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61. 题目: Deciphering Mn(II)/peroxymonosulfate system with nitrilotriacetic acid to degrade antibiotics: Roles of Mn species and interference of protein-like DOM
文章编号: N26030804
期刊: Water Research
作者: Tianming Zheng, Peifang Wang, Bin Hu, Chongchong Liu, Ruoxi Zhen
更新时间: 2026-03-08
摘要: Aquaculture activities discharge large amounts of antibiotics, with protein-like dissolved organic matter (DOM) coexisting in wastewater, whose impact on FF degradation remains unclear. An efficient advanced oxidation process (AOP) was established by Mn(II), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for degrading the typical aquaculture antibiotic florfenicol (FF), achieving removal efficiency of (97.38±1.02)% within 20 min primarily via Mn(V)=O, in which •OH, •SO4-, and 1O2 made minor contributions. The inhibitory effects of fishery amino acids on FF degradation followed the order: poly-lysine > tryptophan > methionine > lysine. Based on electrochemical measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, tryptophan and methionine competed for PMS binding sites, with methionine being preferentially oxidized by Mn(V)=O, thereby delaying FF degradation. Primary degradation pathways involved defluorination, dechlorination, and aromatic ring hydroxylation, exhibiting a reduced toxicity. Overall, this study developed a sustainable strategy to remove typical fishery antibiotics, highlighting the critical role of Mn(V)=O and the interference mechanism of protein-like DOM.

62. 题目: Building soil organic matter differing in physical fractions for fertilizer nitrogen retention
文章编号: N26030803
期刊: Soil Biology and Biochemistry
作者: Quan Tang, Qingde Li, Xiaozhi Wang, Yuanyuan Huang, Tim J Daniell, Enxuan Wu, Jing Wang, Feiyi Zhang, Zhenwang Li, Scott X Chang, Zucong Cai, Yves Uwiragiye, Nyumah Fallah, Minggang Xu, Christoph Müller, Yi Cheng
更新时间: 2026-03-08
摘要: Enhancing the formation of soil organic matter (SOM) to facilitate fertilizer nitrogen (N) retention is a crucial strategy for addressing the dual challenges of food security and climate change. Particulate (POM) and mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) fractions, which differ in formation pathways, persistence, and functioning, can exert divergent controls on fertilizer N retention. However, the mechanisms by which fertilizer N is retained within the two fractions under contrasting long-term SOM building strategies (e.g., straw and biochar return) remain elusive. Using a 13-year field experiment and combining 15N tracing with microbial metagenomics and application of molecular biomarkers, we demonstrate that both straw and biochar-based SOM building strategies promoted fertilizer N retention (by 8.4 to 17.4-fold and 10.9 to 13.5-fold, respectively) but into contrasting fraction-specific SOM pools. Fertilizer N was preferentially retained in MAOM under straw treatments, with MAOM-15N recovery increasing 6.6 to 9.0-fold. Whereas fertilizer N was preferably retained in POM under biochar treatments, with POM-15N recovery increasing 15.6 to 19.2-fold, resulting in 73% higher POM-15N to MAOM-15N ratios compared to straw treatments. Straw promoted MAOM-N via N assimilation by high-yield microbial strategists with subsequent, predominantly fungal, necromass-N formation (increases by 55.3%–66.8%). In contrast, the innate chemical recalcitrance of biochar enlarged the persistent POM reservoir, promoting POM-N formation by physical occlusion and chemical adsorption. The results suggest that fertilizer N retention under different SOM building strategies is fraction- and application-specific, depending on biotic and abiotic retention mechanisms. These findings have developed for the first time a fraction-targeted framework elucidating linkage between SOM building strategies and fertilizer N retention, and could facilitate greater understanding of the coupling of carbon sequestration with N retention in terrestrial ecosystems with straw or biochar amendment.

