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101. 题目: Interactive Effect of Biochar and Potassium Enhances Copper Stress Tolerance in Hemp: Modulation of Antioxidant Defense and Mineral Homeostasis in Contaminated Mine Soils
文章编号: N26072114
期刊: Land Degradation & Development
作者: Kaiyuan Zhao, Xiyu Zhang, Huanyu Sun, Liang Chen, Qamar uz Zaman, Yan Luo, Khaled Al‐Kahtany, Shah Fahad, Xia Cheng, Gang Deng
更新时间: 2026-07-21
摘要: Soil copper (Cu) contamination severely threatens sustainable hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.) production. This study investigated the interactive potential of biochar (BC) and potassium (K) supplementation to enhance hemp resilience in Cu‐contaminated mine soil (294 mg Cu kg −1 ). A greenhouse pot experiment employed a 3 × 4 factorial design: BC (0, 30, 50 g kg −1 soil) and K fertilizer (0, 100, 200, 300 kg ha −1 as K 2 SO 4 ). Results revealed that Cu stress significantly inhibited hemp growth, biomass, and photosynthetic efficiency, while elevating oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzyme activities. Co‐application of BC and K, particularly at optimal rates (BC: 30 g kg −1 , K: 200 kg ha −1 ), effectively counteracted Cu toxicity. This interactive treatment maximized plant height (205.90 cm, +40.36% vs. control treatment group BC 0 K 0 ), stem diameter, leaf number, and biomass accumulation. Crucially, it reduced hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) by 77.80% and malonaldehyde contents (MDA) by 70.05%, while enhancing osmoprotectants (soluble sugars, proteins, proline). The BC + K combination significantly altered the distribution of Cu in soil (bioavailable Cu—40.02%, available Cu—32.51%) and plant tissues (roots—25.96%, stems—27.00%, leaves—33.36%). These findings demonstrate that the interactive effect of BC and K alleviates Cu phytotoxicity by enhancing antioxidant defenses, improving K nutrition, and immobilizing Cu in soil, providing a sustainable strategy for hemp cultivation in contaminated lands.

102. 题目: Multiyear LC-MS profiles of groundwater DOM reveal re-emergence of recent and legacy contaminants in a fractured-rock catchment.
文章编号: N26072113
期刊: Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts
作者: Christian Zerfaß, Robert Lehmann, Nico Ueberschaar, Kai Uwe Totsche, Georg Pohnert
更新时间: 2026-07-21
摘要: Groundwater quality in cultural landscapes is increasingly compromised by anthropogenic organic substances, yet the long-term dynamics and persistence of both current-use and legacy compounds remain insufficiently understood. Here, we present a 6 year, high-resolution mining of an untargeted metabolomics LC-MS dataset from the Hainich Critical Zone Exploratory (central Germany), enabling detection and temporal tracking of environmental chemicals in a groundwater system within fractured sedimentary bedrock. We identify five key compounds-the insect repellent N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET), the coniferous resin acid 7-oxodehydroabietic acid (7-ODAA), the legacy herbicide simazine, the triazine transformation product hydroxypropazine, and triphenyl phosphate (TPP), a flame retardant and lubricant-across perched (7 m) and phreatic (∼90 m) groundwater zones. DEET and 7-ODAA exhibited seasonal concentration patterns consistent with usage-related release, while simazine, hydroxypropazine, and TPP occurred episodically, with notable re-emergence during extreme events, such as the 2018 drought and a 5 year groundwater highstand. Our findings highlight that both recent and legacy organic contaminants undergo dynamic mobilisation processes, influenced by recharge patterns and climate extremes. These results underscore the importance of sustained, high-frequency monitoring to capture episodic events and trace compound-specific responses across the hydrogeological system. By identifying persistent and transient compounds as potential flow tracers, this study advances understanding of organic matter transport in the Critical Zone and offers insights into groundwater protection strategies under changing environmental conditions.

