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1. 题目: Migration of dissolved organic matters in riparian soils induced by rainfall: distribution between surface and subsurface runoffs
文章编号: N25121409
期刊: Environmental Research
作者: Chang Liu, Lin Li, Yue Zhi, Yinying Zhu, Teng Hu, Qiang He
更新时间: 2025-12-14
摘要: The riparian runoff plays a crucial role in transporting terrestrial carbon to surface water, slope gradient and land-use type could impose significant effect on the output pattern of dissolved organic matter (DOM). However, the quantity and composition distribution of DOM in surface and subsurface runoffs are still not fully elucidated. This study systematically investigated the DOM migration behavior during artificial rainfall under different slope gradients and land-use types. The average dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in both surface and subsurface runoffs are 13.89-48.17 mg/L (wild grassland), 16.39-30.11 mg/L (agriculture land), and 5.66-22.51 mg/L (bare land), respectively. Agriculture land runoff exhibited 2.6-8.2 times higher dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) concentrations than wild grassland and bare land, highlighting its important role in non-point pollution. As the slope gradient increased, the surface and subsurface runoffs tended to carry more bioavailable organics into the rivers, especially the agriculture land. Surface runoff showed a higher proportion of protein-like organics and lower humification degree, suggesting that it is more influenced by soil microbial activities. In contrast, subsurface runoff exhibited higher humification degree, indicating that its DOM originates primarily from the decay of plant residues. The protein-like substances produced by microbial metabolic activities in surface runoff are likely the primary contributors to its higher DON concentration. Compared to subsurface runoff, the DOM in surface runoff is more closely related to soil microbial community structures.

2. 题目: Unveiling the hidden roles of microplastic-derived dissolved organic matter in membrane fouling using fluorescence and stable carbon isotope tracers
文章编号: N25121408
期刊: Water Research
作者: Rabia Zafar, Zeshan Arshad, Yun Kyung Lee, Min-Seob Kim, Jin Hur
更新时间: 2025-12-14
摘要: Microplastic-derived dissolved organic matter (MP-DOM), released during the weathering and aging of microplastics (MPs), has emerged as a poorly constrained class of organic foulants in water and wastewater treatment systems. However, its mechanistic role in membrane fouling and its quantitative separation from coexisting effluent organic matter (EfOM) remain largely unexplored. This study systematically investigated the role of MP-DOM in fouling dynamics and identified optimal tracers for quantifying its contribution relative to effluent organic matter (EfOM) during ultrafiltration (UF). Mixtures of δ13C-labeled EfOM and three representative MP-DOMs, including polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), and polylactic acid (PLA), were examined across a 3–50% MP-DOM gradient. Several optical indices, including humification index and fluorescence index, and stable carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) were compared for their ability to trace MP-DOM in reversible (RF) and irreversible foulants (IF). Among all tested parameters, δ13C consistently met the evaluation criteria, outperforming optical tracers in accuracy, sensitivity, and cross-polymer applicability. δ13C-based source apportionment revealed that even at 3% MP-DOM, its contribution to IF (9.5–13.5%) was significant and exceeded ideal mixing predictions. With increasing MP-DOM content, the synergistic effect remained strongly positive for irreversible fouling while shifted from positive to negative for reversible fouling, indicating a mechanistic shift from EfOM-dominated reversible to MP-DOM-driven irreversible fouling. The enhancement was most pronounced for petroleum-based MP-DOMs (PE- and PS-DOM), driven by their humic-like and hydrophobic fractions that enhance adsorption and pore blocking, compared to PLA-DOM. Overall, the δ13C tracer proved to be a robust, source-specific indicator for quantifying MP-DOM in fouling layers, offering new mechanistic insights into how MP-DOM alters fouling behaviour and degrades membrane performance in wastewater treatment systems.

