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21. 题目: Fluorescence Damping as Primary Interference Mechanism of Humic Acids on qPCR Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 in Wastewater Surveillance
文章编号: N25041809
期刊: Journal of Hazardous Materials
作者: Min Ki Jeon, Tao Yan
更新时间: 2025-04-18
摘要: Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is a widely used technology for the detection and quantification of nucleic acids in wastewater surveillance. However, the presence of inhibiting and/or interfering substances in wastewater samples, in particular humic acids, can significantly impact the accuracy and reliability of qPCR results. In this study, we investigated the impact of humic acids on qPCR reactions and determined the relative importance of various inhibition/interference mechanisms through spiked experiments and modeling. Our results showed that higher concentrations of humic acids led to increasing threshold cycle (C_T) values, which however cannot be adequately described by the polymerase inhibition model and the DNA template complexation model. Further inspection showed that humic acids caused fluorescence damping of the FAM reporter dye, resulting in an overall decrease in fluorescence intensity. Modeling of the fluorescence damping effect showed that the C_T values of qPCR reactions can be corrected based on end-point fluorescence reduction. Similar observations and corrections were also achieved when SARS-CoV-2 cDNA was spiked with an actual wastewater sludge cDNA.

22. 题目: Release and Redistribution of Arsenic Associated with Ferrihydrite Driven by Aerobic Humification of Exogenous Soil Organic Matter
文章编号: N25041808
期刊: Environmental Science & Technology
作者: Wenfeng Huang, Jingyi Zhang, Bo Chen, Xiangyang Gui, Zehong Zhang, Liyang Hu, Jun Liang, Xinde Cao, Xiaoyun Xu
更新时间: 2025-04-18
摘要: Humification of exogenous soil organic matter (ESOM) remodels the organic compositions and microbial communities of soil, thus exerting potential impacts on the biogeochemical transformation of iron (hydr)oxides and associated trace metals. Here, we conducted a 70-day incubation experiment to investigate how aerobic straw humification influenced the repartitioning of arsenic (As) associated with ferrihydrite in paddy soil. Results showed that the humification was characterized by rapid OM degradation (1–14 days) and subsequent slow maturation (14–70 days). During the degradation stage, considerable As (13.1 mg·L^–1) was released into the aqueous phase, which was reimmobilized to the solid phase in the maturation stage. Meanwhile, the low-crystalline structural As/Fe was converted to a more stable species, with a subtle crystalline phase transformation. The generated highly unsaturated and phenolic compounds and enriched Enterobacter and Sphingomonas induced ferrihydrite (∼3.1%) and As(V) reduction, leading to As release during the degradation stage. In the maturation stage, carboxylic-rich alicyclic molecules facilitated the aqueous As reimmobilization. Throughout the humification process, organo-mineral complexes formed between OM and ferrihydrite via C–O–Fe bond contributed to the solid-phase As/Fe stabilization. Collectively, this work highlighted the ESOM humification-driven iron (hydr)oxide transformation and associated As redistribution, advancing our understanding of the coupled biogeochemical behaviors of C, Fe, and As in soil.

23. 题目: Modelling the effect of climate–substrate interactions on soil organic matter decomposition with the Jena Soil Model
文章编号: N25041807
期刊: Biogeosciences
作者: Marleen Pallandt, Marion Schrumpf, Holger Lange, Markus Reichstein, Lin Yu, Bernhard Ahrens
更新时间: 2025-04-18
摘要: . Soil organic carbon (SOC) is the largest terrestrial carbon pool, but it is still uncertain how it will respond to climate change. Specifically, the fate of SOC due to concurrent changes in soil temperature and moisture is uncertain. It is generally accepted that microbially driven SOC decomposition will increase with warming, provided that sufficient soil moisture (and hence sufficient C substrate) is available for microbial decomposition. We use a mechanistic, microbially explicit SOC decomposition model, the Jena Soil Model (JSM), and focus on the depolymerisation of litter and microbial residues by microbes at different soil depths as well as the sensitivities of the depolymerisation of litter and microbial residues to soil warming and different drought intensities. In a series of model experiments, we test the effects of soil warming and droughts on SOC stocks, in combination with different temperature sensitivities (Q10 values) for the half-saturation constant Km (Q10,Km) associated with the breakdown of litter or microbial residues. We find that soil warming can lead to SOC losses at a timescale of a century and that these losses are highest in the topsoil (compared with the subsoil). Droughts can alleviate the effects of soil warming and reduce SOC losses, by posing strong microbial limitation on the depolymerisation rates, and even lead to SOC accumulation, provided that litter inputs remain unchanged. While absolute SOC losses were highest in the topsoil, we found that the temperature and moisture sensitivities of Km were important drivers of SOC losses in the subsoil – where microbial biomass is low and mineral-associated OC is high. Furthermore, a combination of drought and different Q10,Km values associated with different enzymes for the breakdown of litter or microbial residues had counteracting effects on the overall SOC balance. In this study, we show that, while absolute SOC changes driven by soil warming and drought are highest in the topsoil, SOC in the subsoil is more sensitive to warming and drought due to the intricate interplay between Km, temperature, soil moisture, and mineral-associated SOC.