63. 题目: Green manuring outperforms cattle manure in soil carbon sequestration by reshaping dissolved organic matter composition and fungal life strategies
文章编号: N26030802
期刊: Soil and Tillage Research
作者: Siwei Shi, Songjuan Gao, Guopeng Zhou, Danna Chang, Rui Liu, Ting Liang, Jiudong Zhang, Zongxian Che, Weidong Cao
更新时间: 2026-03-08
摘要: Soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) serves as an important carbon (C) source for microorganisms and is significantly regulated by green manure and cattle manure. However, the molecular mechanisms by which these two organic fertilization practices influence soil C accrual remain unclear. In this study, we used Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry and high-throughput sequencing to analyze soil DOM composition and microbial diversity across three soil depths (0–20, 20–40, and 40–60 cm) in a 33-year field fertilization experiment annually treated with chemical fertilizer (CF), cattle manure (CM), and green manure (GM). Compared to CF, both CM and GM promoted soil C sequestration, increasing total soil organic C (SOC) by 53.0–64.8%, dissolved organic C by 61.0–159.4%, and heavy fraction organic C by 47.4–64.7% at the 0–20 cm depth. GM was more efficient than CM in enhancing SOC stock, despite a threefold lower total C input (102.3 vs. 320.1 Mg C ha−1). Although both CM and GM significantly altered fungal, rather than bacterial, community structures, CM drove a shift toward r-strategists, while GM favored C-efficient K-strategists at the 0–60 cm depth, and such differences were primarily correlated with exogenous substrate quality. Molecular composition analysis of soil DOM showed that GM increased the relative abundance of plant-derived lignin-like compounds, while CM enhanced tannin and condensed aromatic compounds. Our findings underscore the long-term effects of CM and GM on soil C sequestration in calcareous desert soils, with GM being a more C-efficient fertilization practice for sustainable agricultural development.

64. 题目: Divergent spatial distributions, carbon stocks, and climatic threshold responses of soil inorganic and organic carbon in the Tibet Plateau
文章编号: N26030801
期刊: Soil and Tillage Research
作者: Xiaoxian Wang, Xia Wang, Xiuxia Zhang, Tao Zhou, Yu Wang, Wenhui Duan, Yunfei Zhao, Zhuoyun Cheng, Yadong Liu, Liu Zhao
更新时间: 2026-03-08
摘要: The Tibet Plateau is highly sensitive to climate change, yet the spatial patterns, stocks, and climatic thresholds of soil inorganic carbon (SIC) versus soil organic carbon (SOC) remain poorly quantified. Here, this study compiled SIC and SOC measurements from field surveys (2016–2024), ISRIC datasets (1980–2012), and published literature, and integrated them with multi-sensor remote-sensing covariates to map SIC and SOC across the Tibet Plateau using six machine-learning models. The modeling was based on 865 and 329 SOC samples at 0–20 cm and 0–100 cm, and 140 and 136 SIC samples at 0–20 cm and 0–100 cm, respectively. To ensure robust evaluation, we used an 80%/20% train–test split and applied 10-fold cross-validation within the training set for hyperparameter tuning and best-model selection, performed separately for 0–20 and 0–100 cm prior to mapping. The results demonstrated that: (1) Random Forest (RF) algorithm achieved the highest predictive accuracy for SOC and SIC at 0–20 cm depth, whereas Boosted Regression Trees performed best for SIC at 0–100 cm (R² = 0.79). (2) Estimated total soil carbon stocks were 20.61 Pg(0–20 cm) and 82.32 Pg (0–100 cm). Spatially, SIC was enriched in the arid northwest and deeper layers, while SOC dominated the humid southeastern plateau and surface soils, consistent with their contrasting formation mechanisms. (3)Using generalized additive models with SHAP, we identified nonlinear climatic controls with distinct thresholds: SIC peaked at 331 mm MAP, whereas SOC peaked at 691 mm, and SOC showed stronger temperature sensitivity. SOC estimates from this study were broadly consistent with SoilGrids and GSOCmap (R²up to 0.78), while our plateau-focused framework with depth-specific model selection (0–20 and 0–100 cm) provides depth-consistent SIC and SOC maps for the Tibet Plateau. These results highlight divergent climate sensitivities of SIC and SOC and improve regional carbon-budget assessments for the Tibet Plateau.

65. 题目: Improved Molecular-Level Profiling of Dissolved Organic Matter through FTICR-MS Based on Multiple ICR Cell Fills
文章编号: N26030716
期刊: Environmental Science & Technology Letters
作者: Yuhang Chen, Jitao Lv, Dong Cao, Yali Shi, Yaqi Cai
更新时间: 2026-03-07
摘要: Although Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS) has been proven to be a powerful tool for the analysis of dissolved organic matter (DOM), obtaining more comprehensive molecular-level information about DOM remains extremely challenging due to its complexity. In this work, we found that ICR cell fills (ICRCF) have a significant impact on DOM detection using FTICR-MS. A multiple-ICRCF value of 10 is optimal, significantly enhancing peak intensities and the signal-to-noise ratio without inducing spectral artifacts. The multiple-ICRCF method identified more than 2400 additional molecular formulas compared to the single-ICRCF approach, particularly revealing more aromatic and less oxygenated compounds, as well as a substantial number of ¹³C₁-isotopic peaks. The increased formula diversity improved the resolution of molecular profiles and enabled the construction of more complex and informative potential molecular transformation networks. Additionally, multiple ICRCF measurements effectively improved the sensitivity of FTICR-MS for DOM detection. These results demonstrated multiple ICRCF as a powerful supplementary technique for advancing molecular-level characterization of complex DOM, with implications for biogeochemical cycles.

