River Fulvic Acid (SRFA). The Donnan Membrane Technique (DMT) was employed to separate Zn-DOM complexes from free Zn species. The results indicate that while no discernable isotopic fractionation was observed ( = −0.12‰ to +0.06‰) induced by bulk PPFA and SRFA, the MW-fractionated components displayed a broad range of distinct isotopic fractionation ( = −0.01‰ to +0.55‰). For PPFA fractions, heavy Zn isotopes are preferentially enriched in the Zn complexes ( = +0.28‰ to +0.30‰), which is attributed to the formation of strong, stable bonds with abundant aromatic phenolic moieties, particularly within the high-MW fractions. SRFA components exhibited more pronounced isotopic fractionation compared to PPFA, with values reaching up to +0.55‰ for the 100–1000 kDa fraction and +0.53‰ for the <10 kDa fraction. This enhanced fractionation is primarily attributed to the formation of stronger inner-sphere complexes with shorter Zn-ligand bond lengths, likely involving coordination with carboxyl and/or hydroxyl functional groups. This study reveals how structural and functional group differences among different MW fractions of DOM affect metal complexation capacity and consequently influence Zn isotope fractionation, providing a better understanding of Zn biogeochemical cycling in natural systems.

3. 题目: Soil organic carbon response to no-till is conditioned by edaphoclimatic moderators in tropical agriculture: Evidence from Brazil
文章编号: N26051419
期刊: Soil and Tillage Research
作者: Altene JEAN-LOUIS, Giulia Ketlen SANCHES, Sérgio Abílio AZEVEDO, Johnny JEAN, Bruno Montoani SILVA, Ana Carolina BARBOSA, Samara Martins BARBOSA, Jessica Oliveira Notorio RIBEIRO, Renan PREVIL, Vânessa Lopes de FARIA, Rafaella Tatiane Silva de SÁ, Juliano Vilela OLIVEIRA, Junior Cesar AVANZI
更新时间: 2026-05-14
摘要: Fixed-depth soil sampling can bias soil organic carbon (SOC) stock comparisons between no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) when bulk density differs between systems, yet many tropical syntheses have not corrected for this effect. A systematic review compiled 46 studies from 58 sites across five Brazilian biomes, Cerrado, Mata Atlântica, Amazônia, Caatinga, and Pampa, and applied a CT-anchored equivalent soil mass (ESM) framework to harmonize SOC stocks across cumulative depth strata of 0–20, 0–40, 0–60, and 0–100 cm. The dataset was dominated by Ferralsols (Latossolos, Oxisols), Cambisols (Cambissolos, Inceptisols) and Acrisols (Argissolos, Ultisols). In the paired meta-analytic subset, NT increased SOC stocks by 18% relative to CT (NT/CT = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.11–1.26), although the prediction interval (0.84–1.74) indicated substantial context dependence. ESM-standardized profiles showed that gains extended to 0–60 cm in the Cerrado and Mata Atlântica, whereas responses were near zero in the Caatinga and largely surface-confined in Amazônia. Time since NT adoption was not a significant moderator, despite NT showing higher SOC stocks throughout the entire evaluated period. In moderator analyses of SOC stocks under NT, clay content showed a positive association, whereas mean annual rainfall showed a negative association. These findings demonstrate that mass-corrected, profile-integrated accounting substantially alters estimates of NT mitigation potential in tropical agroecosystems and underscore the need for carbon accounting frameworks to incorporate ESM approaches and stratification by texture and moisture regime to avoid systematic bias in cross-climate comparisons. Such integration is relevant for Measurement, Reporting, and Verification systems supporting national climate commitments, including Brazil’s Nationally Determined Contribution and Low Carbon Agriculture Plan, but is equally applicable to global assessments of conservation agriculture.