103. 题目: Biochar enhances temporal soil phosphorus availability and microbially mediated phosphorus activation in cereal cropping systems
文章编号: N26072112
期刊: Applied Soil Ecology
作者: Xuechao Qin, Xinpeng Xu, Lingyun Kang, Liyan Tian, Lianfeng Du, Xuan Guo, Maoting Ma
更新时间: 2026-07-21
摘要: Sustainable phosphorus (P) management is critical for global food security, yet rapid soil P fixation limits its continuous availability. Although biochar can improve soil P availability, its dynamics during crop growth stages and the underlying microbial mechanisms remain unclear. Combining field experiments with machine learning, this study aimed to elucidate the dynamics, driving factors, and microbial regulation of soil P activation induced by biochar. Biochar significantly (P < 0.05) increased rhizosphere Olsen-P, with more pronounced effects at higher application rates (10 and 20 t ha−1) compared to the control (0 t ha−1). Machine learning identified crop type, rhizosphere, P input, phenological stage, and biochar as key drivers of Olsen-P variation, with peak P availability occurring at the stem elongation stage, coinciding with crop demand. Multi-objective optimization showed that whereas P fertilizer supplied cost-effective yield gains, biochar enabled sustainable intensification by simultaneously increasing yield, improving soil health, and delivering carbon sequestration benefits. Biochar promoted a microbe-enzyme-gene regulatory network by modulating microbial alpha diversity, phosphatase activities, and the abundance of P cycling genes (phoD, pstS, pit) at the mature stage, particularly in the non-rhizosphere soil. Partial least squares path modeling revealed that biochar enhanced the soil available P pool primarily by elevating microbial diversity and functional potential, thereby sustaining a continuous P solubilization process. These findings demonstrate that biochar amplifies the magnitude of P supply, which coincides with crop demand, thus presenting a sustainable strategy for supporting crop P nutrition and reducing reliance on mineral fertilizers.

104. 题目: Identifying Sources of Black Carbon Associated with High Mortality Risk in Beijing, China Based on Long-term Hourly Continuous Measurements
文章编号: N26072111
期刊: Environmental Pollution
作者: Qi Zhou, Hang Du, Jiaying Liu, Tianle Zhang, Yi Wei, Yue Liu, Caiqing Yan, Shunyao Wang, Peng Du, Tiantian Li, Mei Zheng
更新时间: 2026-07-21
摘要: Black carbon (BC) is an important air pollutant that poses serious risks to human health. However, previous studies have largely focused on total BC mass concentrations, while the health risks associated with source-specific BC remain poorly understood, limiting the development of effective health-oriented control strategies. To address this issue, long-term source-specific BC mortality analyses were conducted in Beijing during 2016-2019 by integrating an hourly-resolution dataset of nineteen PM2.5 components, Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) source apportionment, and high-quality mortality records. The findings indicated that the health risk of BC could vary by sources with traffic BC posing the highest non-accidental mortality risk (RR: 1.014, 95% CI: 1.003, 1.025), followed by biomass burning and atmospherically aged BC. During the study period, the stringent coal control policies implemented in northern China led to a drastic reduction in coal BC concentration, accounting for 40% of the reduction in BC-attributable mortality burden. Consequently, the three non-coal sources (traffic, biomass burning, and aged BC) became the dominant contributors in 2019, collectively accounting for 86% of the BC-attributable mortality burden. These findings highlight substantial source-specific differences in BC mortality risks and provide evidence for developing health-oriented policies to better protect public health through clean air initiatives.

105. 题目: Warming and elevated CO2 destabilize mineral-associated organic carbon in subtropical paddy subsoils
文章编号: N26072110
期刊: Geoderma
作者: Xueli Ding, Huijie Lü, Zhenghua Hu, Hongbo He, Ji Chen, Chao Liang
更新时间: 2026-07-21
摘要: Elevated CO2 (eCO2) and warming (eT) co-occur under climate change and threaten sequestration and persistence of soil organic carbon (SOC). Subsoil (below 20 cm depth) stores > 50% of global SOC, but their response or vulnerability under climate change remains largely unknown, especially for mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC). We conducted a four-year in situ field experiment using open-top chambers to investigate responses of SOC, particulate organic carbon (POC), MAOC, microbial attributes, and iron (Fe) oxide properties to eCO2, eT, and their combination (eCO2 + eT) in topsoil (0–20 cm) and subsoil (20–40 cm) of a subtropical rice paddy. Our results revealed that climate treatments did not affect POC at either soil depth, but caused significant declines of total SOC and MAOC in the subsoil relative to ambient plot. Compared with ambient conditions, subsoil MAOC decreased by 39%, 31% and 31% under eCO2, eT, and eCO2 + eT, respectively. Climate change-induced MAOC depletion coincided with reduced microbial biomass and necromass accumulation, alongside concurrent declines in poorly crystalline Fe oxides content, Fe oxides reactivity, and organo-Fe complexation. Random forest and variation partitioning analyses verified that reduced microbial necromass and weakened Fe oxide protection were the two dominant drivers of MAOC destabilization and SOC loss in subsoil, with their interactive effects explaining 43%–59% of MAOC variability. These findings demonstrate that paddy subsoil is a climate sensitive zone where MAOC is vulnerable to loss under eCO2 and warming, challenging the traditional view that MAOC is stable due to mineral protection and less responsive to climate change. Our work reinforces the urgency of integrating depth-resolved functional SOC pools into C models to accurately project soil carbon–climate feedbacks.