3. 题目: Autochthonous particulate organic carbon drives extreme carbon fluxes in river-reservoir systems: Potential role of interactions between picophytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria
文章编号: N25121407
期刊: Water Research
作者: Fang Luo, Zhe Li, Dianchang Wang, Qiong Tang, Yan Xiao, Lunhui Lu, Xinghua Wu
更新时间: 2025-12-14
摘要: Reservoir ecosystems are significant natural sources of atmospheric methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), while also receiving large amounts of nutrients and particulate organic carbon (POC) from various sources. Ecosystem-level events, such as variations in microbial community composition or abundance, can substantially contribute to the occurrence of extremes in carbon (CH4 and CO2) concentrations and fluxes. The trophic linkage between picophytoplankton (PP) and heterotrophic bacteria (HB) plays a vital role in regulating POC, thereby shaping patterns of carbon emissions in aquatic systems. However, the effects of their interactions on the dynamics of extreme carbon emissions in river-reservoir systems remain poorly understood. In this study, five reservoirs with different trophic states (Trophic level index: 33.91-70.81) in the upper Yangtze River were selected to identify the source of POC driving extreme carbon emissions and to explore PP-HB interactions. CH4 concentrations were 0.00-0.12 and 0.13-0.33 μmol·L−1 in the Normal and Extremely High Groups, respectively; CO2 concentrations were 8.46-18.01, 24.28-64.63, and 71.92-92.74 μmol·L−1 in the Extremely Low, Normal, and Extremely High Groups, respectively. The evidence from isotope analysis showed that the extreme carbon fluxes were strongly influenced by autochthonous rather than allochthonous POC. Network analysis showed that the positive interaction strength between phytoplankton and bacterioplankton was higher in the Extremely High or Extremely Low Groups than in the Normal Groups of CH4 and CO2 concentrations. The results of the structural equation modeling showed that PP-HB interaction strongly drove the extreme CH4 and CO2 concentrations. These findings highlight the importance of PP and HB in extreme carbon emissions, and we hope our study can provide important implications for integrating PP-HB interactions into predicting extreme carbon emissions in river-reservoir ecosystems.

4. 题目: Novel boron-doped biochar based on the activation of sodium bicarbonate for efficient removal of tetracycline hydrochloride: Insight into the pivotal roles of boron and sodium bicarbonate
文章编号: N25121406
期刊: Separation and Purification Technology
作者: Shouhui Zhao, Zichen Qin, Yuan Qin, Weijie Zhu, Jinwei Zhang, Yan Li, Yijun Shen, Pengyao Guo, Chun Yang, Hairuo Sun, Zhiqiang Dong, Dongxiao Sun, Lei Ding
更新时间: 2025-12-14
摘要: A novel boron-modified biochar was prepared via one-step pyrolysis using loofah as a precursor (B@SBC), with boric acid as a dopant and sodium bicarbonate as an activator for enhanced tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) adsorption. B@SBC achieved 520.9 mg·g−1 TC adsorption capacity demonstrating exceptional removal performance. Experimental and characterization analysis revealed that the mesopore filling and π-π electron donor-acceptor (π-π EDA) interaction played dominant roles in the adsorption of TC. Boron doping was essential for creating the mesoporous structure. Furthermore, DFT calculations revealed that the resultant BCO₂ species acted an electron-withdrawing group, significantly enhancing the π-π EDA interaction between B@SBC and TC. Notably, the introduction of sodium bicarbonate effectively transformed BC₂O/BC₃ groups into BCO₂ by providing sufficient oxygen. Moreover, B@SBC exhibited a wide effective pH range (3.0–9.0), good tolerance toward coexisting anions and cations, and excellent performance in real water samples. Adsorption column experiments further demonstrated the strong adaptability of B@SBC for practical water environments. These findings may provide a theoretical basis for developing boron-doped biochar formulations and strategies for TC removal.

5. 题目: Combined effect of assisted Bioaugmentation and Biochar incorporation on Olive Mill Wastewater sludge composting.
文章编号: N25121405
期刊: Environmental Pollution
作者: Miguel Ángel Mira-Urios, M R Martínez-Gallardo, José A Sáez, Francisco Javier Andreu-Rodríguez, Luciano Orden, A J Toribio, Z E Blesa-Marco, Encarnación Martínez-Sabater, María Dolores Pérez-Murcia, F Suárez-Estrella, Raúl Moral
更新时间: 2025-12-14
摘要: The main environmental issue of the olive oil agro-industry has been the disposal of olive mill wastewater (OMW) due to its recalcitrant characteristics. This study aimed to assess the potential of co-composting combined with assisted Bioaugmentation and Biochar application (5 % f.w.) as a treatment technique for OMW. For this purpose, two different co-composting mixture with increasing amount of OMW (Mixture A 30% f.w.- Mixture B 50% f.w.) were prepared and composted under commercial conditions. The results showed that assisted Bioaugmentation led to a greater reduction in phenolic compounds and phytotoxicity, and improved the microbial profile. The use of biochar did not alter the evolution of the process, however, the assessment of greenhouse gas emissions revealed a reduction in N2O (-19.4%) and CH4 (-25.4%) emissions and in the overall global warming potential (GWP) of the process, although an increase in NH3 (+9.7%) emission were observed. Finally, the combined use of biochar and Bioaugmentation produced a synergistic effect in Mixture B leading enhanced organic matter degradation (+ 5%) in this recalcitrant environment.

