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23481. 题目: Dynamics of new- and old- organic carbon and nitrogen in bulk soils and aggregates following afforestation on farmland Soil organic carbon (OC) and nitrogen (N) dynamics following afforestation are crucial for evaluating the balance of OC and N and their feedback to ecosystem functionality. However, the variations in newly input and old OC and N among soil aggregates are rarely studied. This knowledge gap hinders our understanding of the mechanisms behind OC and N responses to land-use changes. Herein, we measured the natural abundance of δ13C and δ15N and soil OC and N stocks in bulk soils and aggregates (>0.25 mm, 0.25–0.053 mm and <0.053 mm) in afforested land to identify the dynamics of newly input and old OC and N after land-use change. Soils were collected from farmlands (age 0) and afforested woodlands ranging in age from 10 to 35 years in China's Loess Plateau. We showed that afforestation decreased the natural abundance of δ13C and δ15N in bulk soils and aggregates, and δ13C and δ15N were mostly enriched in the silt + clay fraction. Afforestation resulted in an increase in total and newly input OC and N; however, the old OC and N remained stable in the bulk soils and macroaggregates. Increases in new OC and N were the main contributors to the accumulation of soil OC and N pools in the topsoil. Furthermore, the OC and N associated with macroaggregates accounted for 76.5–84.0% and 42.2–83.5% of the new OC and N in bulk soils, and 52.7–79.7% and 64.3–86.6% of the old OC and N in bulk soils along the 10–35 years afforestation. The coupling effects of OC and N existed in new- and old- OC and N stocks, regardless of bulk soils or aggregates. These results indicated that both macroaggregates and newly input OC and N contributed to the synchronous sequestration of OC and N in soils after afforestation. | |||||
23482. 题目: Use of water quality index and multivariate statistical methods for the evaluation of water quality of a stream affected by multiple stressors: A case study The Sürgü Stream, located in the Euphrates River basin of Turkey, is used for drinking water source, agricultural irrigation and rainbow trout production. Therefore, water quality of the stream is of great importance. In this study, multivariate statistical techniques (MSTs) and water quality index (WQI) were applied to assess water quality of the stream affected by multiple stressors such as untreated domestic sewage, effluents from fish farms, agricultural runoff and streambank erosion. For this, 16 water quality parameters at five sites along the stream were monitored monthly during one year. Most of parameters showed significant spatial variations, indicating the influence of anthropogenic activities. All parameters except TN (total nitrogen) showed significant seasonal differences due to high seasonality in WT (water temperature) and water flow. The spatial variations in the WQI were significant (p < 0.05) and the mean WQI values ranged from 87.6 to 95.3, indicating good to excellent water quality in the stream. Cluster analysis classified five sites into three groups, that is, clean region, low polluted region and very clean region. Stepwise temporal discriminant analysis (DA) identified that pH, WT, Cl−, SO42−, COD (chemical oxygen demand), TSS (total suspended solids) and Ca2+ are the parameters responsible for variations between seasons, and stepwise spatial DA identified that DO (dissolved oxygen), EC (electrical conductivity), NH4–N, TN (total nitrogen) and TSS are the parameters responsible for variations between the regions. Principal component analysis/factor analysis revealed that the parameters responsible for water quality variations were mainly associated with suspended solids (both natural and anthropogenic), soluble salts (natural) and nutrients and organic matter (anthropogenic). | |||||
23483. 题目: Hydrophobicity and surface free energy to assess spent coffee grounds as soil amendment. Relationships with soil quality The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of spent coffee grounds (SCG), a highly hydrophobic raw material, on the hydrophobicity of two Mediterranean agricultural soils. Physical, chemical, mineralogical and biological soil properties, most of them used to evaluate soil quality, were studied and related to the main hydrophobicity parameters. The in vitro assay was performed with two SCG doses (2.5 and 10%), two soils and two incubation times (30 and 60 days). Hydrophobicity was determined by the water drop penetration time test (WDPT), the contact angle (CA) with H2O, formamide and diiodomethane, and the surface free energy components (SFE) calculated using the Van Oss model. The addition of SCG increased the WDPT, CA and SFE, being the latter which was related to a greater number of soil quality variables. Hydrophobicity was related to lower humus quality index (HQI), and a higher proportion of labile organic matter, as shown by Infrared and UV–vis spectroscopy. An increase in hydrophobicity was related to an improvement of soil physical quality: a high aggregate stability index, saturated hydraulic conductivity, porosity (total and macro), water retention, and a less bulk density. The most critical effect related to the increase in hydrophobicity was the significant decrease in the available water content. The SEM images showed a greater occlusion and stabilization mechanism of the SCG particles incorporated in Vega soil, probably due to its higher content of smectite and carbonates. The appearance of fungal biomineralizations of calcium carbonate is associated with SCG addition and could be considered as an interesting and little studied process of inorganic carbon fixation and secuestration. These results showed that hydrophobicity can afford relevant information that can help to asses soil quality status after an amendment with SCG. | |||||