106. 题目: Comparative assessment of artificial neural network and response surface methodology for modeling and optimizing phosphate adsorption onto rice straw biochar
文章编号: N26072109
期刊: Journal of Environmental Management
作者: Sheetal Kumari, Smriti Agarwal, Jyoti Chowdhry, Pinki Sharma, Manish Kumar, Ajay Kumar, Manoranjan Nayak, Manoj Chandra Garg
更新时间: 2026-07-21
摘要: This study investigated the potential application of rice straw biochar (RSB) as an adsorbent for the elimination of phosphate species from wastewater. Artificial neural network (ANN) and response surface methodology (RSM) approaches were used to optimize and model the adsorption process. The ANN and RSM analyses revealed important information regarding model precision, optimization effectiveness, and real-world usability, facilitating improved decision-making and process enhancement in intricate systems, such as wastewater treatment. ANN outperformed RSM with R2 = 0.9418 vs. 0.9206, RMSE = 2.34 vs. 3.12. Under optimized conditions (pH 7.2, 19.7 mg L−1, 20 mg dose, 31.6°C), >96.2% removal (with qmax = 168.0 mg g−1) was achieved. Chemisorption-dominated monolayer adsorption was confirmed by the pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2 = 0.9948) and Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.97). This paper shows that the valorization of agricultural wastes into biochar provides a sustainable circular economy solution to wastewater treatment. This study highlights the excellent potential of RSB for phosphate recovery from wastewater. Transforming agricultural waste into biochar and applying it to remove phosphate offers a sustainable solution for agricultural waste management and resource recovery from wastewater.

107. 题目: Mechanistic insights into KOH-regulated biochar derived from waste Myriophyllum aquaticum biomass for 1O2-mediated degradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol
文章编号: N26072108
期刊: Journal of Environmental Management
作者: Guangya Zhou, Dong Zhang, Zhengzheng Lou, Miaomiao Zhao, Dihua Wu, Suling Zhang, Ying Pan, Ting Lü, Hongting Zhao, Jun Lin, Li Lu, Ming Zhang
更新时间: 2026-07-21
摘要: Porous biochar has emerged as a promising heterogeneous catalyst for the activation of persulfate (specifically peroxymonosulfate, PMS) to degrade organic contaminants, owing to its highly-developed pore structure and abundant surface functionalities. However, its catalytic efficiency is critically influenced by intrinsic structural defects and surface chemistry, yet the underlying structure–activity relationships remain elusive. Notably, the specific mechanisms governing electron transfer within non-radical pathways during PMS activation require further clarification. In this study, a series of porous biochars were synthesized from waste Myriophyllum aquaticum via KOH activation followed by pyrolysis at varying temperatures. The results demonstrate that the synergistic effect of high-temperature pyrolysis and alkali activation significantly augments structural defects and the density of oxygen-containing functional groups, thereby accelerating electron transfer and PMS activation. Among these catalysts, the PMaB-800-1/PMS system achieved complete removal of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) within 15 min, exhibiting a high apparent rate constant (kobs) of 0.35 min−1 and an ultra-high PMS utilization efficiency of 0.53. Radical quenching experiments, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and electrochemical analyses confirmed that 2,4,6-TCP degradation was predominantly driven by a non-radical oxidation pathway involving 1O2, O2•-, and direct electron transfer. Insights from XPS, Raman spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations further revealed that C=O/O–C=O groups and pyridinic N served as the primary active sites for PMS activation and the selective generation of reactive oxygen species. This study not only provides a sustainable route for the upcycling of spent aquatic plants, but also offers a robust strategy for constructing efficient remediation systems for organic pollutants.

108. 题目: Effects of structural heterogeneity in soil humic acids from distinct river basins on Tl(III) binding-reduction: kinetics and mechanisms
文章编号: N26072107
期刊: Journal of Hazardous Materials
作者: Hongye Li, Die Hu, Chengxue Ma, Ruixing Huang, Yuheng Huang, Qiang He, Hongxia Liu, Xiaoliu Huangfu
更新时间: 2026-07-21
摘要: Interactions between thallium (Tl) and natural organic matter (NOM) are key factors influencing the environmental fate of Tl in soil and water systems. As an important component of soil NOM, humic acid (HA) may participate in Tl binding and valence-state transformations. However, the structural composition of soil HAs differs among river basins. The mechanisms by which this variability influences Tl(III) speciation remain poorly understood. Therefore, soil HAs from the Songhua, Yangtze, and Pearl River basins were selected for this study and designated as SSHA, YSHA, and PSHA, respectively. Along with a commercial HA standard (Sigma-HA) used as a control, these samples were employed in kinetic experiments to investigate the coupled processes of Tl(III) binding and reduction. This study shows that the interaction between HA and Tl(III) follows stage-dependent kinetics, with rapid binding dominating the initial stage of the reaction, followed by a gradual increase in the extent of Tl(III) reduction. The pH of the system can modulate the protonation state of HA functional groups and the hydrolytic speciation of Tl(III), thereby influencing the transformation of Tl(III). Results for the ultraviolet parameters indicate that variations in the ultraviolet response of HA are primarily governed by its intrinsic structural characteristics. Spectroscopic analyses showed that HA induced the rapid and sustained reduction of Tl(III), with concurrent restructuring of carbon moieties on the HA surface and alterations in functional groups containing oxygen. These findings provide important insights into how NOM mediates Tl transport and transformation in aquatic environments.

