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301. 题目: Coatings for protecting cellulosic ultrafiltration membranes from degradation during humic surface water purification
文章编号: N25041102
期刊: Separation and Purification Technology
作者: Joona Nieminen, Alma Liukkonen, Anni Valassaari, Arto Pihlajamäki, Mika Mänttäri
更新时间: 2025-04-11
摘要: Improvement of cellulosic ultrafiltration membrane durability was studied. With no protective modifications, the commercial regenerated cellulose membrane showed notable signs of degradation when in contact with lake water for several days. The most evident signs of degradation were increasing permeate fluxes and decreasing model substance retentions. TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical) −mediated oxidation of the membranes and charge-adhered coatings offered differing degrees of protection. Mere TEMPO-oxidation and consecutive coating with either poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)/poly(styrene sulfonate) (PDADMAC/PSS) or microfibrillar cellulose slightly improved the durability, whereas the poly(vinyl amine)/poly(acrylic acid) (PVAm/PAA) coating system made the membrane stable enough that any signs of degradation could not be observed during the testing period. The performed modifications did not alter the substrate membrane filtration properties significantly. The most notable changes were attributed to the [PVAm/PAA]₁ coating that reduced both pure water permeance and molecular weight cut-off value by approximately 10%. It is suggested that the [PVAm/PAA]₁ coating was sufficiently tight to block the cellulose-degrading substances that were present. Nevertheless, the structure was loose enough to sustain the desired properties of the substrate membrane. In concentrating filtrations, said coating mitigated flux decrease and the coated membrane had better filtration capacity than the non-coated alternatives

302. 题目: Physical Contact between Bacteria and Carbonaceous Materials: The Key Switch Triggering Activated Carbon and Biochar to Promote Microbial Iron Reduction
文章编号: N25041101
期刊: Environmental Science & Technology
作者: Lin Shen, Xiao Zhu, Haoze Jiang, Juntao Zhang, Chengyu Chen, John R Reinfelder, Andreas Kappler, Liping Fang, Tongxu Liu, Chuanping Liu, Yundang Wu, Fangbai Li
更新时间: 2025-04-11
摘要: Carbonaceous materials, including activated carbon and pyrolytic carbon, have been recognized for about over a decade as effective electron shuttles or conductive materials in promoting microbial Fe(III) mineral reduction. However, recent studies reveal inhibitory effects, sparking debates about their overall impact. We hypothesized that the physical contact between bacteria and carbon is an overlooked yet critical factor in determining whether carbon promotes or inhibits microbial Fe(III) reduction. Using systems containing Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, activated carbon, and ferrihydrite, we investigated how carbon–iron oxide aggregate structure affects Fe(III) reduction kinetics. At low activated carbon-to-iron oxide ratios (C/Fe = 5:7 by mass), ferrihydrite aggregated with carbon, forming carbon-encapsulated particles that suppressed Fe(III) reduction rates. Conversely, at higher ratios (C/Fe = 100:7), the ferrihydrite dispersed on the carbon surface, enhancing both the rate and extent of Fe(III) reduction. Tests with 11 different carbonaceous materials (activated carbon and biochar) all confirmed that the microstructure of iron oxides─whether encapsulating or dispersed─on carbon surfaces is critical for determining Fe(III) reduction rates. This insight resolves the debate on whether carbonaceous materials promote or inhibit Fe(III) mineral reduction and enhances our understanding of their roles in biogeochemical processes and environmental remediation.

303. 题目: Reduction of antimony bioavailability with the application of stable exogenous organic matter: a comparative study between rice straw and manure compost
文章编号: N25041013
期刊: Environmental Research
作者: Danxing Yang, Wen Fang
更新时间: 2025-04-10
摘要: Considering the widespread use of organic amendments to improve soil quality and enhance soil carbon sequestration, it is crucial to understand their impact on the bioavailability of metalloids in soils. Antimony (Sb), a priority pollutant, is particularly impacted by organic matter, yet the effects of different organic amendments—varying in stability and composition—on Sb bioavailability remain unclear. This study investigates the influence of different organic amendments, rice straw and compost, on Sb bioavailability in the rice-soil system, with rice ingestion being a major Sb exposure pathway in humans. Results show that while both amendments increased dissolved organic carbon in soil solution, their effects on Sb bioavailability differed markedly. Rice straw increased C_DGT-Sb^III by 13.24%–66.63%, whereas compost decreased C_DGT-Sb^III by 32.47%–43.51%. These differences were also reflected in Sb accumulation in rice shoots, where compost application resulted in lower Sb content. This reduction may be attributed to increased microbial genera such as Ramlibacter and Sphingomonas, which are associated with Sb^III oxidation. Conversely, organic matter with low stability, prone to rapid degradation, could promote reducing soil conditions, thereby increasing Sb^III concentrations. Our findings suggest that stable exogenous organic matter, such as pre-decomposed compost, is preferable for managing Sb-contaminated soils.