6. 题目: Gasification kinetics of biochar from walnut shell rapid pyrolysis catalyzed by calcium aluminate
文章编号: N25121404
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Liang Zhang, Bing Wang
更新时间: 2025-12-14
摘要: The CO2 gasification characteristics of walnut shell (WS)-derived biochar were systematically investigated under the catalytic effects of calcium aluminate (CA) and its constituent metal oxides (CaO and Al2O3). Elevated temperatures significantly enhanced the gasification rate and the catalytic effect of CA on biochar gasification was progressively improved with increasing temperatures. The gasification activity parameters (R0.5 and R0.9) confirmed that CA exhibited the second highest catalytic activity, surpassed only by CaO, in promoting the gasification reaction. The distributed activation energy model (DAEM) and three model-fitting methods, volume reaction model (VRM), shrinking core model (SCM), and random pore model (RPM), were employed to calculate the gasification kinetic parameters of biochars. Random pore model achieved the optimal fitting performance, and the calculated gasification reaction activation energies for N-WS, CA-WS, CaO-WS and Al2O3-WS were 119.609, 115.567, 113.249 and 134.185 kJ/mol, respectively. The incorporation of CA significantly enhanced the gasification reactivity of biochar. Raman results revealed that CA effectively promoted the transformation of graphitic structures into amorphous structures. The resultant increase in structural disorder was identified as a key factor responsible for the improvement in biochar gasification reactivity.

7. 题目: Limited recovery of soil organic matter composition in fen peatlands after rewetting
文章编号: N25121403
期刊: Geoderma
作者: Keunbae Kim, Judith Schellekens, Willem-Jan Emsens, Rudy van Diggelen, Camiel Aggenbach, Erik Verbruggen, Yvonne Liczner, Agata Klimkowska, Franziska Tanneberger, Wiktor Kotowski, María Jesús Iglesias Briones, Boris Jansen, Karen Vancampenhout
更新时间: 2025-12-14
摘要: Approximately half of Europe’s peatlands have been extensively drained for agriculture, forestry, and peat extraction, with lowland fens disproportionately affected due to their high nutrient availability and productivity post-drainage. Peatland rewetting has gained importance as a strategy to mitigate carbon losses and restore biodiversity; however, its effectiveness in reestablishing below-ground processes remains uncertain. Soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics play a crucial role in peatland restoration outcomes, influencing peat structural integrity and hydrological properties, as well as the availability of substrates and nutrients for microbial and plant communities. Here, we present a Europe-wide assessment of the effects of fen drainage and rewetting on SOM molecular composition, analyzing fens with contrasting hydrological status (undrained, drained, and rewetted) across three depths (0 − 5, 15 − 20, and 45 − 50 cm) using pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). Despite considerable variability induced by site-specific heterogeneity, the molecular composition of undrained fens clearly reflected the dominant contributions of sedges, grasses, and brown mosses to peat formation in fens, with characteristic stratification. Drainage consistently led to a decline in components from plant biopolymers (carbohydrates and lignins) across sites, and an increase in microbially altered compounds (N-compounds, benzenes, and aliphatics), with the most pronounced effects at intermediate depths (15 − 20 cm). Rewetting partially reversed these alterations, with some fens exhibiting a shift in molecular composition reverting toward undrained conditions, particularly in sites rewetted for longer periods. However, significant differences remained between rewetted and undrained fens. Our findings suggest that while rewetting over time can facilitate partial recovery of carbon dynamics, the below-ground legacy of drainage-induced alterations can persist, at least for a timescale of several decades.

8. 题目: Soil organic carbon availability determines the role of crop straws in regulating N2O emissions from maize agroecosystems
文章编号: N25121402
期刊: Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment
作者: Nan Zhang, Zengming Chen, Ye Li, Shiqi Xu, Shujie Miao, Yunfa Qiao, Weixin Ding
更新时间: 2025-12-14
摘要: Straw return enhances soil quality and cropland sustainability but increases risks of inducing larger nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions due to the simultaneous input of carbon and nitrogen (N). However, the response of N2O emissions to straw remains controversial, depending on the management-driven dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC), especially its availability. Here, two fields with the same SOC quantity but distinct availability (HCA and LCA, i.e., high vs. low lability) were established with a factorial design of fertilization and straw, to track the straw decomposition, N2O fluxes, available substrates, and N-cycling microbes. Furthermore, a meta-analysis was integrated with the field experiments to decipher how SOC availability regulates N2O emissions responding to straw returning. Meta-analysis revealed that SOC availability mediates the effect of straw return on N2O emissions from maize agroecosystems, with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) identified as the primary regulator of response direction and magnitude, and exhibits a negative correlation with N2O emission response. Consistently, our field experiments showed that straw incorporation combined with fertilization significantly reduced N2O emissions by 22 % in HCA soils but increased emissions by 55 % in LCA soils. Straw incorporation into HCA facilitated bacterial growth while reducing AOB abundance and ammonium supply, suggesting restricted nitrification due to promotion of N immobilization, which ultimately suppressed N2O emissions. Conversely, straw in LCA soils exhibited a faster decomposition rate and stimulated denitrifiers (nirS and nirK) metabolism by increasing DOC concentration and biodegradability, leading to increased N2O emissions. Consequently, the fertilizer-induced N2O emission factor decreased from 1.53 % to 1.11 % by straw for HCA, while increased from 0.67 % to 1.19 % for LCA. Overall, these findings highlight that SOC availability determines the direction and magnitude of straw’s impact on N2O emissions, which should be fully considered into sustainable straw management strategies to balance SOC improvement against climate change.