109. 题目: Forestation enhances soil organic carbon sequestration with divergent coupling mechanisms along aridity gradients
文章编号: N26072106
期刊: Soil Biology and Biochemistry
作者: Nan Huang, Jie Yu Wang, Yuan Chen, Wen Ke Qin, Jia Xie Huang, Chang Ming Zhao, Jin Hua Li
更新时间: 2026-07-21
摘要: Forestation is widely recognized as a promising strategy for mitigating climate change, largely due to its substantial influence on soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems. However, systematic comparisons of SOC fractions and their interrelationship following forestation across aridity gradients are not fully elucidated. Based on a global meta-analysis of 582 observations, this study evaluated the effects of forestation on SOC sequestration and the linkages between physical and necromass carbon fractions along aridity gradients. Responses of SOC, mineral-associated organic carbon and particulate organic carbon to forestation diminished non-linearly along aridity gradients. Specifically, forestation enhanced SOC sequestration by 21.5% on average, and the promotion effect weakened with decreasing aridity, declining from +53.1% to −17.6% in arid regions and from +54.6% to −5.6% in humid regions. Regardless of soil depth, tree species, stand age, and restoration type, forestation consistently enhanced total SOC pool and mineral-associated organic carbon in arid regions, whereas it predominantly increased particulate organic carbon in humid regions. However, the responses of microbial necromass carbon exhibited opposite trends between the two climatic regions. Compared with reforestation, afforestation induced greater SOC sequestration and mineral-associated organic carbon stocks, accompanied by a reduced contribution of microbial necromass carbon to SOC. Notably, SOC concentrations and physical fractions were positively correlated with microbial necromass carbon. Nevertheless, microbial necromass carbon was not the primary source responsible for the increased SOC sequestration following forestation. As drought intensified, the slope of relationship between mineral-associated to particulate organic carbon ratio and SOC showed an increasing trend, whereas the association of microbial necromass carbon with SOC diminished. These results underscore the universally positive effects of forestation on SOC sequestration, and reveal divergent coupling patterns between physical and necromass carbon fractions mediating SOC accumulation across aridity gradients. This study provides a scientific basis for developing targeted soil carbon management strategies.

110. 题目: Adsorption Mitigated Aggregation Controls Sedimentation of Sulfonamide Antibiotics in Complex with Dissolved Black Carbon
文章编号: N26072105
期刊: Water Research
作者: Jie Liang, Guoyu Li, Jingyi Zhang, Ning Tang, Lan Lu, Qing Cai, Wenjia Kong, Genying Zeng, Xingzhong Yuan
更新时间: 2026-07-21
摘要: Dissolved black carbon (DBC) is widely present in aquatic environments and influences pollutant behavior. Herein, sulfonamide antibiotics (SAs) were used to investigate their adsorption onto DBC and the aggregation and sedimentation of SA-DBC complexes. The results showed that adsorption of SAs onto DBC initiated stabilization of DBC/SA-DBC aggregation, with SM2-DBC displaying the strongest stabilizing capacity, which was closely associated with SA-DBC sedimentation. Adsorption capacity was SM2 > SD > SMX at circumneutral pH, with stronger SM2-DBC interactions increasing complex stability. This adsorption stabilized DBC through enhanced electrical double-layer (EDL) interactions, combined with possible non-DLVO mechanisms (e.g., hydration repulsion and steric hindrance), increasing CCCNa from 44 to 115, 136, 107 mM and CCCCa from 1.75 to 2.08, 2.39, 2.00 mM for SD, SM2, SMX, with SM2-DBC showing the greatest CCC. Moreover, high ionic strength in natural water promoted DBC aggregation. The sedimentation experiments revealed that DBC-mediated SAs transport was time/ionic strength dependent, with SM2 exhibiting minimum deep-water partitioning (54%, 72 h) under hydrostatic conditions. The sedimentation of SA-DBC remains inhibited by adsorption/aggregation (p < 0.05) under adjusted environmental conditions. This stabilization mechanism implied that the adsorption of anionic pollutants onto DBC can stabilize contaminant-DBC aggregation and suppress sedimentation under prolonged environmental timescales. These findings elucidate the coupled behaviors of DBC and SAs in diverse aquatic conditions, emphasizing the potential role of DBC in regulating pollutant behaviors.