24. 题目: Electronic differences based on fluoroquinolone and piperazine groups: Preparation of copper-manganese doped biochar to optimize adsorption patterns and selective recognition of ciprofloxacin
文章编号: N25041806
期刊: Separation and Purification Technology
作者: Jiangmei Zhao, Shuyi Yang, Changlong Bi, Chong Peng, Yuanfei Wang, Yun Li, Tao E
更新时间: 2025-04-18
摘要: The high stability of fluoroquinolone and piperazine groups on ciprofloxacin (CIP) makes it difficult to be degraded in aqueous environment. In this study, copper-manganese co-modified biochar (CMBC) selectively recognized CIP was prepared by using the electron giving difference of these two groups. Manganese (Mn) acts as π electron donor to interact with the fluoroquinolone group containing the empty orbital in CIP. Copper (Cu) undergoes dsp² hybridization upon interaction with CIP to form four empty orbitals, which admit electrons from the piperazine group. The combined effect of CMBC on fluoroquinolone and piperazine groups makes CIP easily adsorbed in parallel mode, and the maximum removal rate reaches 95.21%. The tolerance of CMBC is evaluated in different ionic strengths, humic acids (HA) and actual water bodies. Molecular dynamics (MD) and density functional theory (DFT) are used to investigate the interaction mechanism and adsorption mode between CMBC and CIP. This study not only prepares adsorbents with selective recognition of CIP but also offers a reference for analyzing the adsorption pathway, manner and mechanism during the adsorption process.

25. 题目: Coordination Polymer Packaging Approach for Simplifying the Isolation and Recovery of Dissolved Organic Matter from Water
文章编号: N25041805
期刊: Environmental Science & Technology
作者: Junlang Qiu, Yangjian Zhou, Chunhua Feng, Guosheng Chen, Xin Yang
更新时间: 2025-04-18
摘要: Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is the most abundant carbon substance in the hydrosphere, and its participation in the global carbon cycle makes it crucial for global warming issues. The isolation and recovery of DOM, however, remain formidable challenges. Herein, we report a simple yet efficient coordination polymer packaging (CPP) strategy for DOM isolation and recovery in water samples. This method relies on a DOM-triggered coordination polymer deposition principle, akin to natural biomineralization, transforming hard-to-separate DOM to undissolving precipitate within 1 min. The DOM-encased coordination polymer is acid-sensitive, facilitating the DOM recovery by simply acidifying the solution to pH 6. This CPP approach achieves ∼90% isolation and ∼80% recovery efficiency across a wide range of DOM concentrations and exhibits excellent stability under diverse environmental conditions, with an estimated cost of $4.1 per gram of DOM isolated per ton of water, which is 3 orders of magnitude cheaper than existing methods. The feasibility of the CPP approach was demonstrated with real water samples, including surface water, wastewater, and landfill leachate. We believe this straightforward, facile, time-saving, and cost-effective approach holds significant potential to refine the hydrospheric carbon recycle by simplifying DOM management and thereby contributing to mitigating the adverse global climate changes.