4. 题目: Hierarchical porous biochar with enhanced performance inspired by “corn straw/cow manure co-compost” designed for efficient removal of antibiotics
文章编号: N26051418
期刊: Environmental Technology & Innovation
作者: Yuhan Zheng, Ziyu Guo, Ruihangyi Zhang, Siji Chen, Chunjie Tian, Shanshan Tang, Guang Chen
更新时间: 2026-05-14
摘要: In this study, corn straw (CS) was processed using two pretreatment routes, namely corn straw/cow manure co-composting and solid fermentation with a homologous microbial community isolated from cow manure. The pretreated materials were converted into biochar (BSC-3 and BSF-3) through carbonization-activation. Changes in microbial communities and their effects on straw composition and structural characteristics were investigated through comparative dynamic analysis. The characterization results indicated that compared with the biochar produced directly from raw straw without pretreatment (BCS), the biochars derived from both co-composting and solid fermentation pretreatments exhibited superior physicochemical properties. The specific surface areas of BSC-3 and BSF-3 were 2946.21 and 2504.56 m2/g, respectively. The total pore volumes increased to 1.8422 and 1.4721 cm3/g, representing increases of 45.6–71.3% and 47.2–79.4% over BCS. This enhancement was mainly attributed to two factors. First, microbial pretreatment disrupted the lignocellulosic structure, thereby generating more porous precursors for activation. Second, the mycelial structures introduced during microbial modification contributed additional microstructural features favorable for biochar formation. In adsorption experiments using hydrochloric tetracycline (TH) and sodium sulfadiazine (SD-Na) as model antibiotics, the biochars exhibited outstanding adsorption performance. The maximum adsorption capacities reached 1513.56 and 1422.45mg/g for TH, and 1281.65 and 1258.85mg/g for SD-Na, exceeding those of previously reported adsorbents. In addition to producing high-performance biochar for efficient antibiotic removal from water, this study verified the feasibility of microbial community pretreatment for improving the functionality of the derived biochar, providing a promising strategy for the development of lignocellulosic biochars.

5. 题目: Hierarchical FeWO4@biochar triggering efficient interfacial charge transfer for photocatalytic CO2 reduction and sulfamethazine degradation
文章编号: N26051417
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Jie Wan, Lei Chen, Siyu Du, Changjian Zhang, Yunchang Peng, Xiaofan Yang
更新时间: 2026-05-14
摘要: The integration of biomass-derived carbon supports with semiconductor catalysts represents an effective and sustainable approach to improving photocatalytic performance for energy and environmental applications. In this work, a dual-functional ferrous tungstate-biochar composite (FeWO4@biochar) was synthesized via hydrothermal method and independently evaluated for visible-light-driven CO2 reduction and sulfamethazine (SMZ) degradation. SEM, TEM, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirmed the uniform in-situ growth of flower-like FeWO4 nanostructures and their strong interfacial anchoring on the biochar surface, resulting in a well-contacted heterointerface that triggers rapid interfacial electron migration. The generation of key intermediate *COOH was confirmed by the In-situ FTIR analysis, which are essential for CO2 conversion to CO. The FeWO4@biochar attained a CO yield of 13.23 μmolg⁻¹h⁻¹, while 93.7% SMZ degradation was attained within 120min under visible light. LC-ESI/MS analysis was employed to elucidate plausible SMZ degradation pathways, while ECOSAR 2.0 indicated substantial toxicity reduction after photocatalytic treatment. In addition, DFT deformation charge density calculations and in-situ XPS results revealed directional electron transfer from FeWO4 to biochar, which triggers efficient interfacial charge-transfer pathways governing both CO2 reduction and SMZ mineralization. These results providing guidance for designing multifunctional FeWO4-based photocatalysts for solar energy conversion and pollutant remediation.

6. 题目: Soil-Type-Dependent Changes in Topsoil Organic Carbon Storage of Cultivated Lands in China
文章编号: N26051416
期刊: Environmental Research
作者: Wenwen Li, Wei He, Xiaorong Wei, Jianbin Zhou, Zhujun Chen, Xiaoning Zhao
更新时间: 2026-05-14
摘要: Cultivated soil carbon storage is critical for sustainable agricultural development and climate change mitigation; however, the differential responses of specific soil types to carbon storage at the national scale remain poorly quantified. We assessed spatiotemporal patterns of soil organic carbon (SOC) storage across major cultivated soil types in China from 2000 to 2020 using data from the Harmonised World Soil Database and China's High-Resolution National Soil Information Network. Notably, SOC storage in cultivated soils showed a net decline (–666 Tg) during the study period, with 60% of the reduction occurring in unchanged cultivated land (UCL), highlighting that carbon losses occurred even without land-use conversion. Anthrosols in UCL experienced severe SOC density declines in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, Northern arid and semiarid region, and Sichuan Basin. These findings highlight the need for targeted carbon management strategies that prioritize soil types with high sequestration potential (Luvisols and Fluvisols) while addressing vulnerability in high-risk soil types (particularly Anthrosols and other degraded soils).

