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25641. 题目: Exogenous acyl-homoserine lactones adjust community structures of bacteria and methanogens to ameliorate the performance of anaerobic granular sludge
文章编号: N18052926
期刊: Journal of Hazardous Materials
作者: Longyi Lv, Weiguang Li, Zejia Zheng, Donghui Li, Ning Zhang
更新时间: 2018-05-29
摘要: Quorum sensing (QS) signalling has been extensively studied in single species populations, activated sludge, biofilm and aerobic granular sludge. However, ecological roles of QS in anaerobic granular sludge, particularly in the content of the relationship between QS signalling and microbial community composition and function, have been rarely reported. Herein, five acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) molecules were added in the anaerobic granular sludge system for treating traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) wastewater respectively. The results indicated that the introduction of specific AHLs could enhance the abilities of organic matters removal and methanation in anaerobic granular sludge, and meanwhile, exogenous AHLs played an important role to regulate the concentration of EPS. Sequencing analysis indicated that microbial community structures of bacteria and methanogens changed to varying degrees by adding AHLs. This study suggested that exogenous AHLs could play a role in mediating microbial community structure, thereby enhancing the performance of anaerobic granular sludge. The regulatory mechanism of AHLs on community structure was discussed, and a speculative action model was established. Exogenous regulation by selective enhancement of AHLs-mediated QS in anaerobic granular sludge provided an innovative and attractive strategy for strengthening wastewater treatments.

25642. 题目: Exploring the fate and oxidation behaviors of different organic constituents in landfill leachate upon Fenton oxidation processes using EEM-PARAFAC and 2D-COS-FTIR
文章编号: N18052925
期刊: Journal of Hazardous Materials
作者: Bilal Aftab, Hyun-Sang Shin, Jin Hur
更新时间: 2018-05-29
摘要: In this work, the changes of different organic constituents in landfill leachate were tracked in Fenton oxidation processes with different operation parameters including H2O2 doses, pH, and the ratios of [H2O2]/[Fe] via fluorescence excitation emission matrix – parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS). One tryptophan-like (C1), one fulvic-like (C2), and one humic-like (C3) components were identified in the leachates. The removal behaviors of the individual fluorescent components were dependent upon the operation conditions, suggesting the existence of unique characteristics with respect to the responses to the oxidation mechanisms, which were likely altered by different operation conditions. For all tested conditions, a greater extent of removal was consistently found for C3 versus C1 and C2 except for the relatively high pH ranges (>6.0), in which C2 presented the highest removal rates. 2D-COS combined with synchronous fluorescence spectra exhibited the preferential oxidation sequence in the order of C3 > C1 > C2 with higher H2O2 doses. 2D-COS coupled with Fourier transform infrared (2D-COS-FTIR) showed that aromatic functional groups were initially oxidized, followed by the removal of carboxylic groups and the formation of inorganic functional groups and aldehyde or ketonic groups. Hetero 2D-COS maps further revealed the close association between the aromatic groups and C3, and between the carboxylic groups and C1. This study utilizing 2D-COS provided new insights into the dynamic behavior of heterogeneous landfill leachate in Fenton oxidation processes under varying operation conditions.
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25643. 题目: Influence of natural organic matter on horseradish peroxidase-mediated removal of 17α-ethinylestradiol: Role of molecular weight
文章编号: N18052924
期刊: Journal of Hazardous Materials
作者: Yun Yang, Jianhua Li, Huanhuan Shi, Li Zhai, Xing Wang, Shixiang Gao
更新时间: 2018-05-29
摘要: Ubiquitous natural organic matter (NOM) plays a crucial role in the peroxidase-mediated transformation of phenolic pollutants in aquatic environment. As a poorly defined polydispersed mixture of assorted organic substances with wide molecular weight (MW) distribution, NOM has far prevented researchers from finding out the primarily responsible components for the specific effect. In this work, MW fractionated NOMs (Mf-NOMs) were used to investigate their roles on horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-mediated transformation of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2). The removal rate of EE2 was restrained in the presence of pristine or Mf-NOMs, and the inhibitory mechanism was MW-dependent. Low Mf-NOMs restrained the enzymatic reaction by acting as competitive substrates, while high Mf-NOMs retained freely dissolved EE2 which reduced its availability for enzymatic reaction. The contribution of these two processes to the inhibition induced by pristine NOM was further quantified and found to be relevant to the reaction conditions, especially EE2 concentration. The findings of this work reveal more complex influences of NOM on the enzymatic reaction than ever demonstrated, which aids in understanding the fate of EE2 and other congener contaminants in natural and municipal water.