111. 题目: Identification of Sources of Dissolved Organic Matter Using Multi‐Isotope Approach
文章编号: N26072104
期刊: Clean - Soil Air Water
作者: Bhumika Kumari, Tirumalesh Keesari
更新时间: 2026-07-21
摘要: Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is the most important nutrient source for the microbial community of the aquatic ecosystem and plays a pivotal role in nutrient cycling. In this study, DOM extraction through the solid phase extraction (SPE) method and measurement of δ 13 C, δ 15 N, and δ 34 S using an Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer (IRMS) are detailed. The Inertsep HLB‐FF cartridge was used for extraction and efficiency was estimated to be 85.2 ± 2%–89 ± 2% for the tested standards and 58 ± 3% for a wide range of natural water samples. The δ 13 C, δ 15 N, and δ 34 S values of the eluted fractions of SPE‐extracts were found to be similar to the original values of the tested standards (HA and FA compounds), suggesting that the developed method is robust and does not lead to any statistically significant isotopic fractionation during DOM extraction. Natural water samples such as dam reservoir, lake water, and groundwater from different geological terrains were tested using the developed method and the isotopic values were used to identify the DOM sources. The analytical method described in this study has the potential to obtain deeper insights into nutrient cycling as well as source and pathways of emerging contaminants.

112. 题目: Mapping Long-Term Soil Organic Carbon Stocks Across the Conterminous United States with Machine Learning.
文章编号: N26072103
期刊: Environmental Research
作者: Hannah J Rubin, Xinxin Zhang, Joshua S Fu, T Edward Yu
更新时间: 2026-07-21
摘要: Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a critical component of the global carbon cycle, but existing estimates of SOC stocks across the contiguous United States (CONUS) vary widely for the top 30 cm, hindering efforts to assess carbon sequestration potential and inform climate mitigation strategies. We compiled and harmonized SOC measurements from five major databases spanning 1984-2022 across diverse environmental conditions. Using a parsimonious set of environmental covariates, we compared the performance of linear regression and three machine learning algorithms for predicting SOC stocks. Random Forest demonstrated the best validation performance (R2 = 0.47, root mean squared error (RMSE) = 0.95 kg/m2) and was used to generate nationally consistent annual 30 m SOC stock maps from 1990-2022. Our analysis estimates total CONUS SOC stocks at 60.4 Pg C, with agricultural soils, forested soils, and shrubland and grassland soils representing the three dominant pools. Comparison of predicted and observed annual SOC across U.S. Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service (USDA ERS) farm resource regions showed that annual means calculated from long-term observations were more variable than model predictions. This pattern indicates that apparent annual SOC trends are strongly influenced by the spatial and temporal distribution of available observations. These results demonstrate that the maps are most useful for evaluating broad spatial patterns, regional and land cover differences, and the limits of interpreting annual SOC change from heterogeneous long-term observations. This framework provides a complementary resource to existing SOC products for carbon accounting, land use planning, biofuel life cycle assessment, and prioritizing future SOC monitoring.

113. 题目: Iron-modified rice husk biochar immobilizes arsenic in paddy soils and suppresses grain accumulation: Mechanistic evidence from soil biogeochemistry and root ultrastructure
文章编号: N26072102
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Md Imran Ullah Sarkar, Md Tofail Hosain, Ravi Naidu, Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
更新时间: 2026-07-21
摘要: Arsenic (As) mobilization in flooded paddy soils poses a critical food-safety risk due to its efficient uptake by rice. This study evaluated iron-modified rice husk biochar (Fe-MRHB) as an amendment for controlling As speciation, mobility, and accumulation across the soil-porewater-root-grain interface in two contrasting paddy soils (neutral pH and acidic). Iron modification increased Fe content and introduced Fe-bearing phases and oxygen-containing functional groups, enhancing redox buffering and sorptive capacity of Fe-MRHB. Fe-MRHB reduced pore-water As by 28–62% and lowered As(III):As(V) ratios, indicating enhanced oxidation of mobile As(III) and reduced As bioavailability. Iron-plaque development on rice roots increased by up to 67%, while plaque-associated As declined by 40–55%. XPS analysis confirmed mixed-valence Fe species with a shift in As speciation toward less mobile forms at root surfaces, while TEM-EDS of root vascular tissue showed reduced As deposition in cell walls and restricted intracellular diffusion. Fe-MRHB substantially altered bacterial community composition in flooded soils. Consequently, rice grains exhibited declines of up to 55% in total As and 47% in inorganic As. Multivariate analyses identified pore-water EC, Eh, and DOC, together with soil EC and S, as dominant drivers of grain As accumulation. Collectively, Fe-MRHB disrupted As mobilization pathways and limited its accumulation in rice grains through coupled changes in pore-water chemistry, bacterial community composition, and root-surface processes. This study provides comprehensive mechanistic evidence supporting Fe-modified biochar as a viable means of mitigating As risks in rice cultivation, thereby contributing to a safer food supply.