7. 题目: Beyond conventional biochar: Sulfur-iron modification unlocks redox control for synergistic cadmium-arsenic sequestration in paddy soils
文章编号: N26051415
期刊: Environmental Research
作者: Zihao Liang, Hua Lin, Honghu Zeng, Sze-Mun Lam, Jin-Chung Sin, Xuehong Zhang, Guo Yu, Mi Feng, Yanpeng Liang, Huawei Li, Yuxi Lu, Gongning Chen
更新时间: 2026-05-14
摘要: The synergistic stabilization of cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) in co-contaminated soils remains challenging because of their contrasting geochemical behaviors under flooded conditions. This study evaluated three sulfur–iron modified biochars (SIMBs), namely pyrite-modified biochar (PMB), iron-sulfide-based porous biochar (FSB), and a sulfur iron carbon composite (SFC), using flooding incubation and anaerobic microcosm experiments. PMB showed the fastest Cd passivation, lowering porewater Cd to 0.01 mg/L on day 1, while increasing residual Cd by 45.4% and decreasing bioavailable As by 6.0%. FSB exhibited the strongest Cd immobilization, decreasing porewater Cd by 92.2% on day 60, accompanied by an 81.8% increase in residual Cd and a 12.5% decrease in bioavailable As. SFC showed the strongest and most persistent suppression of As release, lowering porewater total As by 72.2% on day 60, while increasing residual Cd by 209% and decreasing bioavailable As by 31.3%. At the microbial level, PMB and SFC reduced arrA abundance by 46% and 50%, respectively, and decreased Geobacteraceae abundance by 15% and 45%, indicating that sulfur–iron modification not only strengthened Fe–S-coupled sequestration pathways but also restrained microbial reductive processes associated with As mobilization. Random forest modeling identified porewater Fe(II) and As(III) as the dominant predictors of Cd and As bioavailability. Sequential extraction and XPS further showed that Cd stabilization was driven mainly by sulfide/mineral precipitation, whereas As sequestration depended on Fe–S coupled transformation, secondary reactive Fe phase formation, and Fe-associated re-sequestration. Overall, sulfur–iron modification shifted biochar from a simple sorbent to a chemical and microbial regulator of soil Fe–S biogeochemistry.

8. 题目: Repurposing Coriandrum sativum L. powder into bifunctional graphene oxide decorated biochar material for efficient removal of emerging pollutants and sensing of uranyl ions
文章编号: N26051414
期刊: Bioresource Technology
作者: , Simranjit Kaur, , , Paramdeep Kaur, Sonal Singhal
更新时间: 2026-05-14
摘要: Development in industrial and agricultural sector has increased the toxicity of natural water bodies due to the upsurge in pharmaceutical and pesticide usage, thereby attracting significant attention towards wastewater treatment. In this study, a highly porous graphene oxide modified Coriandrum sativum L. powder based biochar (GOCP) composite was synthesized, exhibiting bifunctional capabilities for both adsorption and sensing of pollutants. The obtained GOCP composite, with superior surface properties, was assessed for the adsorption of drug Ciprofloxacin (CF) and pesticide Bifenthrin (BF). The results demonstrated excellent adsorptive capacities of 15.974 mg/g for CF and 15.649 mg/g for BF using 15GOCP, owing to presence of abundant surface-active sites. The adsorption mechanism involves n-π /π-π interaction, hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonding, pore filling and predominantly electrostatic interactions. In addition, 15GOCP was investigated for its sensing ability and exhibited efficient detection of uranyl (UO22+) ions with detection limit of 1.21 μM. More importantly, the 15GOCP biochar composite retained substantial adsorptive capacity after five cycles, validating its aptitude for repeated use. Furthermore, the composite demonstrated astonishing removal and sensing performance in real water samples, establishing promising potential of the devised GOCP composite. This work provides a dual-purpose platform for removal and detection of contaminants in polluted water.