304. 题目: Characterization of magnetic chitosan-modified biochar and its adsorption of Zn2+ in electroplating rinsing wastewater
文章编号: N25041012
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Changping Zhang, Mengwei Li, Xiaoou Wang
更新时间: 2025-04-10
摘要: This study introduced a novel chitosan-modified magnetic biochar (CMBC) for adsorbing Zn²⁺ from electroplating wastewater, aiming to enhance the adsorption capacity of biochar and facilitate its separation from aqueous phase. Results showed that the incorporation of Fe₃O₄ and chitosan into biochar reduced its specific surface area and pore volume by 93.8% and 79.6%, respectively, but increased the abundance of amino, carboxyl and hydroxyl groups on the carbon's surface. Zn²⁺ adsorption onto CMBC composites (up to 36.0 mg Zn²⁺/g at 125 mg/L Zn²⁺) tended to be monolayer and nonlinear, as well as spontaneous, endothermic and entropy-increasing, with chemisorption (surface complexation and ion exchange) being the predominant mechanism, in which negatively charged groups such as amino, hydroxyl, carboxyl and ester played key roles. pH affected Zn²⁺ adsorption onto CMBC by influencing its surface charge and degree of protonation/deprotonation of its functional groups, and 6.0 pH was most recommended. Balancing adsorption capacity and removal efficiencies, the economical CMBC dosage should be tailored to initial Zn²⁺ levels, e.g. it was 3.0 g CMBC/L for 100 mg/L Zn²⁺. Coexisting metal ions with smaller hydrated ionic radii and/or higher relative atomic masses competed with Zn²⁺ for CMBC adsorption. The desorption rate of Zn²⁺ from saturated CMBC was 73.7% when using 1.5% HCl over 60 minutes, and after five adsorption-desorption cycles, CMBC's adsorption capacity retained 74.8% of its initial value. Together with superparamagnetic properties and 15.73 emu/g saturation magnetization, CMBC offered satisfactory regeneration capabilities and recyclability. Overall, CMBC demonstrated substantial potential in removing Zn²⁺ from electroplating wastewater.

305. 题目: Effects of oleic acid on activated sludge systems: Performance, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and microbial communities
文章编号: N25041011
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Zhuoni Chen, Chundi Gao, Xinyan Hu, Yunya Gao, Jiamin Zhou, Yongzhen Peng
更新时间: 2025-04-10
摘要: The presence of recalcitrant substances in wastewater poses challenges for water treatment, as together with other readily biodegradable substrates, they negatively affect the treatment of actual wastewater. In this study, the differential effects of a typical representative of recalcitrant substances (i.e., oleic acid) on the performance of activated sludge system and microbial community structure at different concentrations (0%, 50%, and 100%) were examined. According to the results, when the influent contained no oleic acid (0%), the best sludge settling performance was achieved with a sludge volume index (SVI) of 98 mL/g; this was superior to systems with oleic acid influents of 50% (SVI = 290 mL/g) and 100% (SVI = 146 mL/g). The addition of oleic acid significantly increased the content of extracellular polymeric substances, especially extracellular protein. This enhanced microbial activity but also led to poor sludge settling performance, particularly in the 50% oleic acid system, where the protein/polysaccharide ratio increased. Microbial community analysis revealed that 100% oleic acid promoted the growth of denitrifying bacteria, such as Hydrogenophaga and Rhodoferax, while inhibiting Candidatus_Accumulibacter and Dechloromonas. In the 50% oleic acid system, the filamentous bacterium Thiothrix spp. dominated, causing sludge bulking. In the 0% oleic acid system, the growth of Zoogloea facilitated floc formation and enhanced settling. These findings reveal that oleic acid alters microbial metabolism by shifting microbial carbon source utilization and increasing EPS production, which in turn alters microbial community dynamics and negatively impacts sludge settling. This study provides insights for optimizing the treatment of oleic acid-containing wastewater.