26. 题目: Nano-Selenium Modified Green Eggshell Biochar Reduces Cadmium Accumulation in Shallots (Allium schoenoprasum L.)
文章编号: N25041804
期刊: Environmental Research
作者: Changwei Lai, Huiqing Yang, Zicheng Guo, Heyuan Yi, Tengbing He, Miao Chen, Guandi He
更新时间: 2025-04-18
摘要: Green eggshell biochar, a renewable biomass material, demonstrates promising potential for environmental remediation. This study systematically prepared biochar under varying pyrolysis conditions and identified nano-selenium-modified biochar (produced at 600°C for 3 hours, termed 6-3S) as the optimal formulation for cadmium (Cd) immobilization. Compared to untreated soil, the 6-3S biochar reduced bioavailable Cd content by 38.65% in contaminated soil. Correspondingly, Cd accumulation in shallot tissues decreased by 56.64% (white parts) and 82.69% (green parts). Furthermore, the 6-3S treatment enhanced plant selenium levels by 21.3–29.8% and preserved leaf microstructure integrity, reducing stomatal deformation by 44.2% compared to controls. Additionally, Nitro Blue Tetrazolium (NBT) staining area decreased from 39.03% to 24.00%, indicating reduced oxidative stress. These dual effects—Cd suppression and selenium enrichment—significantly improved shallot quality and safety. The findings establish a scientific foundation for deploying nano-selenium-modified biochar in heavy metal-contaminated agricultural systems.

27. 题目: A complete review on the surface functional groups in pyrolyzed biochar and its interaction mechanism with heavy metal in water
文章编号: N25041803
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Hai Lin, Jiquan Xie, Yingbo Dong, Junfei Liu, Kai Meng, Qi Jin
更新时间: 2025-04-18
摘要: Heavy metal pollution in water has become a major environmental issue. Among the various methods for heavy metal treatment, pyrolyzed biochar is widely used due to its high adsorption rate and diverse physicochemical properties. The effectiveness of biochar in removing heavy metals is closely related to the types and characteristics of its surface functional groups. This article systematically reviews the classification and characteristics of surface functional groups on pyrolyzed biochar, with a focus on the types of oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur functional groups and their mechanisms of action in the adsorption of heavy metals. The article analyzes the impact of pyrolysis conditions and raw materials on the formation of these functional groups and points out that surface functional groups enhance the removal efficiency of heavy metals by biochar through charge interactions, coordination complexation, and physical adsorption, among other mechanisms. The article also provides a detailed summary of methods and effects for regulating surface functional groups and offers suggestions for future research, including the development of pollution-free functional group introduction techniques and the exploration of potential applications of biochar in other fields.

28. 题目: Photoproduction of Acetaldehyde from Bacteria-Derived Dissolved Organic Matter
文章编号: N25041802
期刊: Environmental Science & Technology
作者: Royston Uning, Yuko Omori, Shigeki Wada, Hiroshi Tanimoto
更新时间: 2025-04-18
摘要: We explored the photoproduction of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) from marine bacteria-derived dissolved organic matter (B-DOM). B-DOM was obtained from the growth phase to the stationary phase in a culture experiment with marine bacteria in coastal seawater. B-DOM composition was evaluated through chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) (e.g., amino acid-like, humic-like). Photoproduced OVOCs from B-DOM were measured using Proton Transfer Reaction Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS). Acetaldehyde was photoproduced from B-DOM in proportion to light exposure time, with photoproduction rates of 0.20–0.51 nM h^–1. However, no direct quantitative relationship between the acetaldehyde photoproduction rates and the levels of CDOM or FDOM was observed. Since acetaldehyde photoproduction was highest during the growth phase of the bacterial culture, it was suggested that the fraction of B-DOM susceptible to microbial degradation contributes to the source of acetaldehyde. In contrast, the photoproduction of acetone from B-DOM was minimal, implying sources other than B-DOM are responsible for acetone on the marine surface. These findings suggest that B-DOM has the potential to generate acetaldehyde upon solar exposure, with implications for understanding the contribution of microbial-derived organic matter to the production of these compounds in the marine environment.