9. 题目: The characteristics and mechanism of phosphorus adsorption and release of extracellular polymeric substances in biofilms based on phosphorus recovery
文章编号: N26051413
期刊: Bioresource Technology
作者: Min Ni, Zhiwen Dong, Ruijing Wu, Yu Wang, Wenle Yang, Can Zhang, Dapeng Li, Yong Huang, Lu Li, Yanyan Ding, Chuanming Yang, Yang Pan
更新时间: 2026-05-14
摘要: This study systematically investigated the phosphorus (P) adsorption and release behaviors of biofilm extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR). Batch experiments, enzyme activity assays, P forms, and spectral characterizations (3D-EEM, FTIR, XPS) were integrated to elucidate the independent role of EPS in biofilm P metabolism. The results quantified the independent P adsorption and release capacities of EPS as 1.68 mg/g and 2.46 mg/g, respectively. Different from cell-dependent biological P metabolism, EPS-mediated P transformation was insensitive to dissolved oxygen variation and carbon addition, and was mainly dominated by physicochemical adsorption. EPS-derived orthophosphate (Orth-P) and polyphosphate (Poly-P) contributed over 67% and less than 12% to the total Orth-P and Poly-P metabolism of biofilms, respectively. Although polyphosphate kinase (PPK) and polyphosphate hydrolase (PPX) activities were detected in EPS, the lack of effective carbon utilization capacity restricted their involvement in Poly-P transformation. Metal-mediated complexation served as the core immobilization pathway, in which Ca2⁺ and Mg2⁺ bound with phosphate groups, as well as carboxyl and amino functional groups of tryptophan- and tyrosine-rich proteins in EPS. Beyond the inherent physicochemical adsorption properties of EPS, microbial cells further regulated EPS content by aerobic biosynthesis and anaerobic biodegradation. Such microbial regulation synergistically optimized the P adsorption-release performance of EPS, verifying that EPS acts as the dominant functional component responsible for P transformation in biofilm systems. This study clarifies the intrinsic mechanisms underlying EPS-mediated P adsorption and release, and provides a theoretical basis for the development of low-carbon and high-efficiency P recovery technologies.

10. 题目: Enhanced HF adsorption and deactivation mechanism over alkali metal-modified bamboo biochar
文章编号: N26051412
期刊: Separation and Purification Technology
作者: Bohao He, Peng Gao, Ziruo Zeng, Tingjie Fu, Xin Sun, Ping Ning, Yuxuan Xie, Kai Li, Fei Wang
更新时间: 2026-05-14
摘要: Hydrogen fluoride (HF), a corrosive and toxic by-product from industrial processes such as non-ferrous metal smelting, aluminum electrolysis, coal combustion, and waste incineration, poses serious threats to human health and the environment. Effective control and removal of HF emissions are therefore essential. In this study, bamboo-derived biochar was employed as a support to systematically investigate the effects of metal species, potassium loading, and calcination temperature on adsorbent structure and HF removal performance. The optimal sample, BC-K(0.4 M)-750, prepared at 750 °C with a KNO3 impregnation concentration of 0.4 M (15.6 wt% K loading), exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity of 175.7 mg·g−1 at 80 °C. Characterization by SEM, XRD, and XPS revealed uniform dispersion of potassium species within the biochar pores, predominantly in the form of K2CO3. During adsorption, potassium active sites synergistically reacted with amorphous SiO2 in the biochar matrix to generate stable KHF2 and K2SiF6, enabling efficient chemisorption of HF. Deactivation was mainly attributed to progressive potassium consumption and pore blockage by accumulated reaction products. These findings demonstrated that potassium-modified biochar is a promising low-temperature HF adsorbent and provide valuable insights into structural optimization and deactivation mechanisms of biochar-based materials.