23484. 题目: Response of soil microbial communities to natural and managed vegetation restoration in a subtropical karst region The soil microbial community is a key indicator to evaluate the effectiveness of vegetation restoration in degraded ecosystems. However, few studies have simultaneously compared the effects of managed and natural vegetation restoration strategies on the soil microbial community in the ecologically fragile karst region using signature lipid biomarker analysis to provide information on a variety of microbial properties. Here, phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) in the soil microbial community were measured following different restoration strategies in a karst region of southwest China. Managed vegetation restoration (including restoration with plantation forest, forage grass, and a combination of plantation forest and forage grass) and natural vegetation restoration (spontaneous regeneration to natural grassland) were compared, using cropland as a reference. The abundance of total PLFAs and the PLFAs of four microbial functional groups (bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi [AMF]) significantly increased in the topsoil (0–5 cm soil depth) following vegetation restoration. In the sub-topsoil layer (5–10 cm soil depth), the abundance of PLFAs was not significantly higher than that in the cropland, except in AMF in natural vegetation restoration. Principal component analysis indicated that the microbial PLFA composition differed between the restoration strategies, and the abundance of AMF PLFAs was significantly higher in natural than in managed vegetation restoration for both soil depths. The ratio of soil organic carbon to total nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon content were the primary factors affecting the abundance of soil microbial communities in the topsoil and sub-topsoil, respectively. In addition, soil pH served as another explanatory variable for the topsoil. Our findings suggest that vegetation restoration over a relatively short period (15 years) mainly improved topsoil fertility. Moreover, natural vegetation restoration may be superior to managed vegetation restoration for the maintenance of multiple ecosystem functions in the short term in the karst regions, owing to the potentially significant role of AMF. | |||||
23485. 题目: Successive non-radical and radical process of peroxymonosulfate-based oxidation using various activation methods for enhancing mineralization of sulfamethoxazole To enhance the mineralization of toxic organic pollutants is crucial for the alleviation of environmental pollution. In this study, the successive non-radicals and radicals process (SNRP) of peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-based oxidation was performed using various methods for PMS activation, including UV, ozone, gamma radiation and biochar and applied for enhancing the mineralization of sulfamethoxazole (SMX). The results showed that SNRP-UV could improve the mineralization of SMX, and both SNRP-UV and PMS/UV could completely mineralize SMX. For SNRP-Ozone, SNRP-Radiation and SNRP-Biochar, compared to the sole radical oxidation, all SNRPs could enhance the mineralization of SMX. The biochar-induced SNRP obtained the maximum mineralization increment, followed by gamma irradiation-induced SNRP and ozone-induced SNRP. Sulfate radicals were mainly responsible for SMX mineralization for SNRP-Biochar, while hydroxyl radicals for SNRP-Radiation, and the synergetic effect of ozone and sulfate radicals for SNRP-Ozone. Different degradation intermediate products were identified in different SNRP, further revealing that SNRP induced by different methods had different mineralization capacity. This study further demonstrated that SNRP could be a new strategy for enhancing the mineralization of SMX. | |||||