306. 题目: Ball milling-assisted synthesis of attapulgite-rice husk biochar composites for efficient formaldehyde removal: Experimental and computational insights
文章编号: N25041010
期刊: Separation and Purification Technology
作者: Wenchao Ji, Mingzhu Ren, Hefei Jin, Yu Lou, Shuzhen Wang, Xingjun Fan, Salma Tabassum
更新时间: 2025-04-10
摘要: This study explores the Ball milling-assisted synthesis of attapulgite-rice husk biochar composites (5 %ATP/BBC) to remove formaldehyde (HCHO) efficiently. The composite was fabricated to enhance surface area and increase exposure to functional groups, which are crucial for adsorption. The experimental findings showed that 5 %ATP/BBC effectively removes HCHO, with a maximum theoretical static adsorption capacity of 0.260 mg/g and a dynamic adsorption capacity of 141.048 mg/g, surpassing both BBC500 and BC500. Chemical adsorption was the predominant process, and the adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. Further X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicated that formaldehyde molecules were incorporated onto the biochar surface, as evidenced by changes in C=O and C–C bonds. Molecular-level investigations through density functional theory (DFT) and Bader charge analysis revealed that adsorption involves charge redistribution, with ATP playing a key role as an active site. These findings were confirmed by charge density difference (CDD) analysis, which demonstrated charge transfer during adsorption. The results show that 5 % ATP/BBC can be a sustainable and practical material for HCHO removal, offering valuable insights into developing advanced adsorbents for environmental applications.

307. 题目: Extracellular Polymeric Substances from Penicillium expansum reduce Lead (II) and Chromium (VI) Concentrations and other Physicochemical Parameters in Tannery Wastewater
文章编号: N25041009
期刊: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution
作者: Olufemi Adewale Adeniran, Aliyu Salihu, Abdullahi Balarabe Sallau, Sani Ibrahim, Muhammed Tijani Isa
更新时间: 2025-04-10
摘要:

Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are a collection of organic molecules from microbial metabolism, secreted outside the cell to counteract effects of harsh environment, a process that has enabled the application of the biopolymer for wastewater treatment. Reduction in concentration of lead II (Pb²⁺) and chromium VI (Cr⁶⁺) together with other physicochemical parameters from tannery wastewater by EPS from Penicillium expansum was studied. The maximum removal of Pb²⁺ and Cr⁶⁺ were 23.13% and 17.83% respectively under optimized removal conditions of 180 rpm agitation, 90 mg/L EPS concentration, 5.0 pH at 40 °C using a 2-h residence time. However, this low percentage removal of Pb²⁺ and Cr⁶⁺ in the tannery wastewater called for more batches of removal process under optimized conditions. After subjecting the EPS to four batches of removal process, 100% and 89.75% removal of Pb²⁺ and Cr⁶⁺ respectively were achieved in less than 8 h. Based on this, FTIR Analyses showed frequency shifts in alkenyl (C = C), hydroxyl (OH) and carbonyl (C = O) functional groups, and molecular overlapping in the EPS was observed on scanning electron micrograph. Physicochemical parameters in the tannery wastewater were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced by 50% or more with the exception of pH after the duration of the biosorption process. The findings in this study showed that EPS produced by P. expansum could significantly (p < 0.05) decrease the concentrations of Pb²⁺, Cr⁶⁺ and other heavy metals as well as other tannery wastewater physicochemical properties that contributed to its polluting effect.

308. 题目: Remediation strategy of biochar with different addition approaches on antibiotic resistance genes in riparian zones under dry wet alternation
文章编号: N25041008
期刊: Journal of Hazardous Materials
作者: Yufang Chen, Zhenhua Yan, Pengpeng Su, Shiqi Liu, Xi Chen, Runren Jiang, Guanghua Lu, Saiyu Yuan
更新时间: 2025-04-10
摘要: The global prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) has aroused increasing concern due to its threat to ecological security and human health. Although biochar has been widely used for pollution remediation including ARGs, little is known its regulation on antibiotics and ARGs propagation under riparian zones, where undergo frequent occurrence of dry and wet alternations (DWA) caused by water-level fluctuation. Therefore, this study investigated the regulative effects of biochar through different addition approaches on ARGs spread in riparian zone sediments. Under DWA, the presence of biochar (2% w/w) inhibited microbial diversity and function expression, especially for tiled biochar. In addition, compared with DWA, the tiled biochar decreased ARGs abundance by 45.36%, while the well-mixed increased that by 269.02%. The ARGs abundance in sediments was positively correlated with mobile genetic element abundance (R²=0.996, p<0.05), indicative of high horizontal gene transfer potential of ARGs. Metabolomics revealed that both DWA and biochar significantly altered microbial metabolism pathways in sediments, involving sulfur metabolism and histidine metabolism. Furthermore, ARGs propagation in riparian zones may be dominantly driven by MGEs, especially by transposases and integrase. These findings highlight the tiled biochar remediation effects on ARGs in riparian zones under DWA caused by global warming.