11. 题目: Microbial Controls on Dissolved Organic Nitrogen Cycling During Long-Term Degradation Experiments
文章编号: N26051411
期刊: Geophysical Research Letters
作者: Richard LaBrie, Roxane Maranger, Luc Tremblay, Jennifer Cherrier, Jean-Eric Tremblay, Nagissa Mahmoudi
更新时间: 2026-05-14
摘要: Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) is critical for marine microbial growth by providing carbon and nitrogen. Although DON is rapidly cycled, some compounds within this pool can persist for long-periods of time. To better understand how DON is cycled by marine microorganisms, we conducted 548-day incubations using surface-derived dissolved organic matter along with microbial communities from the surface, mesopelagic, and bathypelagic regions of the Labrador Sea. Across all depths, and even when corrected for particulate production, ∼2 μmol L⁻¹ DON was produced and persisted for several months (i.e., semilabile DON), with ∼20% attributed to cell growth-and-death cycles and ∼80% to direct exudation by microbial communities. This newly synthesized DON was subsequently transformed by microbial communities, indicated by increased protein-like fluorescence and decreased amino acids contribution to DON. These findings suggest that microbial communities can produce transiently persistent DON with potential implications for nitrogen storage and recycling in the ocean's interior.

12. 题目: Process-based controls on antibiotic ecological risk in aquaculture systems: Contrasting roles of DOM sources and system openness based on machine learning
文章编号: N26051410
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Haojing Zhang, Ji Qi, Yan Hao, Huibin Yu, Jingjing Ma, Wei Shi, Qingqian Li
更新时间: 2026-05-14
摘要: Antibiotics are widely used in aquaculture, yet the processes governing their ecological risks differ fundamentally across culture systems. Here, we disentangle the process-based drivers of antibiotic ecological risk in two contrasting aquaculture modes: recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) and traditional aquaculture systems (TAS), by integrating water quality parameters, dissolved organic matter (DOM) optical characteristics, structural equation modeling, and machine-learning approaches. In RAS, antibiotic ecological risk was statistically associated primarily with nutrient conditions (e.g., NH₃–N) and pH, while autochthonous, microbially derived DOM showed a secondary predictive importance. The closed or semi-closed recirculating configuration constrained external inputs and dampened environmental variability, leading to relatively stable, near-linear response relationships between environmental drivers and antibiotic risk in the observational data. In contrast, TAS exhibited strong dependence on terrestrial humic-like DOM inputs (C1) coupled with pH regulation. Continuous allochthonous DOM loading fundamentally altered DOM composition and controlled antibiotic fate through nonlinear processes, including sorption, complexation, and photochemical transformation, under strong external disturbances. These contrasting process regimes explain why antibiotic risk in RAS is more predictable and dominated by linear responses, whereas TAS showed dependence on nonlinear, context-dependent interactions, requiring both nonlinear and ensemble modeling frameworks. Our findings provide a mechanistic basis for system-specific risk assessment strategies and highlight the critical role of DOM source and system openness in shaping antibiotic ecological risk in aquaculture environments. Our analyses are based on observational field data; thus, identified associations suggest plausible drivers rather than confirmed causal mechanisms.

13. 题目: Impact of soil legacy on soil organic carbon partitioning in mangrove wetlands: a density-based fractionation and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study
文章编号: N26051409
期刊: Environmental Research
作者: Iroshaka Gregory Cooray, Gareth Chalmers, David Chittleborough
更新时间: 2026-05-14
摘要: Mangroves store a large proportion of their ecosystem C belowground in the form of soil organic carbon (SOC). Understanding the partitioning of mangrove SOC pool is important in order to explain the mechanistic responses to different environmental conditions and stressors. We separated the different SOC fractions from soils in a pristine mature mangrove forest, and an immature mangrove stand (described as young mangrove site in this study) under rehabilitation (previously degraded agricultural land) in Queensland, Australia, using density-based fractionation. Density-based separation resulted in three different SOC fractions: particulate organic carbon in a free-light fraction (POCf-LF), particulate organic carbon in an occluded-light fraction (POCo-LF), and mineral-associated organic carbon in a heavy fraction (MAOCHF). Mature mangroves had the highest C concentration per unit mass of soil in each fraction. MAOCHF dominated the SOC pool in both mature and young mangroves. However, a significantly higher POC:MAOC ratio in mature mangroves indicated that favourable conditions facilitated litter accumulation and burial. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses provided evidence for Al- and clay-mediated (aluminosilicates) stabilisation of SOC at the mineral-soil solution interface. In addition, mineral surface area occupied by organo-carbon species (MSA-OCS) obtained from XPS serves as an indicator to understand SOC dynamics in restoring coastal wetlands. Surface elemental compositions estimated using XPS also revealed that the aggerate stability improves as mangrove restoration continues. Therefore, XPS can be a useful tool to provide insights into soil carbon sequestration and stabilization processes in coastal wetlands.