29. 题目: From waste to soil: The pivotal role of organic matter in soil aggregate formation under dry and wet conditions
文章编号: N25041801
期刊: Plant and Soil
作者: Zijing Lu, Hengshuang Wang, Jiazhi Liu, Zhixiang Wang, Shaoxian Song, Yinta Li, Ling Xia
更新时间: 2025-04-18
摘要:

Background and aims

Coal tailings, given their limited ecological functionality, frequently necessitate the investigation of innovative resource utilization methods. Soil aggregates, fundamental to soil structure and function, rely heavily on the content of organic matter and moisture during their formation. However, the impact of soluble and insoluble carbon sources on the durability and stability of aggregates under varying wetting conditions remains unclear.

Methods

This study employed kaolinite, a primary component of coal tailings, as a control to examine the formation of large aggregates of tailings under varying organic matter conditions and the stability of these aggregates under wet and dry conditions.

Results

A comparison of coal tailings with high organic matter content to kaolinite, which lacks organic matter, reveals that soluble carbon can significantly and rapidly augment the content of large soil aggregates, particularly under slow wetting treatment conditions, where its content surpasses 3 times that of other treatment groups. The diffusion of insoluble carbon can bolster the aggregation of soil aggregates under both dry and wet conditions. Small soil particles decelerate the decomposition of organic carbon, markedly impacting the stability of the aggregate structure.

Conclusion

The inherent organic matter in the tailings matrix, along with the physicochemical mechanisms dominated by the form of substances (soluble or insoluble), can elucidate the stability process of large aggregates. This study offers a scientific foundation for exploring the field of solid waste resource utilization and soil structure.

30. 题目: Balancing Organic and Inorganic Carbon Dynamics in Enhanced Rock Weathering: Implications for Carbon Sequestration
文章编号: N25041705
期刊: Global Change Biology
作者: Kaiyu Lei, Franziska B Bucka, Pedro P C Teixeira, Franz Buegger, Christopher Just, Ingrid Kögel-Knabner
更新时间: 2025-04-17
摘要: Enhanced rock weathering (ERW) is a promising strategy for CO₂ removal via promoting inorganic carbon (IC) sequestration. However, knowledge gaps persist regarding its influence on the largest terrestrial carbon pool, soil organic carbon (SOC) and how these effects evolve as weathering progresses. This study investigated how basalt weathering influences soil carbon fluxes and organic matter (OM) turnover. Over a 6th-month incubation, we applied fresh basalt (fine-sized, olivine-rich) and weathered basalt (coarse- and fine-sized, olivine-depleted) to temperate cropland topsoil, incorporating with ¹³C-labelled straw. Fresh basalt increases soil pH via rapid H⁺ neutralization during olivine dissolution, releasing soluble Mg²⁺ and increasing bicarbonate alkalinity. Combined with continuous carbonic acid dissociation for olivine dissolution, they synergistically enhance dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) accumulation in soil solution and effluent (~0.4%), promoting soil inorganic carbon (SIC) accrual via carbonate precipitation (~4%). However, rising pH concurrently induces significant SOC losses (~17%), resulting in net C losses of ~13%. As basalt weathering progresses (olivine-depleted), slower H⁺ neutralization and carbonic acid dissociation during less-reactive Ca-bearing mineral dissolution stabilize soil pH, limiting DIC formation. The released Ca²⁺ prioritizes SIC accrual via Ca-carbonate precipitation (~4%). Meanwhile, higher specific surface area (SSA) and exchangeable Ca²⁺ enhance retention and stabilization of both native and straw-derived OC, reducing net C losses (~6%). At both weathering stages, over 95% of total C remaining in soils and effluent exists in organic form. Straw inputs acidify soils by releasing additional free H⁺ during decomposition, competing with carbonic acid for olivine dissolution and reducing bicarbonate alkalinity, which limits the DIC and SIC accrual at both weathering stages. Since soils continuously receive OM input, understanding the balance between these interactive processes is crucial for optimizing long-term carbon sequestration strategies. Therefore, sustaining SOC by minimizing SOC losses should be prioritized for long-term carbon sequestration, besides IC accrual for ERW, particularly as weathering progresses.