309. 题目: Impacts of chlorine disinfection of municipal sewage effluent on receiving rivers: changes in organic matter and microbial communities
文章编号: N25041007
期刊: Journal of Hazardous Materials
作者: Du Su, Weiwei Ben, Bjarne W Strobel, Zhimin Qiang
更新时间: 2025-04-10
摘要: Effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) can impact various aspects of receiving aquatic ecosystems, yet the specific effects of chlorine disinfection of effluents on these ecosystems remain poorly understood. In this study, a simulated flow-through channel system was employed to evaluate the changes in water quality and microbial community in receiving rivers resulting from the discharge of WWTP effluent, with or without chlorination. Results showed that dissolved organic matter (DOM) in secondary effluent from WWTPs exhibited higher fluorescence intensity and elevated levels of biopolymers, humic acids, and low molecular weight compounds compared to river water. Microbial analysis revealed that the input of secondary effluent promoted the proliferation of diverse microbial communities in periphyton of the receiving water, while the chlorinated effluents selectively inhibited chlorine-sensitive taxa in periphyton and favored chlorine-tolerant ones. Chlorine disinfection effectively reduced most pathogens in effluents; however, certain genera, such as Neisseriaceae and Escherichia-Shigella, persisted. Moreover, exposure to chlorinated effluent significantly elevated the relative abundance of Pseudomonas in periphyton compared to other conditions, raising concerns about the persistence of chlorine-tolerant pathogens in aquatic environments. These findings highlight the critical need to further evaluate the impact of the disinfection process in WWTPs on the long-term health and stability of riverine ecosystems.

310. 题目: Responses of aggregate-associated carbon and their fractions to different positions in a karst valley of Southwest China
文章编号: N25041006
期刊: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
作者: Lei Ma, Manyi Li, Cheng Li, Zheng Mao, Chen Wang, Mingze Xu, Dongxue Zhu, Hongtao Si, Shiwei Liu, Pujia Yu
更新时间: 2025-04-10
摘要:

Changes in aggregate-associated carbon and their fractions are vital for soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. However, changes in SOC contents and their fractions in different soil aggregates under different landform positions in karst regions remain unclear. Soil samples were collected from the valley bottom (VAFL), dip slope (DIPS), and anti-dip slope (ANTD) in a karst valley of Southwest China. These soil samples were then divided into three aggregates including macroaggregate (> 0.25 mm), microaggregate (0.053–0.25 mm), and silt and clay (< 0.053 mm) using wet sieving methods. Contents of total SOC and their three oxidized carbon fractions (F1: easily oxidized carbon fraction, F2: oxidized carbon fraction, and F3: stable carbon fraction) were measured. Compared with ANTD, total SOC contents, microaggregate-associated carbon contents, and SOC contents in silt and clay fraction decreased by 37.90%, 38.41%, and 40.07%, respectively, under VAFL, and by 12.95%, 11.65%, and 15.60%, respectively, under DIPS. Contents of F1 and F2 fraction under VAFL were significantly lower than those under ANTD and DIPS in bulk soil, microaggregate, and silt and clay. The mean percentages of F2 in total SOC in bulk soil, macroaggregate, microaggregate, and silt and clay were 43.66%, 43.81%, 45.67%, and 41.70%, respectively, while the percentages of F1 were 25.08%, 25.04%, 25.68%, and 24.86%, respectively. Compared with DIPS, SOC stability under ANTD and VAFL increased by 6.59% and 8.44%, respectively. These findings emphasized the influence of landform positions on the carbon contents in different soil aggregates, and deepened the understanding of SOC accumulation mechanisms in Southwest China.

311. 题目: Driving variables to explain soil organic carbon dynamics: páramo highlands of the Ecuadorian Real mountain range
文章编号: N25041005
期刊: Journal of Soils and Sediments
作者: Andrés A Beltrán-Dávalos, Johanna Elizabeth Ayala Izurieta, Magdy Echeverría, Carlos Arturo Jara Santillán, Jochem Verrelst, Jesús Delegido, Agustín Merino, X L Otero
更新时间: 2025-04-10
摘要:

Purpose

Large soil organic carbon (SOC) reserves and a high soil capacity for SOC storage within an ecosystem contribute to mitigating the release of carbon into the atmosphere. Developing new spatially-explicit SOC estimation methods at local and micro-watershed scales is essential for gaining landscape understanding of SOC variability.

Methods

This study provides new insights into the spatial variability of SOC in the Andean páramo soils. A range of variables from different sources (i.e., geophysical, meteorological, topographic, and spectral) were analyzed to identify driving variables to explain the SOC dynamic in the Andean páramo highlands of the Real range in the central region of Ecuador. This information was used to calibrate a SOC prediction model using Classification and Regression Trees (CART) and soil data samples from the 0–30 cm soil horizon.