14. 题目: Harnessing microbial resource Rhodopseudomonas palustris for saline-alkaline paddy soil amelioration: key role of extracellular polymeric substances
文章编号: N26051408
期刊: Bioresource Technology
作者: Yu Zhang, Weiwu Yu, Boyang Chen, Dongxue Lu, Rongbo Guo, Shanfei Fu
更新时间: 2026-05-14
摘要: Bioremediation offers an eco-friendly solution for soil salinization, yet few salt-alkali-tolerant microorganisms can adapt to redox fluctuations induced by wet-dry alternation in paddy soil. Rhodopseudomonas palustris (R. palustris) holds promise for addressing this challenge, while the mechanism is still poorly understood. This study established a microcosm experiment mimicking paddy wet-dry alternation by regulating redox conditions to investigate the mechanisms of R. palustris and its extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in soil amelioration. R. palustris adapted well to redox alternation and significantly reduced soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC) by 3–7% and 7–28%. In anaerobic phase, R. palustris secreted organic acids and promoted EPS synthesis, which directly complexed salt ions and drove soil acidification. Upon transition to aerobic conditions, it accumulated glycogen and polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) to sustain growth and EPS secretion. In the subsequent aerobic phase, EPS gradually transformed into amino acids, fulvic acid, and humic-like substances, as revealed by excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectra, thereby improving soil fertility. Metagenomic analysis further revealed R. palustris and its EPS reshaped the microbial community and regulated the expression of related functional genes. Collectively, this study demonstrates R. palustris serves as an effective microbial resource for sodic-saline paddy soil amelioration, with EPS acting as a key bioactive component that drives this process toward biotechnology-driven remediation strategies.

15. 题目: Antibiotic degradation in nano-biochar systems: Relationship between dissolved organic matter and environmentally persistent free radicals
文章编号: N26051407
期刊: Separation and Purification Technology
作者: Jing Zhao, Jiaqi Xu, Enxiu Liu, Yanzhuo Zhang, Xiaozhuan Zhang, Jianbiao Peng, Alexandr V Bildyukevich
更新时间: 2026-05-14
摘要: Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is inherently produced during biochar-based water purification. However, the role of DOM in the removal of organic pollutants remains underexplored. In this study, nano-biochar (NBC) and its associated DOM (NBC-DOM) effectively degraded antibiotics via peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. The degradation efficiencies of NBC and NBC-DOM were quantitatively analyzed. The results revealed that DOM contributed ~40.52% to the overall antibiotic degradation. Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) in DOM were identified as the main contributors to PMS activation. At all pyrolysis temperatures, EPFRs in DOM were detected at levels of 1.96 × 1015 to 2.74 × 1017 spins·g−1, which were sufficient to facilitate PMS activation and antibiotic degradation. A comparison of NBC and NBC-DOM stability revealed that freeze–thaw treatments reduced the antibiotic degradation efficiency of NBC-DOM owing to the decomposition of humus components in DOM. The degradation of three antibiotics by NBC-DOM and the associated intermediates and pathways were investigated through density-functional theory and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. These findings provide a basis for quantifying the contribution of DOM to antibiotic degradation in biochar systems.