23486. 题目: Biochar-induced changes in soil microbial affect species of antimony in contaminated soils Antimony (Sb) is a highly toxic heavy metal, and the amount of Sb in the soil is increasing due to anthropogenic activities. Recently, biochar (BC) has been used for remediation of Sb-contaminated soil, therefore, understanding the effect of BC-induced changes in soil microbial on the change of Sb speciation will help to elucidate the mechanism of BC in immobilization/mobilization of Sb in contaminated soils. Sb-contaminated soil with 10 wt % of Wheat straw-derived BC (SBC) and fruit (apple) tree-derived BC (FBC) and control was incubated for 130 days. Changes of soil bacterial community composition and Sb oxidation gene induced by BC were explored during the incubation. Dynamic change of Sb speciation was assessed by the citric acid extraction. The redundancy analysis (RDA) and spearman analysis (PCA) was used to analyze the relationship between Sb immobilization/mobilization and change of soil bacterial community induced by BC. The soil properties change induced by BC affected soil bacterial community composition, and Sb mobilization was strongly related to the change of soil bacterial community composition. The relative abundance of Sb oxidation gene increased in the soil amended by BC, which proved that oxidation of Sb(III) after 20 d incubation with SBC and 50 d incubation with FBC incubation. It is noteworthy that the application of BC has a potential mobilizing risk for Sb and both the change of soil bacteria and soil chemical properties play an important role in Sb mobilization. The possible risks induced by BC should be considered before applying the BC to Sb contaminated soil. | |||||
23487. 题目: Sorption behavior of dimethyl phthalate in biochar-soil composites: Implications for the transport of phthalate esters in long-term biochar amended soils The characteristics and content of organo-mineral complex were confirmed to be changed in agriculture soils under the biochar application with long-term, but the resulting environmental effects in the retention and lasting of agrochemicals and xenobiotic pollutants is far from clear. In this study, biochar-soil composites were prepared by one-step dry ball-milling method, and a sorption case study was proceed to investigate the biochar incorporated affection in soils on the transport of dimethyl phthalate (DMP). More surface oxygen-containing functional groups on ball-milled biochar enhanced its complexation with soil minerals. Sorption isotherms of DMP onto the biochar-soil composites were well described by the Freundlich model, both heterogeneous surface and multilayer interactions occurred simultaneously. The kinetics of sorption could be simulated with the pseudo-second-order model (R2 > 0.98), while the average sorption energy (Ea) calculated from Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms were found in the range of 3.83–5.60 kJ mol−1, which revealed that the sorption processes coexist of chemisorption and physisorption, and π-π electron donor–acceptor interaction, pore-filling and hydrophobic interactions could be identified as the main sorption mechanisms. Desorption of absorbed DMP appeared obvious nonlinear characteristics and lag effect, the calculated hysteresis index (HI) increased with the application of biochar into soil. Considering the phenomenon of biochar aging and soil complexation, it is important to verify how the transport and natural attenuation of contaminant will be influenced by biochar addition, especially the long-term effect in soil ecosystem. | |||||
23488. 题目: Improvement of the composition and humification of different animal manures by black soldier fly bioconversion Black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) biotreatment has been accepted as an eco-friendly alternative means for organic waste disposal; it can efficiently convert animal manure into biodiesel and biofertilizer. However, information about black soldier flies related to the organic matter transformation of different manures is limited. In this study, chicken manure (CM), pig manure (PM) and cow manure (COM) were treated by black soldier fly larvae for nine days, and the manures without black soldier fly larvae were noted as control. The dissolved organic matter (DOM) obtained from the initial and digested manures were studied by UV–vis, fluorescence, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results showed that black soldier fly larvae decomposed the carboxylic, alcohol and aliphatic components in PM and CM, while they increased the carboxylic substances in COM. After black soldier fly digestion, the proteinaceous materials in all manures decreased, while the aromatic polycondensation, molecular weight and polar functional groups of DOM increased. Furthermore, according to analysis of the fluorescence spectra, the simple structural organic matter (5.99–29.50%) obviously decomposed and converted into the humic-like substances after black soldier fly digestion. Meanwhile, the humification degree of digested CM and COM (57.07–63.74%) are higher than that found in PM (42.45%). | |||||