66. 题目: Deciphering Physicochemical Principles Guiding PFAS Adsorption and Thermal Degradation on Regenerable Waste-Derived Biochar
文章编号: N26030715
期刊: Environmental Science & Technology
作者: Charlotte Skjold Qvist Christensen, Lu Bai, Zongsu Wei
更新时间: 2026-03-07
摘要: Sustainable biochar materials are promising alternatives to activated carbon for PFAS removal, yet they are facing the same challenges of poor short-chain PFAS capture and low regeneration potential. The diverse biochar properties also complicated the interpretation of PFAS removal mechanisms. To this end, we comprehensively investigated 17 biochar of varying physicochemical characteristics for their adsorption of two legacy long-chain PFAS and two emerging short-chain PFAS. While batch adsorption tests confirmed the importance of hydrophobic/electrostatic interactions, divalent cation (e.g., Ca²⁺) bridging of PFAS anions and biochar surface groups is also found essential. Likewise, micropore filling played a larger role in the adsorption of short-chain PFAS, which were prone to displacement by long-chain PFAS. Finally, spent wheat straw biochar could be effectively reactivated through 900 °C N₂ thermolysis with complete PFAS degradation, which surprisingly enhanced the adsorption of short-chain PFAS in three cycles due to micropore formation. The findings from this study underscore the importance of pore structure and indigenous ionic species in guiding biochar selections for PFAS removal, informing new strategies in the future design and engineering of biochar adsorbents toward both short- and long-chain PFAS.

67. 题目: Molecular Insights into Perfluoroalkyl Substance Adsorption onto Montmorillonite and Montmorillonite-Humic Acid Complexes
文章编号: N26030714
期刊: Environmental Science & Technology
作者: Fayang Guo, Mengqi Shi, Yuxiang Mao, Yiman Li, Yao Zhao, Fengchang Wu
更新时间: 2026-03-07
摘要: The mobility and fate of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in soil are governed mainly by interactions with soil minerals and natural organic matter, but there is still a knowledge gap about the molecular adsorption behavior of PFAS on mineral surfaces and about the mechanisms behind influences of organic matter on PFAS adsorption. In this study, adsorption experiments, density functional theory calculations, and molecular dynamics simulations were combined to elucidate the adsorption and diffusion behavior of PFAS in montmorillonite (MMT) systems with or without humic acid (HA). Our results reveal that the adsorption of PFAS mainly involves Ca²⁺ bridging, hydrophobic interactions, and outer-sphere complexation via water bridging. The higher adsorption percentage of perfluoro sulfonic acids than perfluoro carboxylic acids is probably because sulfonyl groups present stronger interaction energy or higher affinity to the MMT mineral surface via Ca²⁺ bridging. The increasing adsorption percentage with increasing C–F chain length could be attributed to stronger hydrophobic interaction, intermolecular aggregation, and water-bridging interactions with mineral surface sites for longer-chain PFAS. The presence of HA can weaken the adsorption of PFAS via multiple pathways, such as electrostatic repulsion, steric hindrance, interrupting PFAS aggregation, and competition for Ca²⁺-binding sites. These findings offer molecular-level insight into the different adsorption behavior of PFAS with different head groups or chain lengths, improving our understanding of PFAS transport and retention in complex soil systems.

68. 题目: Aridity Modulates Warming Impacts on Microbial Carbon Use Efficiency
文章编号: N26030713
期刊: Environmental Science & Technology
作者: Zhenrui Zhang, Xiaoxia Gao, Hui Gao, Emanuele Lugato, Qun Gao, Qing Zhang, Jizhong Zhou, Xinghui Xia
更新时间: 2026-03-07
摘要: Microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) regulates the partitioning of organic carbon between microbial biomass and CO₂ emission, yet its response to climate warming remains poorly understood, especially in naturally regenerating ecosystems like abandoned croplands. Here, we conducted 3 year in situ warming experiments (+1.6 °C) across 12 abandoned cropland sites spanning arid to humid climatic zones in China. Using the ¹⁸O–H₂O method and molecular characterization, we found that warming significantly reduced microbial CUE in humid areas (aridity index >0.65), but had little effect in arid areas (aridity index <0.65). In humid areas, warming-induced reductions in CUE were driven by increases in fungal biomass, particularly pathotrophic and pathotroph-saprotrophic fungal guilds, together with shifts in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) composition toward more aromatic and recalcitrant compounds. Moreover, changes in CUE under warming were significantly positively correlated with change in DOC, but not with change in soil organic carbon (SOC), suggesting a temporal asynchrony and highlighting the need to consider the active carbon pool when assessing warming’s impact on SOC. Our findings reveal a climate-dependent microbial mechanism that may weaken the carbon sequestration potential of humid abandoned croplands under future warming, underscoring the importance of region-specific strategies for soil carbon management.