9. 题目: Ca2+ Binding to Soluble Extracellular Polymeric Substances Promotes Loosening of Microcystis colonies Under High Ca2+ Conditions
文章编号: N25121401
期刊: Harmful Algae
作者: Ping Zhang, Caihong Qin, Chao Xiong, Xinyue Li, Bin Yan, Xuemei Chen, Han Wang, Kai Li, Yan Xiao
更新时间: 2025-12-14
摘要: Colony formation is crucial for the development of Microcystis blooms, which pose a significant ecological challenge on a global scale. Previous studies have demonstrated that bound extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play a vital role in the colony formation process. However, the influence of the coexisting soluble EPS (S-EPS) on Microcystis colony formation remains unclear. This study investigated the effect of S-EPS on the colony formation of Microcystis induced by high concentrations of Ca2+. The results indicated that the combined treatment of S-EPS (100 mg/L) and Ca2+ (200 mg/L) resulted in loosely bound Microcystis colonies, in contrast to the dense colonies induced by 200 mg/L Ca2+. In contrast, no colonies were formed when the Microcystis cells were treated with S-EPS alone. In addition, the incorporation of 100 mg/L of S-EPS into 200 mg/L Ca2+-treated Microcystis cells reduced the cell zeta potential by 2.09 mV and decreased surface hydrophobicity, as indicated by a 1.60° increase in the water contact angle that increased the interaction energy among Microcystis cells. The energy barrier increased from 293.32 KT in the 200 mg/L Ca2+ treatment groups to 538.10 KT following the introduction of 100 mg/L S-EPS, indicating a reduced propensity for colony formation after S-EPS addition. Further studies indicated that Ca2+ in the inoculum exhibited a strong binding capacity with the O−H groups of polysaccharides (KM = 0.032 ± 0.004), C=C stretching of aromatics (KM = 0.022 ± 0.003) and tryptophan-like proteins (KM = 0.013 ± 0.001) from S-EPS. This resulted in extensive networks and lower free Ca2+ concentrations that reduced the bound EPS secretion by approximately 0.15 pg/cell compared to that with a Ca2+ concentration of 200 mg/L. This study provides new insights into the mechanism of colony formation in Microcystis.

10. 题目: Structurally Integrated Lignin-Derived Biochar/CuFeO2 Aerogel for Salt-Resistant Solar-Driven Interfacial Evaporation and Wastewater Purification
文章编号: N25121315
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Yaopeng Pu, Na Jin, Yuyu Wang, Yulong Ma, Feng Lin, Yonggang Sun
更新时间: 2025-12-13
摘要: The growing scarcity of freshwater demands sustainable and efficient purification technologies. Although solar-driven interfacial evaporation offers a low-energy solution, existing photothermal materials frequently suffer from limited light absorption, salt accumulation, and limited functionality. To address these challenges, we designed and fabricated a bifunctional bilayer aerogel evaporator using lignin-derived biochar and cellulose. The fabricated evaporator comprised a bottom hydrophilic cellulose aerogel for efficient water transport and a top carbonized lignin layer, which demonstrated broad-spectrum light absorption (>89%) and effective solar-to-thermal conversion. Furthermore, CuFeO₂ photocatalysts were integrated onto the biochar via hydrothermal synthesis, endowing the evaporator with pollutant degradation capability. This performance is attributed to the strong interfacial electron transfer between the multi-metal redox cycle and the carbon carrier. Under 1 kW m^-2 irradiation, the device achieved a 2.19 kg m^-2 h^-1 evaporation rate and 94.52% solar-to-vapor efficiency, alongside robust salt resistance and a 78.4% tetracycline degradation rate. Outdoor tests confirmed that the evaporator retained a high evaporation rate of 2.06 kg m^-2 h^-1 and degraded 92.1% of pollutants in wastewater under actual, low-intensity sunlight, thereby underscoring its practical potential. This work therefore presents an integrated design that offers a promising strategy for efficient solar water purification and wastewater treatment.