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25644. 题目: Raw hematite based Fe(III) bio-reduction process for humified landfill leachate treatment
文章编号: N18052923
期刊: Journal of Hazardous Materials
作者: Rui Li, Yu Jiang, Beidou Xi, Mingxiao Li, Xiaoguang Meng, Chuanping Feng, Xuhui Mao, Hongliang Liu, Yonghai Jiang
更新时间: 2018-05-29
摘要: Microorganisms from paddy soils and raw hematite are used for enhancing natural Fe(III) bio-reduction, in order to remove macromolecular organic pollutants from humified landfill leachate. Based on batch experiments, 60% of refractory organics can be adsorbed by hematite in 12 days. In the presence of Fe(III)-reducing bacteria, 489.60 ± 0.14 mg L-1 of dissolved organic matters can be degraded to 51.90 ± 3.96 mg L-1 within 50 days; twelve types of semi volatile organic compounds can be degraded; hereby, the reaction follows a first-order kinetics. Crystalline Fe(III) is transformed into the amorphous form and reduced to Fe(II), hydroquinone functional groups in the humic acid (HA) are transformed to quinone ones, and the formation of HA-hematite ligands is promoted. Comparing with most of the studies about electron shuttling of HA, the transformation of quinone in the HA to hydroquinone could not be observed in the present bio-system. Based on column evaluations, more than 93% of chemical oxygen demand (influent concentration of 658 ± 19 mg L-1) could be removed microbially under flow conditions, when the hydraulic retention time was 45 h. Raw hematite-based Fe(III) bio-reduction has a promising potential for the removal of humic and benzene series in humified landfill leachate.
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25645. 题目: Functional lignocellulosic material for the remediation of copper(II) ions from water: Towards the design of a wood filter
文章编号: N18052922
期刊: Journal of Hazardous Materials
作者: Selin Vitas, Tobias Keplinger, Nico Reichholf, Renato Figi, Etienne Cabane
更新时间: 2018-05-29
摘要: In this study, the chemical modification of bulk beech wood is described along with its utilization as biosorbent for the remediation of copper from water. The material was prepared by esterification using anhydrides, and reaction conditions were optimized to propose a greener process, in particular by reducing the amount of solvent. This modification yields a lignocellulosic material whose native structure is preserved, with an increased amount of carboxylic groups (up to 3 mmol/g). We demonstrate that the material can remove up to 95% of copper from low concentration solutions (100– 500 ppm). The adsorption efficiency decreases with concentrated copper solutions, and we show that a limited number of -COOH groups participate in copper binding (ca. 0.1 Cu/-COOH). This result suggests a limited accessibility of -COOH groups in the wood scaffold. This was demonstrated by the characterization of -COOH and copper distributions inside wood. Raman and EDX imaging confirmed that most –COOH groups are located inside the wood cell walls, thereby limiting interactions with copper. According to this study, critical limitations of bulk wood as a biosorbent were identified, and the results will be used to improve the material and design an efficient wood filter for heavy metal remediation.