69. 题目: An integrated strategy for recovering soil contaminated with potentially toxic elements through biochar and spontaneous vegetation
文章编号: N26030712
期刊: Environmental Research
作者: Stefania Diquattro, Maria Vittoria Pinna, Giovanni Garau, Matteo Garau, Giacomo Patteri, Vittoria Giannini, Simonetta Bagella, Pier Paolo Roggero, Paola Castaldi
更新时间: 2026-03-07
摘要: Abandoned mining sites often act as ecological hotspots, where soil concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) exceed safe thresholds, posing ongoing risks to ecosystems and causing persistent environmental degradation. Assisted phytoremediation, by combining plants and soil amendments, constitutes a sustainable option for restoring contaminated sites. Accordingly, this study assessed whether the application of biochar (BC; 3% w/w) could promote the establishment of a natural grassland cover in a PTE-contaminated mine soil (i.e. Sb 412 mg·kg^-1; Cd 51 mg·kg^-1; Pb 2664 mg·kg^-1; Zn 7510 mg·kg^-1). Two further treatments were applied: NPK fertilizer was added to both control-soil and biochar-amended soil. Biochar addition increased soil pH (from 7.5 to 8.1), total organic C (from 1 to 6%) and CEC (from 9.6 to 12.7 cmol₍₊₎ kg^-1). Labile Cd and Zn decreased by 44 and 40% respectively, versus the control, while the residual fraction of PTEs increased (e.g., Cd +16%, As +76%, Sb +11%). These changes were accompanied by an improved plant cover establishment, particularly for Lotus cytisoides L., whose growth and PTE uptake were assessed after a 28-month period. This species exhibited a strong adaptability across the treatments, reaching 100% relative frequency and up to 59% abundance in soils amended with BC and supplemented with NPK fertilizer. Translocation and bioaccumulation factors for all PTEs indicated predominant root retention in plants grown on BC-amended soils, highlighting phytostabilization as the primary remediation mechanism. Overall, BC-assisted phytoremediation improved soil safety, fertility and plant diversity, underscoring its efficacy for the ecological restoration of abandoned mining sites.

70. 题目: Substrate-dependent function transition of lignin peroxidase during acclimated composting: from lignin degradation to humic acid synthesis
文章编号: N26030711
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Ting Feng, Xiaolei Ding, Ting Li, Chunhao Zhang, Junqiu Wu
更新时间: 2026-03-07
摘要: Composting research has mostly focused on depolymerization ability of lignin peroxidase (LiP), its polymerization function in humic acid (HA) formation has long been overlooked. To detect the function transition of LiP, G-S-H, G-S, G type lignin were composted with replenishment acclimation strategy to stimulate LiP activity. Results showed that LiP exhibited pronounced activity enhancement in response to substrate replenishment, serving as the primary driver of both lignin degradation and HA formation. FTIR revealed the rapid recognition and cleavage of C-C and C-O bonds in G-S-H lignin by LiP, prompting the assembly of aromatic groups into highly aromatic HA by “aromatic core prioritized” pathway. In contrast, LiP primarily modified aliphatic side chains and ether-linked structures in G-S/G lignin, producing side-chain derived units that formed low-aromaticity HA through the “side chain assembly” pathway. Molecular docking confirmed that LiP exhibited the strongest binding affinity toward lignin trimers with complex aromatic structures (-8.4 kcal/mol). Meanwhile, the relatively weak binding interaction between LiP and HA (-6.3 kcal/mol) suggested that HA was not the stable end product but rather existed a dynamic “depolymerization-polymerization” process. Vector Auto Regression showed that LiP primarily contributed to lignin depolymerization, accounting for 51.94%-61.66% in the early of acclimatization composting. After the decrease in lignin content, its contribution to HA formation significantly increased by 64.71% (P<0.05). This represented function transition depended on substrate types, which promoted the aromatic condensation of HA by the lignin-protein pathway. Quantifying this functional switch provides a new perspective for promoting lignin humification.