114. 题目: Multi-spectroscopy reveals coal-derived DOM fingerprints for mine-water source identification
文章编号: N26072101
期刊: Environmental Technology & Innovation
作者: Zepeng Wan, Yanqing Wu, Peng Lu, Shun Yang, Yangcheng Xu, Tianyuan Chen, Baisheng Nie
更新时间: 2026-07-21
摘要: Mine water source identification and water-inrush tracing in deep coal mines remain challenging due to the complex hydrogeological conditions. Coal-derived dissolved organic matter (Coal-DOM) has emerged as a potential organic tracer, yet its temperature-dependent release characteristics under deep mining conditions are poorly understood. This study investigates the release of Coal-DOM from coals of varying metamorphism (long flame coal, lean coal, anthracite) at 25 °C and 50 °C using DOC analysis, EEM spectroscopy, and FT-ICR MS. Results show that elevated temperature significantly enhances DOC release, most markedly in anthracite (from 9.1 to 13.5 mg-C/L). For low-rank coals, temperature promotes the release of polar, protein-like DOM, increasing molecular diversity (from 3,877 to 7,876 formulas) and oxidation state (O/C from 0.31 to 0.40). In contrast, anthracite releases DOM dominated by aliphatic compounds (>75%), a signature reinforced at higher temperatures. These rank-specific molecular fingerprints exhibit clear media-specificity, demonstrating their potential as supplementary organic tracers for discriminating mine water sources and tracing water-inrush pathways in complex deep mining environments.

115. 题目: Molecular and compound-specific δ13C signatures of terrigenous organic matter along the Southwestern Atlantic Margin
文章编号: N26072018
期刊: Organic Geochemistry
作者: Ligia Dias de Araujo, Felipe S Freitas, Rafael A Lourenço, Natalia Venturini, Satie Taniguch, César C Martins, Michel M de Mahiques, Márcia C Bícego
更新时间: 2026-07-20
摘要: Continental margins are efficient sinks for organic carbon, integrating marine production with terrigenous organic matter (OM) supplied by riverine systems. Identifying and distinguishing terrestrial OM sources is therefore essential for understanding land-ocean carbon transfer. Here, molecular distributions and compound-specific δ13C values of long-chain n-alkanes were analyzed in surface sediments along the Southwestern Atlantic Margin (SAM; 23°–37°S) to characterize terrigenous OM inputs under modern environmental conditions. The combined use of n-alkane indices (ACL25–33, Norm31) and homolog-specific δ13C values reveals three main continental contributions: (i) grassland-dominated OM exported by the Río de la Plata (RdlP), (ii) tropical rainforest-derived OM from rivers draining the São Paulo Bight, and (iii) arid vegetation-derived OM from the Paraíba do Sul River basin. OM associated with the RdlP and Paraíba do Sul rivers shows higher ACL25–33 and Norm31 values and relatively enriched δ13C signatures, whereas rainforest-derived OM is characterized by lower molecular indices and more depleted δ13C values. Spatial patterns indicate that RdlP-derived OM extends farther northeastward and toward the continental slope than previously recognized, while local riverine inputs and shelf circulation promote strong mixing within the São Paulo Bight. Systematic offsets between δ13C values of n-C29 and n-C31 further suggest that homolog-specific isotopic signatures reflect hydroclimatic controls and grass inputs rather than simple C3-C4 mixing alone. By defining representative molecular and isotopic end-members for major terrigenous OM sources to the SAM, this study provides a robust geochemical framework for tracing continental inputs in marine sediments and establishes a reference for paleoenvironmental reconstructions of vegetation, hydroclimate, and land-ocean carbon exchange.