16. 题目: Effect of biochar application method on soil NH3 volatilization and ureolytic microbial community in an upland soil
文章编号: N26051406
期刊: Applied Soil Ecology
作者: Juying Liu, Rui Zhao, Meiqi Zhang, Mingxia Pan, Xuedong Dai, Ning Yang, Qiang Sun, Tianyi He, Zhengfeng An, Osipiuk Karol, Zunqi Liu
更新时间: 2026-05-14
摘要: The volatilization of ammonia (NH3) is an important limitation to improving the use efficiency of nitrogen (N) fertilizer. Although biochar application has shown the potential to decrease the N losses in agroecosystems, the impact of different biochar application methods on NH₃ volatilization remains poorly understood. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms driving NH₃ losses, particularly from the perspective of ureolytic microorganisms, have not been well elucidated. In this work, a two-season field experiment was conducted in which biochar was applied to the topsoil (0–20 cm) by rotary tillage (RT) and to the subsurface soil (20–40 cm) by plow-tillage (PT) at incorporation rates of 0, 6, 12 t ha−1, respectively. The dynamics of NH3 volatilization and soil inorganic N concentrations during maize growth was determined, and the abundance and composition of the ureolytic microbial community were analyzed using qPCR and high-throughput sequencing of the ureC gene. The results showed that under RT, but not PT, biochar application increased cumulative NH3 volatilization losses by approximately 2-fold compared with the unamended soil in the first season, representing 9.50–9.78% of the applied N in the biochar-amended plots. During the second season, the average NH3 volatilization losses in biochar treatments under the RT system declined from 9.63% to 5.45% of the applied N. The abundance and diversity of the ureolytic microbial community were higher in biochar-amended soil than in unamended soil and decreased with the soil depth. Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between NH3 loss, urease activity and ureC gene abundance, indicating that biochar topsoil application promoted ureolytic microorganisms to produce more urease, further enhancing fertilizer N loss via NH3 volatilization. These findings demonstrate that biochar subsurface application by PT is a more effective approach than RT for suppressing NH3 volatilization. Furthermore, it is recommended to apply biochar intermittently (e.g., at 2- to 3-year intervals) rather than annually, as aged biochar exhibits a more moderate stimulatory effect on NH3 volatilization.

17. 题目: Combined application of straw and bio-organic fertilizer improved organic carbon sequestration efficiency and carbon pool management index of degraded Mollisol
文章编号: N26051405
期刊: Environmental Technology & Innovation
作者: Ximing Liu, Chang Zhang, Xiaolin Li, Song Cheng, Jinyao Yan, Jingchao Yuan, Jianzhao Liu, Yao Liang, Wei Fan, Hongguang Cai
更新时间: 2026-05-14
摘要: Application of bio-organic fertilizer is an important method for the restoration of carbon pool in degraded Mollisol. However, the changes in sequestration efficiency and carbon pool quality caused by the combined application of straw and different amounts of bio-organic fertilizer are still unclear. In this study, field experiments of straw returning and straw combined with low (SLM, 600 kg C ha−1) and high amount of bio-organic fertilizer (SHM, 2400 kg C ha−1) were carried out in Northeast China. The remediation effect of straw combined with bio-organic fertilizer on degraded Mollisol was evaluated by analyzing soil organic carbon components, carbon sequestration efficiency, carbon pool management index and microbial community changes. The results showed that SHM treatment achieved the highest carbon sequestration efficiency (29.9%) and increased carbon pool management index. Straw combined with high amount of bio-organic fertilizer treatment increased the richness of bacterial community, the activity of β-glucosidase and cellobiohydrolase, and up-regulated the fungal cofactor biosynthesis, promoting stable carbon accumulation by altering microbial metabolic pathways toward biosynthesis. Compared with the control group, the mineral-associated organic carbon and refractory organic carbon increased by 20.4% and 22.0%, respectively (P < 0.05). In contrast, straw combined with low amount of bio-organic fertilizer treatment reduced microbial diversity, and up-regulated the fermentation and TCA cycle, leading to carbon mineralization. In conclusion, straw combined with high amount of bio-organic fertilizer can promote stable carbon pool accumulation by regulating microbial community structure and metabolic function, thus effectively improving the carbon sequestration potential and quality of degraded Mollisol.

18. 题目: Impact of CODMn gradients on element cycling in a membrane-aeration combined with bacteria–algae symbiosis system for mariculture wastewater treatment
文章编号: N26051404
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Yingzhen Wei, Muhammad Naeem Ramzan, Wen Yang, Zhongming Zheng
更新时间: 2026-05-14
摘要: The membrane-aeration combined with bacteria - algae symbiosis (MABA) system represents a novel approach for treating mariculture wastewater. mariculture wastewater. Element cycling genes were quantitatively assessed via gene chip analysis, with system mechanisms elucidated through correlations among microbial communities, functional genes, and water quality parameters. The results showed that all three CODMn concentrations groups — low (L - CODMn), medium (M - CODMn), and high (H - CODMn) — maintained low concentrations of NH4+-N and PO43--P. The M-CODMn group enriched methane metabolism genes (mmoX, pmoA) and carbon degradation genes (abfA). It was speculated that M had higher potential for organic carbon transformation and removed more than 50% of CODMn. The abundance of denitrification genes was higher in M-CODMn group, which may promote the consumption of NO2--N. The M-CODMn group exhibited the highest abundance of element cycling genes, the most cohesive microbial community structure, and the shortest average path length within the co-occurrence network. Multiple microbial taxa collectively mediated the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur, revealing strong functional coupling among these biogeochemical cycles. This study aims to elucidate element cycling dynamics in the MABA system to inform process optimization and technological scaling.