71. 题目: Alternation magnitudes of organic matter composition determines priming effect of biodegradable microplastics on lake carbon emission
文章编号: N26030710
期刊: Water Research
作者: Shenghao Zhang, Xiaozi Chang, FengTing Wu, YueHan Lu, Shilin An, Yongqiang Zhou, Muhua Feng, Yingxun Du
更新时间: 2026-03-07
摘要: The ubiquitous existence of biodegradable microplastics (BMPs) in aquatic ecosystems necessitates a thorough understanding of their impact on aquatic carbon cycling. Although BMPs are known to release dissolved organic matter (DOM) into aquatic environment, their priming effect (PE) on native organic carbon, remains largely unexplored. Here, we employed ¹³C-stable isotope labeling to quantify PEs induced by three common BMPs—polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polylactic acid (PLA), and polybutylene succinate (PBS) in artificial lake water. The addition of all three BMPs enhanced CO₂ emission but their PE differed: PLA and PHA induced positive PE, whereas PBS induced PE. Moreover, pre-solar irradiation of BMPs further enhanced CO₂ emission and strengthened PEs. DOM leached from BMPs significantly altered both the quantity and quality of the DOM pool. Microbial respiration was primarily driven by the quantity of chromophoric DOM (CDOM), whereas the PE was governed by the quality of DOM, as reflected by the response ratios of freshness index (BIX) and the relative abundance of protein-like component following BMP addition. Collectively, our findings reveal that BMP impacts on freshwater carbon cycling are mediated by their inherent DOM composition and modulated by solar irradiation, which severs as an environmental magnifier. This underscores the urgent need to re-evaluate the environmental risks of BMPs, explicitly considering their effects on carbon cycling and ecosystem functioning, rather than assessing their sustainability solely based on degradability.

72. 题目: Comprehensive characterization of viticultural biomass and its derived biochars: insights into copper sorption potential.
文章编号: N26030709
期刊: Environmental Science and Pollution Research
作者: Hugo Henaut, Yassine Chafik, Marta Sena-Velez, Benoît Cagnon, Sylvain Bourgerie, Domenico Morabito
更新时间: 2026-03-07
摘要: The extensive use of copper (Cu) in viticulture has resulted in its high accumulation in soils, threatening ecosystems and soil health. Biochar, widely recognized for its potential in remediating metal-contaminated environments, offers promising sorption properties that strongly rely on both feedstock composition and the final biochar's characteristics. This study investigates five biochars produced from different vineyard by-products; grape marc (BM), grape seed (BS), exhausted grape seed (BES), pruning (BP1), and pruning subjected to double pyrolysis (BP2). These biochars were comprehensively characterized in terms of physicochemical and structural properties, elemental composition, and potential toxicity. The maximum copper sorption capacities of the biochars ranged from Qmax of 39.35 to 134.36 mg Cu2⁺g-1, depending on their properties, and followed the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic models (for BM). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirmed the presence of surface functional groups such as -OH, -COOH, and aromatic structures. Zeta potential (ZP) analysis indicated a predominantly negative surface charge across a wide pH range. Copper sorption was primarily attributed to π-cation interaction and precipitation mechanisms, while copper desorption assays revealed limited copper release, suggesting strong retention. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), was used to analyze the morphology of the biochar and to verify copper incorporation in the Cu-loaded samples. Given the strong influence of feedstock on metal sorption efficiency, vineyard by-products were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), FT-IR, and determination of lignocellulosic composition and physicochemical properties. Biochar from vineyard by-products, particularly grape marc (BM), demonstrated the highest potential, highlighting the valorization of vineyard by-products as a sustainable in situ remediation strategy in vineyard soils, in line with circular economy principles.

73. 题目: The Positive Effect of Biochar on Rice Growth Increases Methanotrophs to Mitigate Methane Emissions: A Meta-Analysis
文章编号: N26030708
期刊: Land Degradation & Development
作者: Zhiwei Zhang, Mingwang Lu, Xiaomeng Bo, Shumin Guo, Mengxue Shen, Jinyang Wang, Jianwen Zou
更新时间: 2026-03-07
摘要: Rice paddies are a major source of methane (CH₄), and effective mitigation strategies are urgently needed. Biochar has been proposed as a promising option; however, quantitative effects on CH₄-cycling microbial processes and their underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis and a random-effects model to evaluate the effects of biochar on CH₄ emissions, crop yield, and key microbial functional genes and soil properties, drawing primarily on studies conducted in China. Overall, biochar application reduced CH₄ emissions by 26.4% and increased rice yield by 6.2%. These responses were associated with enhanced plant biomass, which suppressed methanogen activity while stimulating methanotrophs, likely mediated by increased root oxygen release and rhizosphere carbon availability. Notably, the decreased mcrA/pmoA ratio highlighted a shift in microbial functional balance favoring CH₄ mitigation. Our study provides a more comprehensive synthesis by linking biochar-induced changes in microbial functional genes to CH₄ mitigation and crop productivity. These findings offer quantitative evidence and practical guidance for biochar application in climate-smart and sustainable rice cultivation.