Results

Eight key variables linking with the SOC storage were used to calibrate the model for SOC estimation with an accuracy of 67% with an RMSE value of 2.17%. Results reveal that sand content emerged as the most significant variable, while taxonomic suborder and protected area variables provided crucial supplementary information. This study improves the ability to detect changes in SOC, particularly in smaller areas where traditional predictors, often more suitable for regional or national assessments, may exhibit insufficient explanatory power.

Conclusion

The Andean páramo highlands of the Real range show high capacity for storing SOC, with values ranging from 3.5% to 19%. This variability highlights the ecosystem's importance as a globally relevant carbon reservoir.

312. 题目: An improved model for estimating soil organic matter content in salt-affected farmlands based on multi-source spectral data coupled with environmental variables
文章编号: N25041004
期刊: Journal of Soils and Sediments
作者: Qidong Ding, Huayu Huang, Junhua Zhang, Lingbin Yang, Keli Jia
更新时间: 2025-04-10
摘要:

Purpose

Accurate estimation of soil organic matter (SOM) content in a timely manner is crucial for soil management in salt-affected farmlands. The aim of the present study was to develop a machine learning model for SOM estimation in salt-affected farmlands using multi-source remote sensing data coupled with environmental variables.

Materials and methods

SOM content and ground hyperspectral reflectance (H) were measured in nine representative farmland sites of the Hetao Plain, northern China. Multi-source remote sensing images were acquired by Landsat 9 OLI (L), Sentinel- 2 MSI (S), and Sentinel- 1 SAR. In addition to single bands, 13 spectral indices (SI) were constructed and 11 environmental variables (EV) were introduced for SOM modeling. After variable selection by the gradient boosting machine, random forest models were developed based on different variable combination strategies.

Results

The SOM contents in the study area were generally low (2.24–23.70 g·kg⁻¹) with moderate spatial heterogeneity. Temperature, precipitation, evapotranspiration, and combined radar polarimetric indices contributed substantially to SOM modeling. The model based on H + L + S + SI + EV showed the best performance, and its R² value (0.893 in the validation set) was 0.249–0.318 greater than those of the models based on H + SI + EV, S + SI + EV, and L + SI + EV.

Conclusion

Shapley Additive exPlanations analysis identified mean annual precipitation as the overarching environmental variable influencing SOM estimation. Accurate mapping of SOM distribution across the study area was achieved using the optimal model with Sentinel- 2 images. This study presents a useful tool for rapid monitoring of SOM in salt-affected farmlands over large scales.

313. 题目: Role of biochar in enhancing the performance of low-carbon MSWI fly ash/bottom ash-based cementitious materials: Harmful component adsorption and mechanisms
文章编号: N25041003
期刊: Chemical Engineering Journal
作者: Tong Zhao, Siqi Zhang, Huifen Yang, Zeping Wu, Wen Ni, Anlin Shao
更新时间: 2025-04-10
摘要: Utilizing municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (MSWI BA) to solidify MSWI fly ash (FA) and produce MSWI FA/BA-based cementitious materials (BFM) offers a promising approach for hazardous waste utilization. However, the low hydration activity of MSWI BA and the high concentrations of harmful substances in MSWI FA limit BFM’s potential. To address these challenges, biochar (BC) can be added to regulate harmful substance content and enhance performance, however Supporting Data are lacking. In this study, BC-enhanced BFM (BBFM) was prepared, and its hydration and immobilization mechanisms were investigated using TEM, NMR, XPS, and ion simulation. The results revealed that adding 10 % BC optimized the pore structure of BBFM (gel pores increased from 16.0 %/46.9 % to 46.1 %/78.3 % at 3d/28d), improved the initial water absorption rate (11.12 × 10⁻³ mm/s^1/2, CK1-28d; 12.55 × 10⁻³ mm/s^1/2, BC10-28d), CO₂ capture (9.55 %/7.78 %, CK1-3d/28d; 10.94 %/9.12 %, BC10-3d/28d), and compressive strength (2.02/15.77 MPa, CK1-3d/28d; 4.87/28.79 MPa, BC10-3d/28d). BC’s porous structure regulated the Cl and S content through adsorption, promoting the generation of multiple hydration products and increasing crystallization nucleation sites. Pb/Zn immobilization occurred in two stages: first, the adsorption contact sites between PbOH⁺/ZnOH⁺ and OH^– in C–(A)–S–H gel increased, facilitating the formation of ≡Si–O–Pb/Zn = and ≡Si–O–Si–Pb/Zn = bonds. Subsequently, the C–(A)–S–H gel encapsulated the surface-adsorbed Pb/Zn, generating low-solubility residuals. For As/Cr, BC incorporation enhanced chemical contact sites between Cr/As and hydration products, facilitating the oxidation of Cr³⁺/As(III) to Cr⁶⁺/As(V). Preliminary calculations indicated that adding 10 % BC reduced CO₂ emissions by 12.94 % and increased the strength-benefit coefficient by 97.08 %. This work enhances understanding of BC-enhanced BBFM mechanisms, which is essential for carbon reduction, environmental protection, and waste utilization