19. 题目: Frequency-controlled microwave fields unlock low-temperature biochar gasification
文章编号: N26051403
期刊: Bioresource Technology
作者: Mengyuan Wen, Wei Liao, Shule Wang, Xianzhi Meng, Jia Wang, Jianchun Jiang, Arthur J Ragauskas
更新时间: 2026-05-14
摘要: Steam gasification of biomass-derived biochar is a promising route for green syngas production but is intrinsically constrained by a high activation barrier, typically requiring temperatures above 850 °C. Here, we demonstrate that variable-frequency microwave (VFM) fields can reshape the reaction energetics of the steam–carbon reaction. At a fixed microwave power of 100 W, efficient gasification of coconut-shell biochar occurs at 510–640 °C, a temperature range where conventionally heated fixed-bed reactors remain inactive. Under quasi-isothermal conditions at approximately 580 °C, distinct gasification rates are observed at different microwave frequencies, with 3705 MHz resulting in significantly higher H2 and CO formation rates than 4530 MHz. At 3705 MHz, H2 and CO production rates reach 35.01 and 32.75 mmol gC−1h−1, with a carbon conversion of ∼ 44 % after 1 h, whereas 4530 MHz yields considerably lower rates of 25.58 and 21.78 mmol gC−1h−1, respectively. Reactive molecular dynamics simulations reveal that at favorable frequencies, microwave fields promote interfacial water dipole alignment and H2O dissociation, reducing the apparent activation energy from 138.05 to 72.85 kJ mol−1. These results identify variable-frequency microwave fields as an innovative external-field paradigm for engineering reaction energy barriers and enabling low-temperature steam gasification.

20. 题目: Biochar derived from tea processing waste residue improves the performance of tea seedlings growing in aluminium (Al3+) enriched soil: A comprehensive analysis of stress responses and metabolic flux
文章编号: N26051402
期刊: Bioresource Technology
作者: Seuj Priya Borah, Sarifa Regina Fernandes, Chira Ranja Bhattacharjee, Narendra Nath Ghosh, Santosh Kumar, Aparna Gupta, Rakesh Kumar Ranjan, Sayak Das, Shuvasish Choudhury
更新时间: 2026-05-14
摘要: The conversion of agro-waste into biochar is a sustainable approach that aligns with the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In this study, tea processing waste was converted to biochar and subsequently applied to evaluate stress mitigation in tea seedlings growing in aluminium (Al3+) enriched soils. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, supported by spectroscopic studies and complementary analytical techniques such as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, revealed that the as-prepared biochar is a highly activated microporous carbonized material with a network of channels suitable for the adsorption of inorganic ions. The biochar supplementation regulated soil pH, reduced exchangeable Al levels, and possessed high cation exchange capacity (CEC). Supplementing soils enriched with Al3+ using biochar substantially improved the growth and overall performance of tea seedlings, as evidenced by varying levels of photosynthetic pigments, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and oxidative stress markers, including malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonylated proteins. Biochar supplementation also increased antioxidant metabolism in tea seedlings, thereby enhancing ROS scavenging and ameliorating Al3+-induced oxidative stress. The biochar-mediated stress mitigation could also be attributed to a substantial decline in Al3+ accumulation, in tandem with enhanced ionic homeostasis in the leaves and roots of tea seedlings, compared with those under Al3+ stress without biochar amendment. The metabolomic analysis also revealed that biochar supplementation influenced the metabolic pool during Al3+ stress, as evidenced by the upregulation of specific metabolites. The study demonstrated that tea-processing waste-derived biochar effectively mitigated Al3+ stress in tea saplings.