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25646. 题目: Binding of Cd by ferrihydrite organo-mineral composites: Implications for Cd mobility and fate in natural and contaminated environments
文章编号: N18052921
期刊: Chemosphere
作者: Huihui Du, Caroline L. Peacock, Wenli Chen, Qiaoyun Huang
更新时间: 2018-05-29
摘要: Adsorption and coprecipitation of organic matter with iron (hydr)oxides can alter iron (hydr)oxide surface properties and their reactivity towards nutrient elements and heavy metals. Organo-mineral composites were synthesized using humic acid (HA) and iron oxide, during coprecipitation with ferrihydrite (Fh) and adsorption to pre-formed Fh with two C loadings. The Fh-HA coprecipitated composites have a higher C content and smaller surface area compared to the equivalent adsorbed composites. NanoSIMS shows there is a high degree of spatial correlation between Fe and C for both composites, but C distribution is more uniform in the coprecipitated composites. The C 1s NEXAFS reveals a similar C composition between the Fh-HA coprecipitated and adsorbed composites. However composites at high carbon loading are more enriched in aromatic C, likely due to preferential binding of carboxyl functional groups on aromatic rings in the HA. The amount of Cd sorbed is independent of the composite type, either coprecipitated or adsorbed, but is a function of the C loading. Composites with low C loading show Cd sorption that is almost identical to pure Fh, while composites with high C loading show Cd sorption that is intermediate between pure Fh and pure HA, with sorption significantly enhanced over pure Fh at pH < 6.5. A bidentate edge-sharing binding was identified for Cd on pure Fh and Cd-carboxyl binding on pure HA. These findings have significant implications not only for the sequestration of Cd in contaminated environments but also the coupled biogeochemical cycling of Cd, Fe and C in the critical zone.
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25647. 题目: Effects of chemical oxidation on surface oxygen-containing functional groups and adsorption behavior of biochar
文章编号: N18052920
期刊: Chemosphere
作者: Qinya Fan, Jianxiong Sun, Lei Chu, Liqiang Cui, Guixiang Quan, Jinlong Yan, Qaiser Hussain, Muhammad Iqbal
更新时间: 2018-05-29
摘要: Biochar is a beneficial soil amendment but the changes in its surface properties during the aging process, especially the oxygen-containing functional groups and the associated adsorption behaviors, are not well documented. In this paper, the aged wheat straw biochar was simulated by chemical oxidation with HNO3-H2SO4 and NaOH-H2O2 systems. Characterization results showed that carbon loss and oxygen incorporation ran throughout the aging process. Surface oxygen-containing functional groups were found to be increased in all treated biochars, especially for carboxyl. Much more developed mesopores were observed in aging biochar, specific surface area was increased by 126% for biochar treated with NaOH-H2O2, and 226% for biochar treated with 40% of HNO3-H2SO4. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the increasing oxygen-containing functional groups led to 14% and 30% mass loss by treating biochar with alkali and acid, respectively. The improved biochar surface through the increase of oxygen-containing functional groups enhanced the cadmium sorption capacity, and the sorption capacity increased by 21.2% in maximum. Roughed surface from oxidation was another reason for increasing cadmium adsorption. Results indicated that the adsorption performance of biochar on pollutant would be changed during aging process along with the changing surface properties.
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25648. 题目: Equilibrium sampling reveals increasing thermodynamic potential of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during sewage sludge digestion
文章编号: N18052919
期刊: Chemosphere
作者: Karina K. Sjoeholm, Stine N. Schmidt, Annika Jahnke, Bo Svensmark, Philipp Mayer
更新时间: 2018-05-29
摘要: The reuse of digested sludge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) as soil fertilizer poses a risk for contamination of soil and water environments. The present study provides a new approach for investigating the exposure of hydrophobic organic chemicals in sewage sludge. The methodology of equilibrium sampling with multiple thicknesses of silicone was successfully validated and applied to complex sludge matrices. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations in silicone (C silicone ) were determined and compared across four WWTPs. Activity ratios (ARs), defined as C silicone at equilibrium with digested sludge (final product) over C silicone at equilibrium with secondary sludge (intermediate product), were in the range 0.85–20 with all except one AR>1. These ARs thus revealed increased thermodynamic potential of both parent and alkylated PAHs in digested sludge compared with secondary sludge, and thereby higher exposure of PAHs in sludge after digestion than before digestion. This observation can be explained by the concept of “solvent depletion” as organic matter decreased by a factor of 1.3 during digestion, resulting in reduced sorptive capacity and increased freely dissolved concentrations (C free ). The PAHs with logK ow > 6 had ARs close to 1.3, whereas PAHs with logK ow < 6 showed higher ARs than the organic matter decrease factor of 1.3. C free in digested sludge were higher than reported in rural soil and generally consistent with levels reported for Baltic Sea sediment.