116. 题目: Upstream Inputs and Sludge Line Recirculation Drive Dissolved Organic Nitrogen Accumulation in Industrial Wastewater Treatment Systems
文章编号: N26072017
期刊: Water Research
作者: Lei Tianyu, Sille B Larsen, Cai Siying, Kjellberg Kasper, Krist V Gernaey, Flores-Alsina Xavier
更新时间: 2026-07-20
摘要: As effluent total nitrogen (TN) limits become increasingly stringent, dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) is emerging as a structural capacity constraint in highly optimized industrial wastewater treatment systems because conventional nitrification–denitrification primarily targets inorganic nitrogen species. The challenge is particularly acute in the biotech industries, where DON could originate from residual proteins in fermentation broths, downstream purification losses, biomass washing, and alkaline stabilization. This study develops and validates an integrated modeling framework to predict effluent dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and DON under full-scale industrial conditions while preserving COD, N, P, and metal (S, Al, Ca, Mg, Na, K) mass balance consistency. The largest industrial wastewater treatment system in Northern Europe was simulated using an upstream–plantwide mechanistic framework integrating anaerobic digestion (ADM), activated sludge (ASM), and physicochemical (PCM) models. Process extensions representing alkaline-induced solubilization and conservative transport of soluble inert DOC/DON fractions were implemented. Calibration used a dedicated short-term measurement campaign (DataS) and reconciled plant-wide mass balances. A complementary multiple linear regression (MLR) layer, developed from 22 years of operational data (DataH), was integrated to strengthen long-term predictive robustness. Ten operational scenarios (S0–S9) were evaluated, including upstream DOC/DON redirection in ultrafiltration/reverse osmosis (UF/RO) retentate and/or spent biomass, and sludge-line management to avoid DOC and DON recirculation. The integrated framework reproduced plant-wide mass balances with < 13 % deviation across treatment units. Model predictions show that DOC and DON discharge patterns are strongly controlled by upstream and biosolids-line reconfiguration, with concentrations decreasing from 200 to 50 mg COD/L for DOC and from 11 to 4 mg N/L for DON across scenarios. The regression layer further confirmed prediction reliability with R2 > 0.79 between DOC/DON effluent concentrations and key operational drivers, including flow rates, COD loads, and alkaline stabilization intensity. Economic assessment indicates that avoiding DOC/DON recirculation can reduce operational expenditures (OPEX) by up to 13% (S8), and external retentate treatment may increase costs by up to 90%. Sustainability indicators further show that operational reconfiguration reshapes plant-wide resource use and environmental performance. In total, DON represents a critical structural constraint on the expansion of industrial wastewater treatment capacity. Unless DON formation is reduced through upstream or sludge-line reconfiguration, compliance constraints (DON < 5 mg N/L) will limit the plant’s effective treatment capacity and narrow it to a point where capital-intensive tertiary treatments such as granular activated carbon (GAC) polishing may become unavoidable. Such measures could increase OPEX with a factor of three and add approximately 1000 tons CO2-eq/year GHG emissions. The proposed framework provides a robust decision-support tool for designing expansion strategies that balance regulatory compliance, economic performance, and environmental sustainability.

117. 题目: Long-term effects of glyphosate on substrates with varying organic matter content: an ecotoxicological assessment under laboratory conditions.
文章编号: N26072016
期刊: Environmental Science and Pollution Research
作者: Olga Bemowska-Kałabun, Anna Zawadzka, Małgorzata Wierzbicka
更新时间: 2026-07-20
摘要: The study aimed to determine the time required for glyphosate and its primary decomposition product, AMPA, to degrade in substrates with varying organic matter content, and to identify when the toxic effects of these substances diminish due to decomposition in the tested substrates. Additionally, the study investigated how nitrogen and phosphorus levels change during the decomposition of glyphosate and AMPA in relation to the organic matter content of the substrates. Ecotoxicological assessments were conducted using biotests (Phytotoxkit, Lemna, and Microtox). Chemical analyses of substrates with different organic matter contents were performed to measure glyphosate and AMPA levels, as well as various forms of nitrogen and phosphorus. The experiments were carried out under laboratory conditions over a time course from 0 to 24 months after herbicide application. It has been shown that sand is the substrate in which glyphosate and AMPA degrade most slowly (up to 24 months). The presence of undegraded glyphosate and AMPA in sand resulted in the longest-lasting toxic effects on test organisms in the bioassays conducted with this substrate. In agricultural soil, however, undecomposed glyphosate and AMPA had a toxic effect on the studied organisms only for a short period after the herbicide was applied, due to the rapid degradation of glyphosate and AMPA (3 months). There was an increase in the levels of phosphorus and nitrogen in the substrates after the herbicide was added, compared to the control. Although the experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions, the observed increase in nitrogen and phosphorus content in the tested substrates following the degradation of glyphosate and AMPA suggests that there may be potential implications for processes in the natural environment. This could be particularly relevant in areas where high doses of glyphosate have been used over many years. Additionally, it appears that in substrates with lower organic matter content, the degradation of glyphosate and AMPA might take longer, potentially leading to a more extended toxic effect on living organisms compared to substrates with higher organic matter. These observations could, in some cases, contribute to the development of increased tolerance to glyphosate in plants from such areas. However, further studies would be necessary to fully understand these effects.