314. 题目: Organic acid promoting the degradation of nonylphenol by persistent free radicals in biochar
文章编号: N25041002
期刊: Chemical Engineering Journal
作者: Jie Ji, He Zhang, Feichao Zhang, Yao Wu, Han Zhang, Ziwei Mei, Wenxuan Zhou, Liang Li, Hong Tao, Meicheng Wen
更新时间: 2025-04-10
摘要: The environmental and health impacts of nonylphenol (NP) have led to increased efforts in developing green and efficient treatment methods. This study prepared biochar (BC) from pine leaves and sludge at 300 °C and 400 °C, and added organic acid to regulate persistent free radicals (PFRs) for continuous reactive oxygen species (ROS) production to degrade NP. Low-temperature biochar contained more oxygen containing functional groups, enhancing redox reactions. Organic acid effectively regulated pH and provided electrons, promoting high-redox-potential ROS generation in the organic acid-biochar (OA-BC) PFRs system, significantly increasing NP degradation. Notably, 85.71 % of NP was removed using 0.2 g/L 300 °C sludge-derived biochar and 20 mM citric acid. Quenching experiments confirmed that hydroxyl radicals (OH) played the most significant role in NP degradation. Electrochemical tests and DFT calculations showed that biochar-PFRs can mediate electron transfer from organic acid, maintaining stable ROS generation. This research offers valuable insights into ROS generation and a novel approach for NP degradation.

315. 题目: Solubility characteristics of soil humic substances as a function of pH: mechanisms and biogeochemical perspectives
文章编号: N25041001
期刊: Biogeosciences
作者: Xuemei Yang, Jie Zhang, Khan M G Mostofa, Mohammad Mohinuzzaman, H Henry Teng, Nicola Senesi, Giorgio S Senesi, Jie Yuan, Yu Liu, Si-Liang Li, Xiaodong Li, Baoli Wang, Cong-Qiang Liu
更新时间: 2025-04-10
摘要: . Soil humic substances (HSs) typically alter their electrochemical behaviours in the pH range of 1–12, which simultaneously regulates the stability of organo-minerals by modifying the HS functionalities. This process facilitates both biotic and abiotic transformations, which consequently leads to the export of degradative byproducts (e.g. HS components, nutrients) from soils into surrounding aquatic environments through water and/or rainwater discharges. However, the solubility features, environmental consequences, and mechanisms of HSs, including humic acids (HAs), fulvic acids (FAs), and protein-like substances (PLSs), under different pHs remain unclear. To respond to these issues, we used two soil extracts which were fractionated in the pH range from 12–1. The pH-dependent presence or absence of fluorescence peaks in the individual HS components reflected their functional group proton/electron exchange features at both low and high pH values, which were related to their solubility or insolubility. In particular, alkaline pH (≥pH 9) yielded the anionic forms (-O- and -COO-) of phenolic OH and carboxyl groups of HACS, resulting in decreased electron/proton transfer from HS functionalities, as indicated by the decline of fluorescence peak maxima, whereas the protonic functionalities (e.g. –COOH, –OH) of HSs at lower pH resulted in the formation of highly available and remaining uncomplexed HS forms. The solubility of HA fractions increases with increasing pH, whereas their insolubility increases with decreasing pH, which determines their initial precipitation at pH 6 and final precipitation at pH 1, amounting approximately to 39.1 %–49.2 % and 3.1 %–24.1 % of the total dissolved organic matter (DOM), respectively, in the two soils. Elemental analysis results demonstrated that the C and N contents of HALS-pH 6 were lower and that those of O, S, and H were higher than those of HACS-pH 6, suggesting the preservation of C and N without S acquisition in HACS-pH 6, possibly because of their being complexed with minerals, which, in turn, would determine the insolubility of the HACS-pH 6 fraction. FACS + PLSCS showed relatively higher C and S contents and lower O% with respect to FALS + PLSLS, implying that FACS + PLSCS would remain under mineral protection. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) results show significantly reduced infrared absorptions (e.g. 3300–3600 and 800–1200 cm−1) of HACS-pH 6 with respect to HALS-pH 6, suggesting the existence of strong intermolecular interactions among HA functional groups, possibly due to insoluble forms originally complexed with minerals. However, FALS + PLSLS exhibited stronger bands at 3414–3429 and 1008–1018 cm−1 than FACS + PLSCS, implying a strong interaction among functional groups possibly derived from various organo-mineral complexes in FACS + PLSCS. These results would indicate that HS insolubility arises via organo-metal and organo-mineral interactions at alkaline pH, along with HApH 6 insolubility via rainwater/water discharge, whereas HApH 2 + FA + PLS appears to be soluble at acidic pH, thereby being transported in ambient waters via rainwater/water discharge and groundwater infiltration. Therefore, the pH-dependent behaviour of soil HSs greatly contributes to a better understanding of the progressive transformation, mobility/transportation, and immobility/accumulation of HS components under various environmental conditions, with relevant implications for sustainable soil management practices and soil DOM dynamics.