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25649. 题目: Influence of suspended sediment characteristics on the bioaccumulation and biological effects of citalopram in Daphnia magna
文章编号: N18052918
期刊: Chemosphere
作者: Haohan Yang, Guanghua Lu, Zhenhua Yan, Jianchao Liu, Huike Dong
更新时间: 2018-05-29
摘要: The influence of suspended sediment (SPS) characteristics on the bioavailability of the antidepressant citalopram (CIT) was investigated in the cladoceran Daphnia magna. The bioaccumulation, swimming behaviours, psychological indices, and oxidative stress were examined. The CIT bioaccumulation were altered in the presence of SPS, such that the body burden of CIT decreased as the concentration of SPS increased and as the organic carbon content of SPS (f oc ) increased; moreover, the body burden of CIT increased as SPS particle size increased. All the biomarker activities of D. magna were markedly induced at a CIT exposure concentration of 10 μg/L. However, the biological effects of CIT did not depend on the body burden of CIT as SPS concentration increased, while the swimming activities and oxidative stress were significantly enhanced by SPS concentration at 1 g/L. The influences of SPS particle size and f oc on the activities of swimming and physiological indicators were mainly associated with the CIT bioaccumulation, while f oc in SPS was more substantial than particle size. In addition, the antioxidant activities decreased as f oc increased and were significantly strengthened at particle sizes of 30–60 μm. The impacts of different SPS characteristics on the adsorption and desorption capacity of CIT and the ingestion habits of D. magna were the main reasons for the variations in CIT body burden and biological effects. According to the results obtained in this study, the SPS characteristics should be considered in the risk assessment of contaminants in natural aquatic environments.
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25650. 题目: Mechanisms of rice straw biochar effects on phosphorus sorption characteristics of acid upland red soils
文章编号: N18052917
期刊: Chemosphere
作者: Yong Liu, Zhi-Qiang Zhu, Xiao-Song He, Chao Yang, Ying-Qiong Du, Yong-Dong Huang, Peng Su, Shan Wang, Xiao-Xiao Zheng, Ya-Juan Xue
更新时间: 2018-05-29
摘要: An important pathway for biochar to alter the availability of soil phosphorus (P) is to change P sorption characteristics of the soil. The aim of this study was to understand the mechanisms of biochar effects on P sorption in acid upland red soils in the presence of different concentrations of exogenous P. Rice straw biochar (RSB) was prepared and applied at rates of 0, 1%, 3%, and 5% (w/w) to three red soils (MZ1, MZ2, and QY1) differing in initial pH (pH = 4.31, 4.82, and 5.68, respectively). The P sorption characteristics of these red soils were described using the Langmuir and Temkin equations and their relationships with soil basic physicochemical properties were analyzed. Furthermore, a representative red soil (MZ2) was selected to analyze the zeta potential of soil colloids and the chemical properties of sorption equilibrium solution, in order to understand their relationships with P sorption characteristics. Results showed that within a certain range of P concentration in the equilibrium solution, the amount of P sorbed by the three red soils decreased and the corresponding amount of P desorbed increased with increasing amendment rate of RSB. RSB showed the greatest effect on P desorption characteristics of MZ2 soil in the presence of higher exogenous P concentration. With increasing RSB amendment rate, the maximum P sorption of MZ1 soil decreased, while those of MZ2 and QY1 soils increased after an initial decrease. Phosphate sorption equilibrium constant and maximum P buffer capacity of each soil first increased and then decreased. However, a single physicochemical property could not interpret complex changes in multi-factors that jointly determine the P sorption characteristics of red soils. In the case of MZ2 soil, RSB amendment shifted the zeta potential of soil colloids to the negative direction; this decreased the positive charge and increased the negative charge on the soil surface, thus reducing P sorption in the MZ2 soil. In the presence of the same concentration of exogenous P, RSB amendment altered the pH, dissolved organic C (DOC), humification index (HIX), and maximum fluorescence intensity (Fmax) in the sorption equilibrium solution. In most cases, the amount of P sorbed by the MZ2 soil was negatively correlated with the pH value, DOC concentration, HIX value, and Fmax value of humic-like dissolved organic matter (DOM), and positively correlated with the Fmax value of protein-like DOM (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The relative fractional distribution of the contents for humic-like and protein-like DOM might determine the difference in the P sorption characteristics of MZ2 soil. In conclusion, different amendment rates of RSB affected the release of phosphate from soil surfaces into the solution by altering basic physicochemical and electrochemical properties of red soils and chemical properties of sorption equilibrium solution.