118. 题目: Moderate straw addition enhances the water stability of artificially reconstructed soil aggregates by regulating pore structure and organic carbon fractions.
文章编号: N26072015
期刊: Journal of Environmental Management
作者: Jianle Zhang, Yingsong Yang, Kai Guo, Haiyue Li, Xiaofeng Zhao, Yanhui Wang, Feng Ai, Xiao Deng, Binbin Li, Mingxiang Xu
更新时间: 2026-07-20
摘要: Soil aggregates underpin key soil ecological functions, yet their natural recovery is inherently slow. Artificial aggregate reconstruction using straw as an organic binding agent and structural support provides a potential pathway for accelerating soil structure restoration, although its effectiveness remains unclear. This study examined the effects of six straw addition levels (0, 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9%, w/w) on water stability, organic carbon fractions, and pore characteristics of reconstructed aggregates during a one-year incubation. The results showed that moderate straw addition (3%-5%) retained the highest proportion of water-stable macroaggregates and produced the highest mean weight diameter (MWD). At day 30, MWD under the 5% treatment was 1.97 mm, 7.88 times that of the control and 121.57% higher than that of the original field-soil aggregates, and it remained relatively high under moderate addition at day 365. Excessive straw addition increased soil organic carbon (SOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC), and pore abundance, but these gains were not effectively converted into higher water stability. By contrast, moderate straw addition was associated with a more favorable combination of carbon accumulation and pore structure, characterized by stronger connectivity, more 5-20 μm pores, and few localized macropores. Variance partitioning analysis revealed that the shared explanatory fraction of carbon fractions and pore structure accounted for 54.9% of MWD variation. These findings indicate that reconstructed aggregate water stability was better explained by carbon-pore relationships than by carbon accumulation or pore production alone, providing a reference for straw-based soil structure restoration strategies.

119. 题目: Synergistic oxidation and adsorption of humic acid by electro-activated ferrous: Process exploration, mechanism insights, and practical applications.
文章编号: N26072014
期刊: Journal of Environmental Management
作者: Hui Jiang, Xin Yao, Hongjie Ran, Yuanyuan Huang, Letong Zhou, Ying Yang, Sen Yang, Hailong Kang
更新时间: 2026-07-20
摘要: Conventional drinking water treatment processes exhibit limited efficiency in removing humic acid (HA), making it difficult to effectively suppress the formation risk of disinfection by-products (DBPs). To address this issue, an electrochemical pretreatment system integrating synergistic oxidation, flocculation, and co-precipitation processes was developed. This system employs electro-activated ferrous (EAF) to enhance HA removal and thereby mitigate the formation of DBPs precursors at the source. Using a Ti/TiO2-Ta2O5-IrO2 anode and a graphite cathode, under the conditions of 30 mg L-1 Fe2+ dosage, 3 mA cm-2 current density, and 2 cm electrode spacing, the removal rate of natural organic matter reached 92.62% ± 1.99%. Analysis via three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy (3D-EEM) and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis) collectively confirmed that macromolecular HA underwent significant oxidative cleavage and adsorption removal in the reaction system. Hydroxyl radicals (·OH) attacking HA molecules were identified as the key mechanism driving oxidative degradation. Meanwhile, the continuous redox cycling of iron species (Fe2+/Fe3+) in the system facilitated this process, and the resulting Fe3+ effectively removed HA and their degradation products through flocculation. Furthermore, the coexistence of Fe, O, and C elements within the flocs, along with the identified coordination structures between HA and Fe(OH)3, directly confirms the binding of organic matter, such as HA, onto iron hydroxide flocs. Finally, the applicability of this technology was validated in real water samples, and its disinfection efficacy was evaluated through microbial diversity analysis.

120. 题目: Freeze-thaw-induced destabilization of organic matter in Mollisols after decadal mineral fertilization
文章编号: N26072013
期刊: Soil Biology and Biochemistry
作者: Dan-Dan Wang, Zhiming Zhang, Peng He, Shan-Shan Dai, Minghui Liu, Yu Luo, Tida Ge, Ekaterina Filimonenko, Yakov Kuzyakov, William R Horwath, Lu-Jun Li
更新时间: 2026-07-20
摘要: Long-term mineral fertilization regulates the quantity and quality of soil organic matter (SOM) by altering soil properties and microbial processes. However, how long-term mineral fertilization modulates SOM stability, particularly its response to seasonal freeze-thaw (FT) cycles in agroecosystems, remains nearly unknown. Here, we investigated the combined impacts of 26-year mineral fertilization (N, P, and K) and FT events on the stability of particulate and mineral-associated organic matter (POM and MAOM, respectively) in a Mollisol. The results showed that FT events reduced POM recalcitrance (indicated by the aromatics/polysaccharides ratio and the aromatics/aliphatics ratio) and thermal stability (assessed by the temperatures of 50% mass loss and 50% stored energy release), with the most pronounced effects observed under high-rate mineral fertilization. This destabilization resulted from imbalanced carbon accumulation in POM (15%) and MAOM (9.1%) under fertilization compared to unfertilized soils, combined with a decrease in aromatic compounds and an increase in non-aromatic compounds. Mechanistically, fertilization-induced SOM destabilization, soil acidification, and increased available phosphorus, along with FT-driven rises in the fungal-bacterial ratio and the resource-microbe carbon:nitrogen imbalance, accelerated the decomposition of recalcitrant POM compounds during FT periods. Moreover, continuous maize (Zea mays L.) monoculture had a more pronounced negative response to FT events than the maize-soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) rotation. In contrast, MAOM maintained its persistence across FT events independent of fertilization regime. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that mineral fertilization increases the disruptive effects of seasonal FT events on SOM persistence primarily by destabilizing the POM fraction.