23489. 题目: Hydrothermal carbonization of centrifuged sewage sludge: Determination of resource recovery from liquid fraction and thermal behaviour of hydrochar Safe disposal of the sludge generated from sewage treatment plant is a major challenge worldwide. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is considered a potential pretreatment alternative for sewage sludge to facilitate the improved resource recovery. In the present study, the mixed centrifuged sewage sludge (CSS) was subjected to the HTC pretreatment to determine characteristics of the solid hydrochar (HC) and liquid fraction (LF) with a purpose of energy recovery and extraction of value-added compounds, respectively. HTC was performed in a high pressure batch reactor at 200 °C temperature for 1–8 h duration. The HC produced after HTC resembled with the low quality peat coal whereas the LF contained value-added chemicals such as humic acid (HA) and phosphate phosphorous (PO43—P). Using ammonium sulphate as 'salting out' agent, ~70% of the total HA (~15–16 g/L) could be recovered from the LF. Using the recovered HA, an improvement in the root and shoot lengths of the seeds could be observed. In the subsequent step, the total PO43−-P recovery of ~80% was obtained as struvite from the residual wastewater. | |||||
23490. 题目: Spatial distribution of n -alkanes in surface sediments of Selin Co Lake, central Tibetan Plateau, China | |||||
23491. 题目: Recovery of subtropical coastal intertidal system prokaryotes from a destruction event and the role of extracellular polymeric substances in the presence of endocrine disrupting chemicals Intertidal sediments constitute the micro-environment for the co-existence of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and biofilms consisting of the microbial community and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). However, the interactions and the resulting eco-function of this community are complex and poorly characterized, especially after a destruction event. This study evaluates the re-construction of biofilms in terms of the abundance of prokaryotic cells and related EPS characterization in two destroyed sedimentary matrices from subtropical environments simulated by sterilization in the presence of EDCs and investigates the role of EPS. The results show that benthic prokaryotes recover from the deposition of active prokaryotes in natural seawater and form biofilms after sterilization. Sterilization triggers the release of polysaccharides and protein from lysed native microbial cells and bound EPS in sedimentary organic matter, thus increasing their concentrations. The increased portion of EPS also acts as a persistent stress on re-colonizing prokaryotes and leads to the overproduction of sedimentary EPS. Due to the protective role mediated by EPS, the effect of EDCs on biofilm composition in sterilized sediment is not significant. The sedimentary matrix is the most important determinant of the composition of the biofilm and the occurrence of EDCs. At the end of an 84-day experiment, the abundance of prokaryotic cells and the concentrations of polysaccharides and protein in mangrove sediment are 1.6–1.8 times higher than those in sandflat sediment, regardless of EDCs. Sandflat sediment exhibits higher concentrations of nonylphenol and bisphenol A but a lower concentration of 17α-ethinylestradiol than mangrove sediment. This study enhances our understanding of the role of sedimentary biofilms and the fate of EDCs in intertidal systems and highlights the benefit of a destructive event in enhancing ecosystem function, particularly tolerance to EDC adversity due to EPS production. | |||||
23492. 题目: Soil alkaline phosphatase activity and bacterial phoD gene abundance and diversity under regimes of inorganic fertilizer reduction with straw | |||||
23493. 题目: Microcystin-LR degradation kinetics during chlorination: Role of water quality conditions Microcystin-LR (MCLR) produced during certain cyanobacteria blooms can contaminate drinking water sources and pose a threat to public health. Previous studies of MCLR degradation by free chlorine may have artifacts from using strong reducing agents to quench chlorination reactions, and they also have not explored the influence of water quality characteristics such as pH, alkalinity, temperature and dissolved organic matter (DOM). Using a novel quencher, 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene (TMB), the apparent MCLR degradation rate constants were found to be higher than those obtained with thiosulfate (S2O32−), a traditionally used strong reducing quencher. Thiosulfate converted N-chlorinated MCLR degradation products back to the parent MCLR, thereby underestimating MCLR loss over time. The second-order rate constants for HOCl (kHOCl) and OCl− (kOCl-) during chlorination of MCLR were determined to be 72 ± 13 and 28 ± 1.8 M−1s−1, respectively, allowing for determination of the apparent MCLR rate constants (kapp,MCLR) for any known pH condition. The MCLR reaction with free chlorine was strongly affected by temperature and the presence of DOM, while changes in ionic strength and alkalinity had little effect. Free chlorine in the presence of DOM, originating from both terrestrial and microbial sources, exhibited two-stage decay. The initial chlorine demand in the first 15 s of reaction can be determined by the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration (initial chlorine demand = 1.8 × DOC), and the second-order rate constants for the later slower decay correlated well with SUVA254 (kapp,DOM = 0.73 × SUVA254 - 0.41). The results yielded a practical model to predict the decay of MCLR during chlorination of waters with varied water quality characteristics. | |||||