31. 题目: High photodegradation of toxic volatile organic compounds by biochar derived Cu doped BiHCC nanocomposites
文章编号: N25041704
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Manviri Rani, , Uma Shanker
更新时间: 2025-04-17
摘要: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including toluene and benzene, predominantly found in chemical and refinery effluents pose severe risks to ecosystems and human health, necessitating their effective removal from water sources. Here, in this study, photocatalytic breakdown of benzene and toluene were carried out using biochar (BC) and Cu co-doped BiHCC nanocomposite by employing plant extract as a reducing agent and coconut shell as a source of biochar and was fabricated via co-precipitation green synthesis method. BC and Cu were efficiently doped with BiHCC, as analysed by microscopy and spectroscopy analysis. The nanocatalysts were examined for VOC removal under a range of reaction conditions to get the maximum removal rate and the optimized condition for VOC degradation was found at pH 7, 50 mg L^-1 of VOCs concentration with 20 mg catalyst loading following first-order kinetics and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Due to its improved surface properties (79.2 m² g^-1; -49.1 eV), decreased hole (h⁺)/electron (e^-) recombination rate with longer life span, and active optical absorption from sunlight (2.0 eV), BC@Cu-BiHCC shows increased photocatalytic activity. According to LC-MS and scavenger analysis, reactive species like superoxide and hydroxyl radicals were produced to break down volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into their safer metabolites. Water treatment and other environmental applications utilizing renewable energy sources might benefit from the usage of the BC@Cu-BiHCC, a sustainable photocatalyst that can be reused for up to seven cycles.

32. 题目: Lung-associated lymph nodes and spleen are major secondary accumulating organs in mice following inhaled black carbon as a surrogate of ultrafine ambient particles
文章编号: N25041703
期刊: Environment International
作者: Gyuri Kim, Soyeon Jeon, Bumjun Park, Seo-Gyeong Jo, Hi-Gyu Moon, Seok-Ho Kim, Yun Suk Huh, Kyuhong Lee, Rodger Duffin, Wan-Seob Cho
更新时间: 2025-04-17
摘要: Despite increasing public concern about the health impact of air pollution, little is known about the biokinetics of ultrafine particles. Herein, we investigate their biokinetics and associated mechanisms underlying organ distribution and extrapulmonary translocation of ambient ultrafine particulate matter in mice. The test materials used in this study were black carbon (BC) generated by a spark discharge soot generator and two reference materials (SRM 2975 and carbon black). The test particles were intratracheally instilled into the lungs of mice at 25 μg/mouse, and the organ burden was evaluated up to 3 months post-instillation. The data showed significant BC accumulation in lung-associated lymph nodes (LALN) and spleen from 1–3 months post-exposure, with no detectable levels in other organs. The reference materials showed a similar distribution pattern, indicating a common extrapulmonary translocation pathway for ultrafine carbon particles deposited in alveoli. This pathway is unique to particles deposited in the alveoli, as direct injection into lymphatic and systemic circulation showed typical organ accumulation (e.g., liver, lung, spleen, and LALN). The results highlight that the unique extrapulmonary translocation of test particles to the LALN and spleen may be due to the particles that escape from the lung being the smallest particles, evading hepatic surveillance but physically entrapped in the spleen’s open circulation.

33. 题目: Reactive transport of different dissolved organic nitrogen components in an unconfined aquifer in China
文章编号: N25041702
期刊: Journal of Hazardous Materials
作者: Yang Liu, Tianyuan Zheng, Bo Guo, Yiheng Tao, Shiqiang Jiang, Min Cao, Xilai Zheng, Jian Luo
更新时间: 2025-04-17
摘要: Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) is often an overlooked form of nitrogen that can leach from the soil into aquifers. The reactive transport and dispersion of DON in aquifers can contribute to regional nitrogen contamination. The current body of research has primarily focused on the vertical leaching process of DON through the vadose zone. However, these studies have largely overlooked the broader reactive transport of DON within aquifers under the influence of groundwater flow. In this study, we investigate the reactive transport of DON under groundwater flow conditions. Utilizing molecular biological technologies, we aim to reveal DON's intrinsic role in the nitrogen cycle within aquifers. Our findings reveal that urea exhibits greater mobility compared to amino acids and proteins. The transport of amino acids and proteins reduces the NO₃^--N concentrations (44.6% and 89.6%) compared to the blank control, while urea leads to the accumulation of NO₃^--N in groundwater (10.1%). Amino acid and protein columns show higher relative abundances of Pseudomonas (10.1% and 7.3%) and Thermomonas (3.9% and 5.1%) with denitrification functions, facilitating denitrification in groundwater. Conversely, the presence of urea increases the relative abundances of Nitrosomonadaceae and Nitrophilus (0.33% and 0.67%), posing a potential NO₃^--N contamination risk. Biotransformation has the greatest effect on protein transport (19.6%), while adsorption mainly influences amino acid transport (12.4%). The study provides fundamental insights into the reactive transport of different DON components in aquifers, which holds important implications for regional groundwater environment protection.