11. 题目: Unveiling the Black Box: Multi-Omics Reveal How Biochar Supercharges Synthetic Biofilms for Superior Bioremediation
文章编号: N25121314
期刊: Journal of Hazardous Materials
作者: Bo Zhang, Xiaoying Hu, Lu Han, Zhen Guo, Yongqi Liu, Huiyao Li, Yuze He, Tianyu Liu, Qingyuan Pan, Yi Mu, Jianhua Qu, Hongqi Yu, Ao Shen, Wanyu Zhao, Tanrong Ma, Weiwen Tan, Ying Zhang
更新时间: 2025-12-13
摘要: Biofilms formed by flora can be sustainably applied in a variety of fields such as bioremediation, wastewater treatment, corrosion prevention, and agricultural production. However, highly practical biofilms often result in low microbial activity, due to undesired impacts including environmental stress and microbial competition. Leveraging the advantages of carrier materials, we aimed to enhance the degradation efficiency and resilience of biofilms by integrating biochar. In this study, the biochar with excellent economic benefits and adsorption capacity was prepared and selected as the carrier material. The growth characteristics, pollutant removal performance, and nutrient cycling within biochar-based biofilms were systematically investigated. The result validated the pollutant remediation efficiency of biofilms increased by 14%~18% after adding biochar, and found a positive nutrient cycling existing within the biochar-based biofilms. Subsequently, the enhanced remediation mechanisms of biochar-based biofilms at the molecular level were explored through metagenomic and metabolomic analyses. Our results indicate superior strengths of biochar-based biofilms in both metabolic activity and beneficial genes compared to monocultured biofilms. This study aims to improve the stability of biofilms formed by functional flora and reveal their potential in bioremediation for contaminants.

12. 题目: Unveiling modified montmorillonite enhancing the remediation ability of biochar for phthalate ester and Cd co-contaminated soil using an explainable machine learning approach
文章编号: N25121313
期刊: Journal of Hazardous Materials
作者: Wenjie Li, Xuwen Chen, Wanting Ling, Chao Qin, Yanzheng Gao
更新时间: 2025-12-13
摘要: The integration of sulfhydryl-modified montmorillonite (MMT-SH) with biochar (BC) shows significant promise for remediating phthalate esters (PAEs) and Cd co-contaminated soil. However, the synergistic remediation mechanism of composites in contaminated soil has not been thoroughly investigated. In this work, the EconML model together with the SHAP method was employed to evaluate the remediation ability and underlying mechanism of BC and MMT-SH composites. The results indicated that the composites enhanced the synergistic removal of ΣPAEs and exchangeable Cd, up to 45.89% and 60.36%, respectively, while also facilitating the conversion of pollutants from free to bound forms. Among them, composites with a lower proportion of MMT-SH increased the stability of the soil bacterial community, alleviated the negative effect of biochar on soil bacterial community richness, and increased the relative abundance of bacteria related to soil element cycling and pollutant remediation. In addition, a higher C/N ratio (> 54.18) exerted a significant positive effect on the synergistic remediation ability of composites, serving as the primary predictive feature for remediation ability. Clay content and sobs were identified as auxiliary and supplementary features in actual environmental treatment. This study represents a novel attempt to employ machine learning methods in explaining and guiding the preparation and application of biochar-based composites for remediating organic and inorganic co-contaminated soil, which holds great significance for environmental protection.

13. 题目: High Contribution of Secondary Formation to Brown Carbon in China Humid Haze: Enhancing Role of Ammonia and Amines
文章编号: N25121312
期刊: Environmental Science & Technology
作者: Binyu Xiao, Gehui Wang, Zheng Li, Rongjie Li, Chenlong Liang, Haoyang Wang, Si Zhang, Can Wu, Rui Li, Fan Zhang, Renjian Zhang, Yunfei Wu, Lei Zhang
更新时间: 2025-12-13
摘要: To better understand the sources and formation mechanisms of atmospheric brown carbon (BrC) in China haze, an intensive field observation was conducted in the North China Plain (NCP) during the 2023 winter. Our results showed that compared to that (28%) in dry haze, the contribution of secondary formation to BrC was significantly enhanced during humid haze, accounting for 46% of BrC production with the aqueous-phase reaction as the dominant formation pathway. The strong correlations between light absorption at λ_365nm and water-soluble organic nitrogen compounds, particularly imidazoles (IMs), indicated a key role of nitrogen-containing organic compounds in the aqueous-phase BrC formation process. In the humid haze, IMs are largely produced by liquid-phase reactions of carbonyls with amines and free ammonia (NH₃(aq)), which accounted for 57% of the total IMs in the humid haze events. Amines produced IMs more efficiently and less pH dependent than NH₃(aq), with alkyl IMs and oxidized IMs being their products, respectively. Both types of BrC increased with increasing levels of amines and NH₃(aq) during humid haze, suggesting their enhancing roles in BrC formation in China haze, which should be accounted for by models for better simulating the physicochemical characteristics and climate effects of atmospheric BrC.