23494. 题目: Pasture in crop rotations influences microbial biodiversity and function reducing the potential for nitrogen loss from compost Agroecosystems make up a significant portion of terrestrial ecosystems and receive a disproportionally high amount of terrestrial nitrogen inputs from fertilizer, leading to nitrogen loss and associated environmental problems. Integrated crop livestock systems, such as pasture-integrated crop rotations, may be more environmentally sustainable however the long-term effects of this management practice on soil microorganisms and nitrogen transformations are not well understood. To address this knowledge gap, samples were collected from a long-term experiment designed to assess the impacts of, and interaction between, compost application and pasture-integrated crop rotations. The compost-input and pasture-integrated rotation treatments increased soil organic matter by 41 % and 14 % respectively, carbon mineralization by 127 % and 146 %, and extracellular enzyme activity by 74 % and 35 %, suggesting enhanced heterotrophic microbial activity. Compost addition led to rapid ammonification, increased potential nitrification rates ∼3-fold, and enhanced nitrate concentration by ∼75%. Further, compost addition more than doubled the abundance of prokaryotic ammonia oxidizing organisms (AOO). These effects of compost on nitrogen cycling were greatly mitigated by the pasture-integration likely due to enhanced microbial decomposition activity associated with carbon inputs from perennial grasses. Specifically, pasture-integration mitigated increases in potential nitrification, AOO abundance, and soil nitrate concentrations. The rates of potential nitrification were correlated with the abundance of AOO, highlighting the connection between nitrogen cycling processes and microbial community composition. These patterns in nitrifier abundances, potential nitrification rates, and nitrate levels indicate that the long-term integration of pasture in crop rotations has the potential to reduce early-season nitrogen loss without reducing crop productivity. This work demonstrates how management practices that facilitate favorable interactions between microbial carbon and nitrogen cycling may enhance agroecosystem sustainability and reduce nitrogen pollution. | |||||
23495. 题目: Photochemical Characterization of Surface Waters from Lakes in the Adirondack Region of New York | |||||
23496. 题目: Geobacter Autogenically Secretes Fulvic Acid to Facilitate the Dissimilated Iron Reduction and Vivianite Recovery | |||||
23497. 题目: Enzymatic activity of soils and soil organic matter stabilization as an effect of components released from the decomposition of litter The processes associated with litter decomposition are closely related to nutrient circulation in forest ecosystems. This study attempted to determine the role of nutrients, especially C and N, released by the decomposition of litter of different tree species in enzymatic activity and soil organic matter stabilization. In the study, we attempted to exclude the influence of soil properties, especially texture, on enzymatic activity and soil organic matter stabilization. Four areas covered by ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.), oak (Quercus robur L.), beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands were selected. Throughout the study period, the litter properties of four tree species and the chemical composition of the filtrate released during litter decomposition were determined. The activity of enzymes involved in C, N, P and S cycles, as well as soil organic matter fractions, were recorded. The activity of the enzymes was determined specifically by the carbon substrates released during the process of litter decomposition. A strong correlation between enzymatic activity and the amount of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) released from the decomposing litter was demonstrated. The effect of tree species could be observed in the amount of carbon and nitrogen of the light and heavy fractions of soil organic matter. The lowest C/N ratio in all fractions of organic matter was determined for ash stand soils that were characterized by having the highest amount of the heavy fraction of soil organic matter. | |||||
23498. 题目: Stabilization mechanisms of isotope-labeled carbon substrates in soil under moisture pulses and conservation agricultural management Understanding the mechanisms of carbon (C) stabilization in soil under the influence of moisture pulses is essential for predicting the stability of terrestrial C in the face of climate change. Conservation agricultural management is widely recognized to mitigate climate change through soil C stabilization or retention. We conducted a 24-day mesocosm incubation using an agricultural soil under 36 years of conservation agricultural management including winter cover cropping and no-tillage farming. We added 13C-labeled simple (glucose) or complex (corn litter) C substrates to mesocosms, applied different frequencies of moisture pulses, and traced the fate of the added glucose- and corn-C in labile and stable soil C pools. Structural equation modelling was used to quantify the effect sizes of the short-term