34. 题目: Organic matter and microplastics nexus: A comprehensive understanding of the synergistic impact on soil health
文章编号: N25041701
期刊: Science of the Total Environment
作者: Samra Ijaz, Guijian Liu, Abdul Rehman, Muhammad Irtaza Sajjad Haider, Rabia Safeer, Bisma Sattar, Muhammad Zeeshan Gulzar, Sofia Nosheen, Balal Yousaf
更新时间: 2025-04-17
摘要: The interactional nexus of microplastics (MPs) and organic matter (OM) can subtly disrupt the delicate balance of soil ecosystems, influencing nutrient dynamics, biodiversity, and overall soil health. To explore this complex interplay between MPs and OM concerning several perspectives, a comprehensive keyword search was conducted across key scientific databases, and the retrieved data was curated according to the PRISMA guidelines to reflect the objectives. Several studies have highlighted that organic-based inputs, such as manures, composts, and sewage sludge, widely used for soil amendment, are potential sources of MPs to soil contamination. These coinciding sources of MPs and OM raise potential concerns about their impact on overall soil health. MPs and OM have parallel characteristics and play a critical role in the soil organic carbon (SOC) and dissolved organic matter (DOM), critical for biogeochemical transformations and nutrient cycling. In light of this, the present review explores the multifaceted nexus between MPs and OM, explaining their interaction mechanisms and their effects on the biological and physicochemical properties of the soil. Despite significant implications on soil ecosystem, challenges remain in accurately quantifying the effects of MPs due to the complexities introduced by DOM. The intricate interaction between MPs and DOM can obscure analytical results, complicating efforts to separate and identify these pollutants effectively. Given these challenges, this review underscores the urgent need for innovative methods to characterize and quantify MPs in complex environmental matrices. Finally, we discuss emerging research directions aimed at advancing the detection and management of MPs in soil ecosystems.

35. 题目: Struvite-loaded biochar beads fertilizer for different soils: nutrient slow release, soil properties improvement and heavy metal remediation
文章编号: N25041616
期刊: Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering
作者: Hanbing Li, Yiwen Wang, Yawen Zhao, Man Qi, Li Wang, Jiangtao Feng, Bing Li
更新时间: 2025-04-16
摘要:

This study investigates the use of struviterient-loaded magnesium-modified biochar beads (Ca/MgBC + NP) as a slow-release fertilizer and soil amendment, comparing its performance with commercially available slow-release fertilizers (SRF) in different soils and crop types. The results demonstrate that Ca/MgBC + NP exhibited satisfying swelling, water retention, and slow-release properties in all tested soils. In sandy soil, which showed the most significant differences (p < 0.05), Ca/MgBC + NP enhanced the growth of Brassica chinensis L. and Spinacia oleracea L. after 90 d, with shoot and root lengths, as well as fresh and dry weights, 1.25~~2.84 times higher than those treated with SRF. The cation exchange capacity and organic carbon content of sandy soil were significantly improved (by 38.55% and 265.38%), overcoming its natural limitations in water and fertilizer retention. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) confirmed that soil properties played a crucial role in crop growth (52.67% variance explained). Spectroscopic analysis indicated that magnesium-related compounds, including struvite and Mg(PO₄)₃, contributed to the observed growth promotion. Furthermore, Ca/MgBC + NP effectively immobilized heavy metals, particularly Cr and Hg, with immobilization rates exceeding 80%. This study highlights the potential of Ca/MgBC + NP as a sustainable, low-cost fertilizer that not only enhances crop growth but also improves soil health and remediates heavy metal contamination, providing a promising alternative for green agriculture.