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25651. 题目: Organic matter decomposition before arsenic speciation analysis of water sample – “Soft decomposition” using nano-photocatalysts
文章编号: N18052916
期刊: Chemosphere
作者: Ewa Biaduń, Natalia Nowak, Joanna Kowalska, Krzysztof Miecznikowski, Beata Krasnod?bska-Ostr?ga
更新时间: 2018-05-29
摘要: The applicability of photolysis in the speciation analysis of arsenic is investigated. The use of nano scale semiconductors (Fe2O3/WO3/Fe2O3 at pH 6) as an active film during solar light irradiation of a water sample, containing some surfactants (SDS), results in the simplification of the organic matter and gives no speciation change in the arsenic. The reproducibility of active layer is shown to be high and the surface roughness of each photoactive sample and photocurrent do not differ by more than 6 and less than 8%, respectively. The procedure of sample pretreatment caused a minimum (8–10%) amount of speciation change, whilst the irradiation is no longer that 2 h. The study indicates that “soft decomposition” can be performed for as long as 4 h, and still give photostable arsenates (III) and methylarsenate species. However, the saturation of the water sample with Ar is required (to reduce the oxygen content) for the longer the decomposition time being applied.
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25652. 题目: Properties of magnetic carbon nanomaterials and application in removal organic dyes
文章编号: N18052915
期刊: Chemosphere
作者: Junhong Wang, Qiang Zhang, Xianzhao Shao, Jianqi Ma, Guanghui Tian
更新时间: 2018-05-29
摘要: Magnetic carbon nanomaterials were prepared facilely by one step hydrothermal synthesis method using biologically regenerated glucose as carbon sources and ferric ammonium citrate as iron sources. As-synthesized nanomaterials were characterized by means of SEM, TEM, XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption, VSM and XPS etc. techniques. Results show as-prepared magnetic nanomaterials are sphere particles with aggregation state and magnetic α-Fe particles are enclosed by carbon matrixes. With increase of calcination temperature, the degrees of the sample aggregation decrease, whereas the average particle sizes, BET specific surface areas and saturation magnetizations increase. The carbon with graphite structure has higher adsorption efficiency than that of amorphous carbon for organic dye rhodamine B in water. Whereas the iron with amorphous structure shows higher photocatalytic activity than that of the iron with crystalline structure for the degradation of rhodamine B. And rhodamine B in water can almost be degraded completely through the combination of adsorption and photocatalysis.