14. 题目: Copper Nanoparticles Atomized into Zerovalent Copper Single Atoms at Water/Mineral Interfaces Mediated by ortho-Phenolic Hydroxyl of Dissolved Organic Matter
文章编号: N25121311
期刊: Environmental Science & Technology
作者: Haibin Li, Yina Guan, Chunguang Liu, Site Han, Yating Zhang, Lingshuai Kong, Jinhua Zhan
更新时间: 2025-12-13
摘要: The interaction of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) from anthropogenic and natural sources in the environment with dissolved organic matter (DOM) governs their occurrence, fate, and transportation. Here, we report that DOM can mediate CuNP transformation into atomically dispersed zerovalent copper single atoms (Cu⁰-SAs) at water/mineral interfaces. The mechanism proposes that the ortho-phenolic hydroxyl of DOM likely forms the five-membered ring structure with copper atoms on the CuNP surface, inducing inner-sphere electron transfer to weaken Cu–Cu bonds and enabling the liberation of Cu⁰-SAs and stabilization via Cu–O bonds on natural mineral surfaces, which diverges fundamentally from the conventional dissolution process. Cu⁰-SAs represent a paradoxical species that exhibit both relatively high environmental toxicity and stability, combining enhanced bactericidal activity, decreased copper ion leaching compared with parent CuNPs, and resistance to aggregation under reducing conditions. This study unveils an unreported CuNP transformation process in the environment, demonstrating Cu⁰-SAs as an emerging yet significant copper species. Our findings should be helpful for better understanding the fate, migration, and toxicity of copper in the ecosystem by identifying atomic-level copper intermediates.

15. 题目: Tailored biochar amendments enhance cadmium immobilization via microbial community modulation and soil biotransformation processes
文章编号: N25121310
期刊: Journal of Cleaner Production
作者: Runqiu Feng, Mengxuan He, Lingyue Lv, Ziyue Shi, Wei Zhang, Jie Liu
更新时间: 2025-12-13
摘要: Biochar is increasingly applied to remediate cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soils, yet the microbial mechanisms by which biochar governs Cd speciation remain insufficiently resolved. Here, we evaluated three structurally and chemically distinct biochars—Juglans regia, Flaveria bidentis, and Spartina alterniflora—applied at 1 %, 3 %, and 5 % to coastal saline–alkali soil to elucidate how biochar-driven microbiome reassembly contributes to Cd immobilization. Biochar amendments significantly reshaped bacterial and fungal diversity, with bacterial communities showing greater sensitivity to salinity- and nutrient-mediated stresses. The low-ash J. regia biochar enhanced α-diversity and microhabitat quality, fostering stable functional guilds that supported predictable Cd biotransformation. In contrast, high-ash, ion-releasing F. bidentis and S. alterniflora biochars intensified osmotic and stoichiometric pressures, promoting deterministic assembly and enriching stress-tolerant, Cd-resistant taxa despite reduced overall diversity. Across treatments, biochar was associated with shifts toward microbial taxa predicted to encode pathways related to extracellular polymeric substance production, siderophore biosynthesis, and biofilm formation, which are potentially linked to Cd chelation and detoxification. KEGG-based predictions further revealed strengthened pathways related to lipid biosynthesis, membrane reinforcement, and stress resilience, indicating functional reprogramming of microbial metabolism under Cd exposure. Cd fractionation analyses confirmed substantial reductions in bioavailable Cd following amendment. Collectively, these results demonstrate that tailored feedstock selection can strategically couple biochar's physicochemical properties with microbiome-mediated detoxification to optimize Cd remediation in saline–alkali soils.