36. 题目: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation and biochar application enhance soil carbon and productivity in wheat and barley
文章编号: N25041615
期刊: Science of the Total Environment
作者: A R G Mason, M J Salomon, A J Lowe, T R Cavagnaro
更新时间: 2025-04-16
摘要: Influencing the global carbon cycle via modification to the terrestrial soil carbon pool has been suggested as one solution to help mitigate climate change. Cropping systems cover a vast expanse of earth's surface and represent a major carbon exchange point. Investigating management practices and biotechnologies capable of influencing soil carbon in cropping systems is thus a valuable endeavour, as even modest interventions have the capacity to increase carbon stocks and improve soil fertility and plant production. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are obligate biotrophs forming mutually beneficial relationships with a wide array of symbiotic partners. Increasingly, AMF are being investigated for their potential to enhance agricultural productivity through inoculation of soil and seeds with living propagules or spores. Beyond their positive influence on plant growth and resilience, AMF may have some capacity to influence the global carbon cycle through several conceptually recognised yet poorly understood mechanisms, warranting further exploration.Here, we evaluate the potential of AMF as an inoculant to promote soil carbon sequestration in wheat and barley under greenhouse conditions. We assess the growth response of these crops and explore interactive effects of AMF with several organic amendments. Both wheat and barley exhibited a strong mycorrhizal growth response, with inoculation significantly increasing biomass (root and shoot dry weight) and productivity (head dry weight), especially under low nutrient conditions. Effects of AMF on soil carbon cycling were assessed through soil respiration, total carbon (TC) content, and easily extractable organic carbon. Inoculation significantly increased soil TC concentration in both the unamended control and the biochar-amended wheat treatments. We reveal evidence for a biochar + AMF carbon stabilisation pathway, whereby biochar may act to stabilise new fungal derived carbon inputs while reducing soil respiration. We discuss these results in the context of carbon credit generation and climate change mitigation potential.

37. 题目: Comparing sentinel-2 and Landsat 8 spectral reflectance indices for predicting soil organic carbon
文章编号: N25041614
期刊: Environmental Earth Sciences
作者: Lin Cheng
更新时间: 2025-04-16
摘要:

Soil organic carbon (SOC) significantly improves soil properties, but traditional measurement methods are time-consuming and costly, emphasizing the need for faster, cost-effective alternatives for sustainable soil management. This study aimed to assess the potential of using the standardized spectral reflectance index (ZPC), derived from satellite images, to estimate SOC content. A total of 410 soil samples were collected from agricultural lands in Xuchang County, and the SOC content was measured. To reduce the volume and complexity of the calculations, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to the band data from both Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 satellite images. The principal component (PC) with the highest correlation to SOC content was then standardized and considered as the ZPC1 index. Subsequently, a regression relationship between ZPC1 and SOC content was established. The findings revealed a strong correlation between the different bands of the Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. Additionally, the PC1 of both satellites, Landsat 8 (r = 0.65) and Sentinel-2 (r = 0.82), demonstrated a high correlation with SOC content and was therefore standardized. A robust and significant regression relationship was established between ZPC1 and SOC content. When comparing the accuracy of SOC content estimation using ZPC1 from the two satellites, Sentinel-2 outperformed Landsat 8, showing higher accuracy (R² = 0.65, RMSE = 0.28, and MBE = 0.08) compared to Landsat 8 (R² = 0.52, RMSE = 0.32, and MBE = 0.10). Overall, the results indicate that the ZPC1 index provides a rapid and accurate method for SOC content monitoring, significantly reducing the complexity of traditional methods. Therefore, it is recommended that future study further validate this method to ensure its accuracy and efficiency for rapid SOC content assessment.

38. 题目: Evaluating biochar for adsorption of ammonium nitrogen in wastewater:insights into modifications and mechanisms
文章编号: N25041613
期刊: Environmental Research
作者: Yuheng Zhu, Sichen Liu, Hanbo Chen, Pingfeng Yu, Chongjun Chen
更新时间: 2025-04-16
摘要: Ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺) is a highly recalcitrant pollutant, leading to severe degradation of aquatic ecosystems and posing serious risks to human health. The application of biochar for NH₄⁺ removal from wastewater has gained widespread attention. However, its inherent limitations in adsorption capacity present a significant constraint on its broader practical implementation. To address this limitation, various modification techniques have been developed to endow biochar with a range of physicochemical properties. In this review, a systematic investigation was conducted to assess the efficacy of various modification methods on the adsorptive capacity of biochar for NH₄⁺ in aqueous solutions. Additionally, this review summarizes the adsorption mechanisms which are divided into five categories: hydrogen bonding, pore filling, electrostatic interaction, ion exchange and surface complexation. This review offers valuable insights into the strategies for achieving enhanced adsorption of NH₄⁺ by modified biochar, along with a comprehensive summary of the associated removal mechanisms.