25653. 题目: Redistribution of Cs 137 introduced into montmorillonite in association with organic matter coming from biomass composting
文章编号: N18052914
期刊: Chemosphere
作者: J. Mihalik, M.J. Madruga, M.H. Casimiro, L.M. Ferreira, M.I. Prudêncio
更新时间: 2018-05-29
摘要: The adsorption and later bioavailability of 137Cs from the system humic acid (HA)/humic acid like compounds (HALC) and montmorillonite was investigated. The setup of the experiments should approach as much as possible natural conditions when 137Cs is introduced into soil with HALC from decomposed biomass. The significant differences were found in the trials containing various HA/HALC and also pure montmorillonite. The 137Cs was more available when it reached soil in association with HALC originated from compost than when it was adsorbed on stable humic acids. Moreover, the long term interaction of 137Cs with HALC led to decrease of 137Cs adsorbed on montmorillonite and increase of its bioavailable fraction. UV–Vis spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy showed the clear difference between HA, fresh HALC and old HALC which could partially explain the different results.
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25654. 题目: Removal of PCDD/Fs, PCP and mercury from sediments: Thermal oxidation versus pyrolysis
文章编号: N18052913
期刊: Chemosphere
作者: Moo-Been Chang, Yen-Chen Hsu, Shu-Hao Chang
更新时间: 2018-05-29
摘要: A continuous pilot-scale system (CPS) equipped with effective air pollution control devices (APCDs) is used for remediating the sediments contaminated with PCDD/Fs, PCP and Hg simultaneously. The removal efficiencies of these three pollutants in sediments collected from seawater pond and river, respectively, are evaluated via thermal treatment processes. PAHs and CBz formed during thermal oxidation and pyrolysis are also analyzed for better understanding the behaviors of chlorinated organic compounds. Experimental results indicate that low-molecular-weight PAHs are closely related to the formation of CBz, PCDD/Fs, and CPs, while low chlorinated PCDD/Fs and CBz are predominant in flue gas with thermal oxidation. However, the PM concentration is higher in thermal oxidation than pyrolysis due to the higher air flow rate of thermal oxidation. It may bring more particles out of the furnace and have a greater potential to form PCDD/Fs within APCDs. Besides, the high air flow also dilutes the Hg vapor in flue gas and would require more energy to condense and collect Hg with the quench tower. Furthermore, for removal of total amount of PCDD/Fs, pyrolysis is better than thermal oxidation. Thus, pyrolysis is more suitable for remediating the contaminated sediment. The removal efficiencies of PCDD/Fs, PCP and Hg in sediments achieved with pyrolysis increase with increasing operating temperature and retention time in CPS. Overall, the residual concentrations of PCDD/Fs and PCP in river sediment are higher than that in seawater-pond sediment since significant formation of tar is observed due to higher organic matter content in river sediment.

25655. 题目: Sorption of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) to an organic soil horizon – Effect of cation composition and pH
文章编号: N18052912
期刊: Chemosphere
作者: Hugo Campos Pereira, Malin Ullberg, Dan Berggren Kleja, Jon Petter Gustafsson, Lutz Ahrens
更新时间: 2018-05-29
摘要: Accurate prediction of the sorption of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in soils is essential for environmental risk assessment. We investigated the effect of solution pH and calculated soil organic matter (SOM) net charge on the sorption of 14 PFASs onto an organic soil as a function of pH and added concentrations of Al3+, Ca2+ and Na+. Often, the organic C-normalized partitioning coefficients (K OC ) showed a negative relationship to both pH (Δlog K OC /ΔpH = -0.32 ± 0.11 log units) and the SOM bulk net negative charge (Δlog K OC = -1.41 ± 0.40 per log unit molc g-1). Moreover, perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSAs) sorbed more strongly than perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) and the PFAS sorption increased with increasing perfluorocarbon chain length with 0.60 and 0.83 log K OC units per CF2 moiety for C3–C10 PFCAs and C4, C6, and C8 PFSAs, respectively. The effects of cation treatment and SOM bulk net charge were evident for many PFASs with low to moderate sorption (C5–C8 PFCAs and C6 PFSA). However for the most strongly sorbing and most long-chained PFASs (C9–C11 and C13 PFCAs, C8 PFSA and perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA)), smaller effects of cations were seen, and instead sorption was more strongly related to the pH value. This suggests that the most long-chained PFASs, similar to other hydrophobic organic compounds, are preferentially sorbed to the highly condensed domains of the humin fraction, while shorter-chained PFASs are bound to a larger extent to humic and fulvic acid, where cation effects are significant.