74. 题目: Organic amendments reshaped the chemical composition of soil organic matter: A meta-analysis
文章编号: N26030707
期刊: Geoderma
作者: Shihao Ma, Yuan Zhang, Damien Beillouin, Jianwei Lu, Tao Ren, Jun Zhu, Yakov Kuzyakov, Xiaokun Li
更新时间: 2026-03-07
摘要: Increasing soil organic matter (SOM) content is pivotal for soil health and climate change mitigation, yet the mechanisms governing long-term carbon (C) stabilization via organic amendments remains controversial. We performed a meta-analysis of 540 observations from 45 studies, analyzed by solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy, to evaluate the responses of SOM chemical composition and its driving factors to organic amendments. The dataset predominantly comprises cropland soils from Asia, under temperate and subtropical climates, with a focus on major soil types. Functional groups of SOM were associated with climate, soil, and amendment properties, identifying the key factors influencing C stabilization. Organic amendments increased aromatic C by 11%, driving a substantial 52% increase in SOC content compared with mineral-only fertilization. Organic amendment properties and climate factors explained 77% of SOC increase, with nitrogen (N) content identified as key predictors of aromatic groups. The most favorable conditions for aromatic C accumulation included high precipitation (>1000 mm), low temperature (<8°C), and were observed in soils characterized by high initial organic C (>20 g kg−1), total N (>1 g kg−1) contents, and acidic conditions (pH < 6), which are conditions that reflect slow decomposition rates and partial oxygen limitation. Our finding suggests that amendment strategies should account for both the intrinsic quality (e.g., C/N ratio) of the amendment and the extrinsic climatic conditions to optimize persistent C pool formation.

75. 题目: Formation of nitrogen-containing disinfection by-products induced by amide moiety in dissolved organic matter
文章编号: N26030706
期刊: Chemosphere
作者: D M Mazur, A S Surmillo, I S Varsegov, D S Kosyakov, A T Lebedev
更新时间: 2026-03-07
摘要: Aqueous chlorination may produce numerous nitrogenous disinfection by-products (N-DBPs), which are a significant toxicological concern. While the transformations of amines are well studied, the DBP formation pathways induced by the amide moieties remain poorly characterized. Presence of any alkyl group at nitrogen significantly complicates any transformation, revealing the absence of N-dealkylation for amides under aqueous chlorination. Instead, the amide group's influence on DBP formation is primarily mediated by its ability to undergo keto-enol tautomerization, leading to more reactive enolic forms. However, substantial DBP generation from amides necessitates high active chlorine concentrations and prolonged reaction times. For N,N-disubstituted amides, DBP formation largely relies on the presence of additional reactive functionalities like CC double bonds or aromatic rings. Mono N-substituted amides exhibited limited reactivity, primarily yielding N–Cl derivatives.

76. 题目: Simultaneous removal of imidacloprid, carbendazim, and bispyribac sodium using zinc and bentonite functionalized rice husk biochar composite
文章编号: N26030705
期刊: Waste Management
作者: Bibhab Mahapatra, Abhijit Kar, Arpita Pattanaik, Rakesh Ranjan Nayak, Arabinda Mahanty, Rubina Khanam, Sushmita Munda, Elssa Pandit, Pratap Bhattacharyya, Shyamaranjan Das Mohapatra, Totan Adak
更新时间: 2026-03-07
摘要: The increasing use of pesticides in intensive cultivation practices poses significant environmental risks due to their persistence, leaching, and adverse impacts on non-target organisms. Rice husk, an agricultural by-product, was functionalized with zinc chloride and bentonite for the removal of three commonly used pesticides; imidacloprid, carbendazim, and bispyribac sodium. Engineered rice husk biochar (ERHB) was produced via the co-pyrolysis of 10 g of rice husk, 5 g of bentonite and 5 g of ZnCl2 at 500 °C for 2 h, and it removed 96.43, 84.47 and 78.94% of spiked bispyribac sodium, carbendazim, and imidacloprid, respectively, from water through sorption. Physico-chemical characterization revealed significant structural and surface chemistry changes upon modification and their role in enhancing adsorption. Elemental analysis of ERHB confirmed the incorporation of clay minerals along with Zn. Adsorption experiments showed that pesticide removal was mainly influenced by initial concentration, contact time, and adsorbent dosage, while solution pH had little effect. Kinetic and isotherm models further explained the adsorption mechanisms. ERHB could remove 86.37 82.52 and 85.82% of spiked imidacloprid, carbendazim, and bispyribac sodium from the mixed-pesticide solution under optimized sorption conditions. ERHB could also remove over 95% of 50 pesticides and three synthetic dyes including bromocresol green (44.6%), allura red (75.3%), and methylene blue (89.7%) from water. Thus, the ERHB can be used as a multi-class pesticide and dye removal agent from aqueous media, offering potential for integrated water remediation strategies in agro ecosystems.