39. 题目: Effective and low-impact backwashing strategies for an ultrafiltration membrane simultaneously fouled by microplastics and organic matter
文章编号: N25041612
期刊: Journal of Cleaner Production
作者: Thitiwut Maliwan, Jia Hui Kho, Jiangyong Hu
更新时间: 2025-04-16
摘要: Global water uncertainty and the prevalence of emerging contaminants in aquatic environments underscore the crucial role of membrane technology in addressing these challenges. Microplastic (MP) pollution is a significant global concern, effectively mitigated by membrane filtration. However, the introduction of MPs into membrane systems can accelerate fouling, particularly when co-existing with other foulants, potentially leading to more complex and severe fouling. This study examines the fouling behavior of MPs and organic matter in a lab-scale ultrafiltration (UF) membrane, evaluates backwashing strategies, and assesses their impacts. The UF membrane achieved 99 % removal efficiency across feed concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 mg-MP/L. Rejected and accumulated MPs within the system intensified fouling, rapidly transitioning from intermediate blocking to cake filtration. Fouling complexity increased when MPs were combined with organic foulants, including pore adsorption. Chemically enhanced backwashing (CEB) with NaOCl was the most effective, providing significant reversible fouling resistance with minimal irreversible fouling. However, NaOCl generated over 100 μg/L of halogenated by-products and altered the composition of organic matter. Ionic liquid (IL), a green solvent, minimized irreversible fouling but introduced substantial organic residues. Additionally, the k-nearest neighbors (kNN) model revealed organic leaching from both MPs and the membrane, while ATR-FTIR results indicated membrane deterioration when NaOCl and IL were used. NaOH and NaCl, though slightly less effective, offer a more sustainable approach by avoiding toxic by-products, organic alterations, and membrane damage, making them preferable for long-term use.

40. 题目: Biogas production enhancement from anaerobic digestion with magnetic biochar: Insights into the functional microbes and DIET
文章编号: N25041611
期刊: Journal of Environmental Management
作者: Yanru Zhang, Yuhang Ye, Minghui Fang, Yinping Xiang, Jianfei Chen, Xiang Tang, Zhaohui Yang, Qingrong Qian
更新时间: 2025-04-16
摘要: The application of magnetic biochar in anaerobic digestion (AD) has gained increasing attention. However, the underlying mechanisms remain insufficiently understood. This study systematically investigated the effects of magnetic biochar on functional microbial communities involved in methanogenesis and elucidated its role in promoting direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) within AD systems. The addition of 40 mg g−1 TSadded of magnetic biochar significantly enhanced methane production by 42.21 %, reaching 223.08 mL g−1 TS with highest organic matter degradation efficiency. Microbial community analysis showed that magnetic biochar significantly enriched microorganisms associated with hydrolysis, acidogenesis, and methanogenesis, as well as electroactive microorganisms’ abundance such as Geobacter spp., Syntrophus spp., P. aestuarii, and M. harundinacea, providing direct evidence for the DIET process of AD with magnetic biochar. Furthermore, the abundance of key genes involved in the DIET, including pilA, Fpo, and the genes encoded outer-membrane c-type cytochromes, was respectively upregulated by 44.49 %, 22.04 %, and 37.6 % in the presence of magnetic biochar. These findings suggest that magnetic biochar enhances the production of conductive pili and cytochrome c, facilitating extracellular electron transfer between syntrophic microorganisms. This accelerated electron transfer promotes CO2 reduction to CH4, ultimately improving methane production efficiency in the AD system. Moreover, the enhancement of hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis was particularly pronounced with magnetic biochar, further contributing to the improved AD performance. This study provides novel mechanistic insights into biochar-mediated DIET, offering a theoretical basis for optimizing biochar applications in AD.