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25656. 题目: Toxicity screening of biochar-mineral composites using germination tests
文章编号: N18052911
期刊: Chemosphere
作者: Jan Mumme, Josephine Getz, Munoo Prasad, Ulf Lüder, Jürgen Kern, Ond?ej Ma?ek, Wolfram Buss
更新时间: 2018-05-29
摘要: This study assessed the properties and toxicity (water cress germination trials) of 38 waste-derived, novel biochar-mineral composites (BMCs) produced via slow pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization (hydrochars). The biochars were produced from sewage sludge and compost-like output (CLO) by varying the type of mineral additive (zeolite, wood ash and lignite fly ash), the mineral-to-feedstock ratio and the carbonization process. While pure hydrochars completely inhibited germination of water cress, this effect was ameliorated by mineral additives. Seedlings grew best in pyrolysis chars and while wood ash addition decreased plant growth in many cases, 1:10 addition to CLO doubled germination rate. The factors responsible for the phytotoxicity can be attributed to pH, salinity and organic contaminants. Importantly, while pure minerals inhibited germination, conversion of minerals into BMCs reduced their inhibitory effects due to buffered release of minerals. Overall, mineral wastes (e.g., combustion ashes) and waste biomass can be used safely as sources of nutrients and stable organic carbon (for soil carbon sequestration) when converted into specific biochar-mineral composites, exploiting synergies between the constituents to deliver superior performance.

25657. 题目: Enhanced hexavalent chromium removal performance and stabilization by magnetic iron nanoparticles assisted biochar in aqueous solution: Mechanisms and application potential
文章编号: N18052910
期刊: Chemosphere
作者: Shishu Zhu, Xiaochen Huang, Dawei Wang, Li Wang, Fang Ma
更新时间: 2018-05-29
摘要: The superiority of the nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) assisted biochar (BC) composites compared to traditional nZVI and its application feasibility are still unclear. This study aimed to provide valuable information for practical application. Firstly, the Fe/BC mass ratio of 2:1 during the preparation of nZVI-BC was proved obtaining the complete Cr6+ removal. Then, results revealed that the initial pH value tuned Cr6+ removal performance via varying existing Cr6+ species, surface charge, and chemical states of iron nanoparticles (NPs). Improvement of colloidal stabilization and positive surface charge attributed to enhancement of Cr6+ removal of nZVI-BC. The Cr6+ removal process was well described using pseudo-second-order kinetic. By Langmuir isotherm model, the maximum removal capacity (58.82 mg g-1) was determined. Moreover, the multiple evidences (XRD, XPS, FTIR, and TEM results) explained the mechanisms of Cr6+ removal (i.e. electrostatic force, complexes, metal reduction, and precipitates on the edges). Little inhibitory effect of coexisting anions (SO4 2-, PO4 3-, and NO3 -) and well regeneration ability (82.2% removal efficiency after five cycles using acid washing), along with well Cr6+ removal efficiencies of real contaminated water (electroplating wastewater, tannery wastewater and groundwater) treatment, suggested nZVI-BC was considered as a superior and cost-effective choice for Cr6+ included polluted water treatment.