16. 题目: Pyrolysis of sewage sludge in molten salt environment: Effects on heavy metals distribution and environmental risks in biochar
文章编号: N25121309
期刊: Journal of Cleaner Production
作者: Zeyu Fan, Qi Lu, Xian Zhou, Wei Han, Yuanyi Wang, Zhuo Fan Gao, Ziling Peng, Xia Chen
更新时间: 2025-12-13
摘要: Pyrolysis of sewage sludge (SS) in molten salt environments enhances SS conversion efficiency and improves biochar quality; however, the impacts on heavy metals (HMs) require clarification. This study investigates HMs distribution (As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Mn, Cd, Zn) and ecological risks in biochar from SS with contrasting HMs levels pyrolyzed at 500 °C under alkali molten carbonate (MC) and molten chloride (MCH) systems. The mechanisms underlying HMs stabilization were also elucidated. Compared to N₂ pyrolysis, Cd, As, Cu, Ni, Zn, and Mn exhibited migration tendencies toward molten salts. The MC system facilitated the transformation of all HMs into more stable speciation (F3, F4), while the MCH system achieved similar stabilization for all HMs except Mn. MC system has excellent HMs immobilization effects, which benefits from features such as an alkaline environment, enhanced biochar pores, and silicate formation. Overall, molten salt pyrolysis reduced the potential ecological risk of HMs in SS biochar, with risk index (RI) values for MC-derived biochars dropping to 33.6 and 52.6. These results highlight the critical role of molten salt pyrolysis in producing SS biochar with low ecological risks, providing theoretical insights into HMs behavior regulation in molten salt systems and advancing the resource utilization of SS-derived products.

17. 题目: Submicron biochar induces developmental toxicity, oxidative stress, and DNA damage in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
文章编号: N25121308
期刊: Chemosphere
作者: Anying Chen, Bing Wang, Ping Li, Qianwei Feng, Rui Wang
更新时间: 2025-12-13
摘要: Submicron biochar (submicron-BC) has been widely used in various fields for environmental pollution remediation due to its excellent physicochemical properties. However, its application may cause adverse effects on the environment and aquatic organisms. To investigate the effects of submicron-BC on aquatic organisms, different organic solid wastes were used as feedstocks to produce submicron-BC, and zebrafish was selected as the target test organism. According to the embryonic development experiment, ball-milled sawdust biochar (BSB) prepared at 450 °C was identified as the most toxic submicron-BC. The characterization results by atomic force microscope and scanning electron microscope showed that BSB had irregular spherical surfaces. The embryos were treated with BSB (1,10, and 100 mg/L) for 96 h Its effects on the embryonic development of zebrafish were concentration-dependent and time-dependent. Specifically, BSB led to decreased survival rates, hatching rates, and body length. With the increasing of the concentrations (1,10, and 100 mg/L) and exposure time (1,4, and 7 d) of BSB, the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase initially increased and then decreased, while the content of malondialdehyde continued to rise in adult zebrafish. Comet analysis also showed that BSB caused dose-dependent DNA damage in the liver and gills of adult zebrafish. Humic acid could reduce the content of persistent free radicals in BSB, thus alleviating the toxicity of BSB to the embryo. This work provides a basis for exploring the toxic mechanism and environmental risk assessment of submicron-BC in aquatic ecosystems.

18. 题目: A novel partitioned anaerobic membrane bioreactor integrated with ferromagnetic biochar for complex pesticide wastewater: Mass balance, membrane fouling mitigation, energy footprint, and life cycle assessment
文章编号: N25121307
期刊: Environmental Research
作者: Yifan Wang, Liwen Jiang, Dongxue Hu, Shiming Cui, Bei Jiang, Hui Ge, Shuya Zhuang, Jitao Yan, Zihan Wang, Pengcheng Zhang, Zhaobo Chen
更新时间: 2025-12-13
摘要: Owing to the complex composition and toxicity of pesticide wastewater, conventional anaerobic membrane bioreactor (CAnMBR) operated at low temperatures faces increased energy demand and exacerbated membrane fouling. This study developed an innovative hybrid anaerobic membrane bioreactor (HAnMBR) that integrates a partitioned up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket, an external membrane module, and ferromagnetic biochar. Mass balances, membrane-fouling mitigation, energy footprint, and life cycle assessment (LCA) were investigated in both reactors under varying organic and hydraulic loading rates (OLR and HLR). Relative to the CAnMBR, the HAnMBR exhibited an 8.5% increase in the fraction converted to CH4 and a 17.1% decrease in the fraction converted to sludge, based on the mass balance. The carbon reduction rates were calculated to be -21.4% for CAnMBR and -52.8% for HAnMBR. The HAnMBR achieved a total energy yield of 6.18 kWh·m-3, 2.78 times that of the CAnMBR. Moreover, the concentrations of soluble microbial products (SMP) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) decreased by 2.9-33.9% and 30.7-40.6%, respectively. At a transmembrane pressure (TMP) endpoint of 80 kPa, the membrane cleaning interval of the HAnMBR was extended by 18.5-35.1%. Energy recovery was substantially enhanced, with the maximum average CH4 production reaching 3.0 L/d and dissolved CH4 content decreasing by 58.0%, combined with a 14.9% increase in the maximum CH4 component. Finally, the LCA corroborated that the HAnMBR provides a promising route toward sustainable wastewater treatment through lower carbon emissions coupled with greater energy recovery.