77. 题目: Restoration of Degraded Lands Through Agroforestry: Impact of Trees on Soil Organic Carbon and Nutrient Stocks in Central India
文章编号: N26030704
期刊: Land Degradation & Development
作者: Sovan Debnath, Sharwan Lal Yadav, , Bijoy Chanda, Suresh Ramanan S., Asha Ram, Sushil Kumar, Naresh Kumar, Badre Alam, Rajendra Prasad, Tufleuddin Biswas, Ayyanadar Arunachalam
更新时间: 2026-03-07
摘要: Crop and tree compartments cohabit side by side within agroforestry and thus it can possibly induce inherent environmental spatial heterogeneity of soil organic carbon (SOC) and nutrient stocks. Although previous studies largely focused on elucidating agroforestry effects on SOC stocks on spatial scales, its effect on the spatial heterogeneity of nutrient stocks is lacking. Furthermore, little is known about the contrasting effects of short- (≤ 10 years) and long-rotation (≥ 20 years) agroforestry trees on CO₂ sequestration rate, and SOC and nutrient stocks accrual, nor is there any robust comparison. This study evaluated four contrasting AFS (IG-AF, IJ-AF, MN-AF, and TK-AF-based) and one adjacent conventional cropland (CL) without trees to elucidate the spatial heterogeneity of SOC concentration, phyto-availability of nutrients and their stocks, and to quantify SOC stocks in the tree biomass, CO₂ equivalent sequestration rate in soil and biomass. We also propose the measurement of net carbon sequestration of a given AFS. Random cores were collected from topsoil (0–15 cm) and subsoil (15–30 cm) in quintuples from RS and CS of the AFS along with sampling from CL. Allometrics were used for measuring C stocks in the tree biomass. The magnitude of the measured soil properties (pH, POX-C, SOC, and nutrient concentration) and SOC and nutrient stocks were generally higher (p < 0.05) at RS than CS. Long-rotation TK-AF registered significantly (p < 0.001) the highest concentration of SOC (9.4 and 8.2 g kg⁻¹), POX-C (315.2 and 241.8 mg kg⁻¹), and N (166.1 and 129.4 kg ha⁻¹), P (21.0 and 17.4 kg ha⁻¹), and K (253.0 and 250.2 kg ha⁻¹) availability at RS and CS, respectively, and it also showed the highest TBCS (91.9 Mg ha⁻¹) and NCS (109.1 Mg ha⁻¹). Conversely, short-rotation MN-AF registered significantly the highest CO₂–e_t both in soil (5.4 Mg CO₂ ha⁻¹ y⁻¹) and biomass (41.6 Mg CO₂ ha⁻¹ y⁻¹). The SOC stock gain over the cropland (Δ_SOC) increased with stand age, with the highest gain noticed at IG-AF (17.8 Mg ha⁻¹) followed by TK-AF (17.1 Mg ha⁻¹). Our results warrant long-term experimental agroforestry for a higher elevation of SOC stocks with possibly a steady CO₂ sequestration rate to restore the degraded lands in a semiarid environment.