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25658. 题目: Groundwater contamination and land drainage induce divergent responses in boreal spring ecosystems
文章编号: N18052909
期刊: Science of The Total Environment
作者: Kaisa Lehosmaa, Jussi Jyv?sj?rvi, Jari Ilmonen, Pekka M. Rossi, Lauri Paasivirta, Timo Muotka
更新时间: 2018-05-29
摘要: Degradation of freshwater ecosystems has engendered legislative mandates for the protection and management of surface waters while groundwater-dependent ecosystems (GDEs) have received much less attention. This is so despite biodiversity and functioning of GDEs are currently threatened by several anthropogenic stressors, particularly intensified land use and groundwater contamination. We assessed the impacts of land drainage (increased input of dissolved organic carbon, DOC, from peatland drainage) and impaired groundwater chemical quality (NO3 --N enrichment from agricultural or urban land use) on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in 20 southern Finnish cold-water springs using several taxonomic and functional measures. Groundwater contamination decreased macroinvertebrate and bacterial diversity and altered their community composition. Changes in macroinvertebrate and bacterial communities along the gradient of water-quality impairment were caused by the replacement of native with new taxa rather than by mere disappearance of some of the original taxa. Also species richness of habitat specialist (but not headwater generalist) bryophytes decreased due to impaired groundwater quality. Periphyton accrual rate showed a subsidy-stress response to elevated nitrate concentrations, with peak values at around 2500 μg L-1, while drainage-induced spring water brownification (increased DOC) reduced both periphyton accrual and leaf decomposition rates already at very low concentrations. Our results highlight the underutilized potential of ecosystem-level functional measures in GDE bioassessment as they seem to respond to the first signs of spring ecosystem impairment, at least for the anthropogenic stressors studied by us.
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25659. 题目: Manure digestate storage under different conditions: Chemical characteristics and contaminant residuals
文章编号: N18052908
期刊: Science of The Total Environment
作者: Yun Li, Hang Liu, Guoxue Li, Wenhai Luo, Ying Sun
更新时间: 2018-05-29
摘要: In this study, chemical characteristics and contaminant residuals in livestock manure digestate were investigated during storage under different conditions. Results show that storing digestate openly under the mesophilic condition (30 ± 1 °C) led to water evaporation and thus considerable mass reduction. As a result, concentrative effect occurred to increase the contents of organic matter, nutrients, and heavy metals during digestate storage. By contrast, ammonium (NH4 +) concentration in digestate decreased over storage period. The concentrative effect and NH4 + reduction could be mitigated by storing digestate with coverage and/or under psychrophilic conditions (e.g. 15 ± 1 °C). Regardless of storage conditions, organic matter was further biodegraded, thereby reducing the residuals of antibiotics in digestate. Antibiotic removal was more notable when digestate was stored under mesophilic conditions. Nevertheless, additional processes to control heavy metals and antibiotics in digestate are still necessary before agricultural applications.
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25660. 题目: Biochar enhances plant growth and nutrient removal in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands
文章编号: N18052907
期刊: Science of The Total Environment
作者: Kuno Kasak, Jaak Truu, Ivika Ostonen, Jürgen Sarjas, Kristjan Oopkaup, P??rn Paiste, Margit K?iv-Vainik, ?lo Mander, Marika Truu
更新时间: 2018-05-29
摘要: Biochar has shown great potential as an amendment to improve soil quality and promote plant growth, as well as to adsorb pollutants from water. However, information about the effect of biochar on the wastewater treatment efficiency in horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) constructed wetlands (CWs) is still scarce. In this study, we assessed the effect of biochar amendment on the purification efficiency of pretreated municipal wastewater in planted (Typha latifolia) experimental horizontal subsurface flow filters filled with lightweight expanded clay aggregates (LECA). The addition of wood-derived biochar (10% v/v) to LECA significantly increased plant biomass production and enhanced the wastewater treatment efficiency of the planted filters. Both the aboveground plant biomass and belowground plant biomass were higher (1.9- and 1.5-fold, respectively) in the filters of the LBP (LECA + biochar + plants) treatments compared to the LP (LECA + plants) filters. The water pH was significantly lower in the planted filters (LBP < LP < LB-LECA + biochar). The efficiencies of TN and TP removal from wastewater were highest in the LBP filters (20.0% and 22.5%, respectively), followed by the LP (13.7% and 16.2%, respectively) and LB (9.5% and 15.6%, respectively) filters. More N and P were incorporated into the plant biomass from wastewater in the presence of biochar in the filter medium. The study results confirm that biochar can be an advantageous supplement for planted HSSF CWs to enhance the treatment efficiency of these systems.
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