19. 题目: Colored dissolved organic matter estimation using Sentinel-2 imagery in small-scale reservoir: Classification and regression-based data resampling approaches
文章编号: N25121306
期刊: Environmental Research
作者: Jinuk Kim, Jin Hwi Kim, Wonjin Jang, Yonggwan Lee, Yong-Gu Lee, Kangmin Chon, Kyung Hwa Cho, Yongeun Park, Seongjoon Kim
更新时间: 2025-12-13
摘要: Imbalanced datasets represent a significant challenge in accurately estimating Colored Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) concentrations in aquatic environments. This study integrates machine learning models with synthetic data generated via classification- and regression-based techniques. Five input variables—Band4/Band5, Band5/Band1, Band5/Band3, Band2/Band5, and Band1/Band2—were inferred from the reflectance of Sentinel-2 imagery using the HSIC-Lasso model, and these were combined with observed CDOM data from Namyang Reservoir. Based on the CDOM distribution, a 5 m−1 threshold was used to classify data, maintaining a 3:1 class ratio in all datasets. Ensemble models such as Random Forest (RFR), eXtreme Gradient Boosintg (XGB) showed stable performance across oversampling techniques. In contrast, Support Vector Machine (SVR) and Deep Neural Network (DNN) exhibited marked improvements in prediction accuracy, particularly when combined with SMOTE-SVM and SmoteR techniques. Notably, DNN with SMOTE-SVM and DNN with SmoteR achieved the highest prediction accuracies among the classification-based and regression-based models, with accuracies of 0.88 and 0.89, respectively, significantly reducing errors in high-concentration regions. Spatial distribution analysis further emphasized the effectiveness of classification-based oversampling techniques in addressing data imbalances, with DNN with SMOTE-SVM and DNN with SMOTE-Tomek providing the most accurate predictions at high-concentration boundaries. This study highlights the potential of synthetic data and machine learning in water quality monitoring. The proposed framework provides a scalable and robust approach for estimating CDOM concentrations, offering valuable insights for environmental management and policymaking.

20. 题目: Soil organic carbon fractions and stability shifts in response to plant mixed-growth in coastal wetlands of southeastern China
文章编号: N25121305
期刊: Catena
作者: Xiaoying Ren, Jiayi Xu, Weiqi Wang, Rongbin Yin, Yuan Li, Jordi Sardans, Ning Hou, Junma Chen, Siqi Yu, Shiyu Chen, Li Hou, Fajun Yang, Josep Peñuelas
更新时间: 2025-12-13
摘要: As crucial blue carbon reservoirs, coastal wetlands regulate regional ecosystem functioning through vegetation succession and soil carbon (C) cycling. In tide-dominated landscapes, plant communities are arranged along geomorphology-, hydrology- and sediment-driven land-sea gradients, creating distinct habitats and soil environments. Mixed plant communities often enhance soil organic carbon (SOC), but their effects on SOC stability and C pool management in coastal wetlands remain unclear. Here, we compared SOC fractions, molecular composition, C pool indices that integrate C lability and management (CPAI, CPMI), and key environmental factors, as well as associated soil physical properties, in pure Phragmites australis wetlands, pure mangrove wetlands and mixed P. australis-mangrove communities in southeastern China. Surface (0–10 cm) soils in mixed wetlands contained 23.7 % and 6.6 % more SOC than pure P. australis and mangrove wetlands, respectively, and showed higher microbial biomass C (MBC) (+18.2 % and + 65.5 %) and dissolved organic C (DOC) (+23.8 % vs. mangroves; p < 0.05). In subsurface soils (10–30 cm), mixed wetlands reduced easily oxidizable C (EOC) by 49.5 % relative to mangroves, but increased MBC by 98.3 %, while DOC decreased by 86.5 % compared with P. australis (p < 0.05). Spectral analyses indicated higher contributions of alkoxy C and lower proportions of aliphatic, aromatic and alkyl C in mixed stands, suggesting a shift toward more microbially processed SOC. Compared with mangroves, mixed communities significantly decreased CPAI (−50.3 %) and CPMI (−45.4 %) (p < 0.05), indicating lower overall C pool activity and management efficiency despite higher labile C inputs. Mixed wetlands also exhibited higher soil water content, lower pH and reduced bulk density. Overall, plant community mixing reshaped SOC fractions, chemical composition and management indices across soil depths, highlighting its complex influence on coastal wetland C stability and sequestration trajectories under ongoing vegetation change.