moisture pulses and the long-term conservation management on the stabilization of the added glucose- and corn-C in soil. Our results show that the added corn-C, which is more biochemically complex, had a lower recovery in microbial biomass than glucose-C after 24 days (0.15% vs. 46.98%). Compared to rewetting the soil, extended drought increased accumulation of glucose-C (46.39% vs. 77.45%) but decreased corn-C (0.22% vs. 0.06%) in microbial biomass. The extended drought also increased extractable organic C (0.22% vs. 0.91%) and H2O2-resistant C (1.48% vs. 3.14%) compared to rewetting the soil. Vetch, a nitrogen-fixing cover crop, appeared to stabilize the added C via facilitating incorporation into the H2O2-resistant fraction of soil C compared to no cover crop (3.37% vs. 1.95%). Moisture pulses disrupted macroaggregates and induced release of microaggregates, which may lead to destabilization of the added C. Structural equation models show that the multiple moisture pulses destabilized the added glucose-C and corn-C in soil, while the conservation management could mitigate some of these effects. Our results suggest that conservation agriculture can help improve the resilience of agroecosystem function in relation to soil C storage and stability in the face of climate change. | |||||
23499. 题目: Temperature effect on biochar produced from tea (Camellia sinensis L.) pruning litters: A comprehensive treatise on physico-chemical and statistical approaches The present study aimed to optimize the production of biochar from tea (Camellia sinensis L.) pruning litter. Characterization of biochar prepared from four tea pruning litters (mixed, Tocklai Vegetative 1, 22 and 25) at five pyrolysis temperatures (250, 300, 350, 400, 450, and 500°C for 3hours) were documented. The results demonstrated that yield, total nitrogen, H:C, and O:C decreased steadily with increasing pyrolysis temperature. However, water holding capacity, ash content, fixed carbon, C:N, NH4+-N, NO3--N, trace elements, total P and K, and germination index increased consistently with increasing pyrolysis temperature. All the prepared biochars are suitable for agriculture application as H:C and O:C ratios of prepared biochars are <0.6 and <0.4, respectively.Low pyrolysis temperature (<300°C) was optimal to get more stable biochar with respect to essential nutrients. Biochar derived from Tocklai Vegetative 1 at 300°C has more potential for agronomic applications. Principal component analysis showed >96% variability. | |||||
23500. 题目: Verifiable soil organic carbon modelling to facilitate regional reporting of cropland carbon change: A test case in the Czech Republic Regional monitoring, reporting and verification of soil organic carbon change occurring in managed cropland are indispensable to support carbon-related policies. Rapidly evolving gridded agronomic models can facilitate these efforts throughout Europe. However, their performance in modelling soil carbon dynamics at regional scale is yet unexplored. Importantly, as such models are often driven by large-scale inputs, they need to be benchmarked against field experiments. We elucidate the level of detail that needs to be incorporated in gridded models to robustly estimate regional soil carbon dynamics in managed cropland, testing the approach for regions in the Czech Republic. We first calibrated the biogeochemical Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model against long-term experiments. Subsequently, we examined the EPIC model within a top-down gridded modelling framework constructed for European agricultural soils from Europe-wide datasets and regional land-use statistics. We explored the top-down, as opposed to a bottom-up, modelling approach for reporting agronomically relevant and verifiable soil carbon dynamics. In comparison with a no-input baseline, the regional EPIC model suggested soil carbon changes (~0.1–0.5 Mg C ha−1 y−1) consistent with empirical-based studies for all studied agricultural practices. However, inaccurate soil information, crop management inputs, or inappropriate model calibration may undermine regional modelling of cropland management effect on carbon since each of the three components carry uncertainty (~0.5–1.5 Mg C ha−1 y−1) that is substantially larger than the actual effect of agricultural practices relative to the no-input baseline. Besides, inaccurate soil data obtained from the background datasets biased the simulated carbon trends compared to observations, thus hampering the model's verifiability at the locations of field experiments. Encouragingly, the top-down agricultural management derived from regional land-use statistics proved suitable for the estimation of soil carbon dynamics consistently with actual field practices. Despite sensitivity to biophysical parameters, we found a robust scalability of the soil organic carbon routine for various climatic regions and soil types represented in the Czech experiments. The model performed better than the tier 1 methodology of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which indicates a great potential for improved carbon change modelling over larger political regions. | |||||