78. 题目: Challenges in the Analysis of Dissolved Black Carbon in Natural Waters
文章编号: N26030703
期刊: Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts
作者: Chenhui Wei, Bingyu Wang, Shujun Yin, Heyun Fu
更新时间: 2026-03-07
摘要: Black carbon (BC) is the organic residue produced from the incomplete combustion of biomass and fossil fuels. Dissolved black carbon (DBC) is operationally defined as the BC fraction that is water-soluble and able to pass through a filter of 0.1~0.70 μm. DBC acts as a crucial flux linking the two primary end-member BC pools — the soils and the ocean sediments, and is also an important component of dissolved organic carbon. Therefore, analysis of the molecular structures, concentrations, and sources of DBC in natural environments is essential for assessing the global carbon cycle. However, the chemical heterogeneity of DBC makes it challenging to discern and quantify in natural waters. Here, we reviewed the major analytical techniques for DBC and outlined promising methodological frameworks for future research. The contributions of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Fourier Transform – Ion Cyclotron Resonance – Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) in the structural characterization of DBC were evaluated. As the two primary methods for quantifying the condensed aromatic fraction of DBC, the chemo-thermal oxidation and the digestion-based benzenepolycarboxylic acids methods were comprehensively introduced. Intrinsic benzenepolycarboxylic acids in DBC have the potential to function as digestion-free markers for quantifying total DBC and assessing its cycling. Developing complementary techniques for FT-ICR-MS and identifying robust molecular markers for DBC in future research will be crucial for advancing DBC analysis and elucidating its global cycling.

79. 题目: Urea-tailored biochar activated peroxydisulfate for carbazole degradation: An electron transfer process from in-plane to out-of-plane
文章编号: N26030702
期刊: Journal of Cleaner Production
作者: Hao Dong, Nan Zhao, Qianting Xu, Ye Xiao, Weihua Zhang, Rongliang Qiu
更新时间: 2026-03-07
摘要: Carbazole (CBZ) is a ubiquitous and toxic N-heterocyclic contaminant in water and soil, posing substantial environmental risks. Current remediation strategies for CBZ struggle with low efficiency, high energy consumption, or strict operational conditions, making persulfate-based advanced oxidation a promising alternative. Herein, we synthesized a series of urea-tailored biochars (UBCs) via low-temperature co-pyrolysis. Among them, UBC5 featuring an extremely high N content (21.4%) showed optimal peroxydisulfate (PDS) activation for CBZ degradation. The UBC5/PDS system achieved ∼90% CBZ removal within 1 h across pH 3-9, and exhibited strong resistance to inorganic anions (Cl−, SO42−, H2PO4−) and humic acid. Furthermore, the system effectively degraded CBZ in soil (71-82% within 1 h), with residual concentrations falling below safety thresholds for industrial land after 12 h. Quenching experiments, electron paramagnetic resonance, and electrochemical analyses revealed a non-radical degradation pathway: UBC5-PDS∗ mediated electron transfer, with a minor contribution from 1O2. Characterizations and density functional theory calculations elucidated a unique “in-plane to out-of-plane electron transfer” mechanism. The degradation intermediates exhibited reduced toxicity, with negligible adverse effects on soybean growth. Notably, UBC5 has lower production cost ($9.52 kg−1) and carbon emissions (18.38 kg CO2 e kg−1) than typical activators. This study provides new insight for the design of carbon-based persulfate activators and an efficient, sustainable approach for the remediation of CBZ-contaminated water and soil.

80. 题目: Influence of biochar and zeolite on biochemical methane potential in saline aquaculture sludge
文章编号: N26030701
期刊: Bioresource Technology
作者: Abdullah Bugra Senol, Linn Solli, John Morken, Wietske Annechien Stel, Nazli Pelin Kocatürk-Schumacher
更新时间: 2026-03-07
摘要: Aquaculture sludge from recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) represents a growing waste stream with potential for biogas recovery; however, elevated salinity can inhibit anaerobic digestion (AD). This study evaluated the biochemical methane potential (BMP) of RAS sludge under freshwater (0%), brackish (1.2%), and marine (3.3%) conditions and assessed the effectiveness of biochar and zeolite. Batch BMP assays were conducted under mesophilic conditions at an inoculum-to-substrate ratio of 2:1, with additives applied at 0.8 g/g VS. Increasing salinity significantly reduced methane yields (p < 0.05), from 533.6 ± 3.4 NmL CH4/g VS in freshwater to 478.1 ± 10.2 and 341.3 ± 0.6 NmL CH4/g VS in brackish and marine conditions, respectively. Biochar enhanced methane production by 5.9–11.3% across all salinities, while zeolite increased yields by 7.7% and 15.7% under brackish and marine conditions, respectively, but had no effect in freshwater. Methane production kinetics were well described by the modified Gompertz model (R2 = 0.983–0.999). Overall, biochar was more effective at low salinity levels, whereas zeolite mitigated salinity-induced inhibition, indicating that targeted additive application can enhance methane recovery from saline aquaculture sludge and support sustainable RAS waste management.