316. 题目: Predictive Capability of Dye Removal from Wastewater Using Biochar by a Rough Set Machine Learning Model
文章编号: N25040915
期刊: ACS ES&T Engineering
作者: Paramasivan Balasubramanian, Muhil Raj Prabhakar, Chong Liu, Fayong Li, Zipeng Zhang, Pengyan Zhang
更新时间: 2025-04-09
摘要: Dye removal from wastewater treatment plants has gained attention in the waste management sector, necessitating advanced prediction techniques for effective planning and execution. While numerous machine learning studies have explored dye removal using biochar, a lack of general rules for various wastewater sources remains. This study employs rough set machine learning (RSML) to predict dye removal based on decision attributes, generating IF-THEN rules to classify conditional attributes. Key attributes identified include solution pH, temperature, and the initial concentration ratio of biochar to dye, which are critical for accurate predictions of the dye removal efficiency. The model produced 45, 23, and 39 rules for methylene blue, crystal violet, and Congo red, respectively, with 14, 11, and 15 approximate rules. The RSML achieved more than 80% accuracy for all three dyes, outperforming the existing classifiers. These findings have significant implications for establishing scientific rules in future dye removal research using biochar adsorption, enhancing the effectiveness of wastewater treatment processes.

317. 题目: Enhancing soil phosphorus availability with the application of moderate P-laden magnetic biochar as a slow-release fertilizer
文章编号: N25040914
期刊: Chemical Engineering Journal
作者: Hongjuan Xin, Yuanyuan Lu, Xiangtian Yang, Weidong Feng, Hekang Xiao, Chunlong Liu, Fayong Li, Xinqiang Liang
更新时间: 2025-04-09
摘要: With the increasing scarcity of phosphate rock, recyclable materials are expected to effectively reduce phosphorus (P) losses while enhancing soil-available P. This study aimed to assess the effects and mechanisms of P-laden magnetic biochar (P-MB) on the P-leaching potential and soil-available P. The experimental design included six treatments: CK (control), CF (inorganic P fertilizer application), and varying ratios of P-MB (BC-25%, BC-50%, BC-75%, and BC-100%) as substitutes for inorganic P fertilizer. The results showed that P-MB reduced the P content in the surface water and the total water-dispersible particle P content in the soil, and this effect increased with increasing substitution ratios. Notably, compared to the CF treatment, the BC-100% treatment reduced the medium-sized particle P (MPP) content and coarse-sized particle P (CPP) content by 22.91–37.85% and 13.09–24.04%, respectively, while increasing the nano-sized particle P (NPP) contents by 19.23–56.82%, mainly attributed to P-MB promoting the activity of beneficial genera such as Clostridium and Turicibacter. Solution ³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance (³¹P NMR) analysis revealed that 25% P-MB increased the proportion of orthophosphate compared to CF, providing more soil available P. However, a higher P-MB ratio led to a decline in this effect, likely because of the strong P adsorption capacity of the iron compounds in P-MB. A rice cultivation experiment further proved that the BC-25% treatment resulted in the highest plant biomass across all treatments. These findings suggest that a moderate substitution ratio of P-MB helps reduce the soil P-leaching potential and provides more available P for plant growth.

318. 题目: Ammonium salt stress-dependent compositional alteration in EPS from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans subsp. Desulfuricans and its mediating role in PbS QDs biosynthesis
文章编号: N25040913
期刊: Chemical Engineering Journal
作者: Liyao Chen, Xiangwu Huang, Zuoyi Yang, Weifeng Song, Zhixin Wu, Jinfu Li, Chuanying Tu, Guangwen Zheng, Xiangdan Zhang, Xiaoyan Bai
更新时间: 2025-04-09
摘要: Microorganisms and their extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play a crucial role in the adsorption and removal of heavy metals. This study investigated the effects of ammonium salt (NH₄Cl, (NH₄)₂C₂O₄, and NH₄HCO₃) stress/induction on the EPS components of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans subsp. desulfuricans (D. desulfuricans subsp. desulfuricans) and their Pb(II) adsorption properties. In addition, EPS could mediate the biosynthesis of PbS quantum dots (QDs). The results revealed that EPS yield and Pb(II) equilibrium adsorption reached their maximum under 2.0 g/L NH₄Cl stress/induction. 3D-EEM, FTIR, and XPS analyses demonstrated that stress/induction increased the protein-like content and the quantity of functional groups in EPS, including –COOH, C=O, and –SH. After stress/induction, the production of acidic amino acids Glu and Asp in EPS increased by 53.02 % and 45.91 %, respectively. These amino acids offered numerous sites for Pb(II) adsorption and facilitated the rapid nucleation of PbS QDs. FTIR, XRD, TEM, BET, and zeta potential analyses showed that EPS participated in the biosynthesis of PbS QDs through Pb(II) adsorption and microcavity formation. The PbS QDs demonstrated exceptional properties such as fluorescence, stable crystal structure, uniform particle size, high specific surface area, and stable electrochemical properties. This study provides a theoretical foundation for heavy metal wastewater treatment and resource utilization.

319. 题目: Spatio-temporal dynamics variation of dissolved organic matter and water quality parameters in Giheung Reservoir: A vertical perspective.
文章编号: N25040912
期刊: Journal of Environmental Management
作者: Ziyu Lin, Hye-Ji Oh, Kwang-Hyeon Chang, Juin Yau Lim, Jong-Min Oh
更新时间: 2025-04-09
摘要: Water reservoirs in densely populated areas play a crucial role in water supply, irrigation, and flood regulation. This study investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and its interactions with water quality parameters in Giheung Reservoir, South Korea. Monthly water samples were collected at three depths, measuring fifteen physicochemical properties alongside DOM characterization using Excitation-Emission Matrix Parallel Factor Analysis (EEM-PARAFAC), identifying four DOM components: C1 (microbial protein-like), C2 (humic-like), C3 (terrestrial humic-like), and C4 (tyrosine/tryptophan-like). Seasonal stratification influenced DOM distribution, with humic-like DOM (C2, C3) accumulating in deeper layers during summer, while protein-like DOM (C1, C4) dominated surface waters due to enhanced biological productivity, and mixing periods homogenizing DOM across depths. The dimictic thermal regime, with moderate summer stratification and full mixing in spring and autumn, governed these patterns. 2D correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) identified sequential DOM variation across layers, with humic-like DOM increasing at depth during stratification. Fluorescence indices-Fluorescence Index (FI), Humification Index (HIX), and Biological Index (BIX)-were integrated into structural equation modeling (SEM), showing that temperature and dissolved oxygen strongly drive protein-like DOM, while nitrogen and phosphorus compounds shape DOM reactivity. These findings enhance understanding of DOM biogeochemical processes and provide valuable insights for reservoir management to maintain water quality.

320. 题目: Oxytetracycline Hydrochloride Adsorption by Biochar From Loofah Sponge Using Response Surface Method
文章编号: N25040911
期刊: Clean - Soil Air Water
作者: Fanbao Deng, Jihong Zhao, Xiaoqian Yin, Xue Song, Yongde Liu, Jie Zhang, Tianrun Bai, Liwen Zhang
更新时间: 2025-04-09
摘要: A potential biochar (KLSF‐BC) was prepared by pyrolysis of loofah sponge (LS) at 600°C using KOH as an activator to adsorb oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTCH). The response surface method (RSM) was applied to obtain the best preparation parameters (the first pyrolysis temperature of 573°C and pyrolysis time of 138 min, LSF‐BC/KOH, 1:3, m/m) and adsorption conditions (OTCH concentration: 100 mg L−1, adsorbent dosage: 0.84 g L−1, adsorption time: 28 min, initial solution pH: 5.1), under which the adsorption capacity of KLSF‐BC for OTCH was 662.96 mg g−1. The adsorption data of OTCH on KLSF‐BC conformed to the pseudo‐second‐order model and Freundlich model. The removal mechanisms of OTCH involved hydrogen bonding, π–π EDA interaction, pore filling, and electrostatic interactions. The study confirmed the great potential and significant application prospects of KLSF‐BC for removing OTCH from wastewater, providing a valuable reference for biomass resource utilization and antibiotics treatment.