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141. 题目: Effects of biochar on soil carbon pool stability in the Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii) forest are regulated by the dominant soil microbial ecological strategy
文章编号: N24082808
期刊: Science of the Total Environment
作者: Mingzhou Huang, Tongxin Hu, Jianyu Wang, Yiyang Ding, Kajar Köster, Long Sun
更新时间: 2024-08-28
摘要: Biochar is widely used in integrated soil management, and can directly alter the soil environment and drastically affect the soil microbial community. Given the important role of soil microorganisms in the carbon cycling of soils, it is important to understand how biochar alters the stability of soil organic carbon (SOC) pools in Dahurian larch () forests through microbial pathways unburned and high-severity burned soils to guide comprehensive soil management and restore ecological functions in postfire soils. This study employed the r/K ecological strategy theory to quantify the ecological strategy propensities of soil microbial communities. The ratio of oligotrophic species to copiotrophic species was used to measure these propensities. The study aimed to establish a link between the ecological strategy choices of microbial communities and SOC pools. We found: that (1) biochar increases the mass of SOC regardless of whether the soil has experienced fire, (2) biochar addition to unburned stands makes the K-strategy dominant in microbial communities, significantly decreasing the mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) to SOC ratio and weakening the of SOC pool stability; (3) biochar addition to high-severity burned stands shifts the dominant microbial strategy to r-strategy, restoring the damaged microbial community to its preburned state. The MAOC/SOC ratio significantly increased, contributing to the restoration of the SOC pool stability and enhancing the soil carbon sequestration capacity. This study elucidates the effects of biochar addition on the dominant ecological strategy of microbial communities and alterations in the structure and stability of SOC pools, which is important for understanding how biochar affects SOC pools through biochemical pathways, and provides important references for unraveling the relation between microbial ecological strategies and soil carbon pools.

142. 题目: Impact assessment of Zeolite, Ca-bentonite and Biochar amendments on Cd bioavailability and fractions in polluted calcareous soils
文章编号: N24082807
期刊: Environmental Earth Sciences
作者: Meisam Rahimi, Boglárka Bertalan-Balázs, Ali Adelinia, Eisa Ebrahimi, Mohammadreza Ojani
更新时间: 2024-08-28
摘要:

The refining of polluted soils by heavy elements is one of the most important environmental policies in industrialized and developing countries. Using adsorbents is a suitable procedure for the immobilization of heavy metals in polluted soils. This study aimed to assess the immobilization of Cadmium (Cd) in polluted calcareous soil affected by the application of organic and inorganic amendments including Biochar (from grape pruning residues) and natural Zeolite and their interaction under wheat cultivation. The treatments used in this study were two amendments of Zeolite and Biochar (from grape pruning wastes) at three levels (0, 1, and 4%) and three levels of Cd contamination (0, 75, and 150 mg/kg soil). A 16-week incubation period was considered for the homogenization of the amendments in soil and wheat was grown according to the standards procedure. At the end of incubation, different fractions of Cd including residual, exchangeable, bonded to organic matter, bonded to carbonate and bonded to iron and manganese. Also available Cd by DTPA and EDTA methods and 1000-grain weight of wheat were measured. The results showed that the highest amount of Cd bound to organic matter was obtained in 4% Biochar treatment to 15 mg/kg. The highest and lowest amounts of Cd extracted with DTPA were obtained in the control one (92 mg/kg) and the level of 4% Biochar (67 mg/kg), respectively. The results showed that increasing the amount of Biochar and Zeolite amendments increased the weight of 1000 grains of wheat in all treatments. According to the results of the study, the use of Biochar and Zeolite reduced the amount of Cd extracted by DTPA ( 82.436 mg/kg) and EDTA (115.605 mg/kg). Finally, the results showed that the use of Biochar and Zeolite has reduced active Cd and its mobility in the soil due to increasing organic and carbonate fractions. Combining biochar and zeolite in soil remediation efforts can enhance their effectiveness in reducing the concentration and mobility of active Cd. The biochar provides a stable carbon matrix for long-term immobilization of Cd, while the zeolite offers additional adsorption capacity and ion-exchange capabilities. This synergistic effect can lead to improved soil quality and reduced environmental risks associated with Cd contamination.

143. 题目: Ball milling nano-sized biochar: bibliometrics, preparation, and environmental application
文章编号: N24082806
期刊: Environmental Science and Pollution Research
作者: Lingfeng Zeng, Jiezhi Ma, Jie Yang, Jian Yang, Xiangzhou Zeng, Yaoyu Zhou
更新时间: 2024-08-28
摘要:

Nano-sized biochar, which is a small structure prepared from biochar by grinding, has surpassed traditional biochar in performance, showing enhanced effects and potential for a wide range of environmental applications. Firstly, this paper visualizes and analyzes the literature in this field by CiteSpace to clarify the development trend of nano-sized biochar. The review intuitively shows the most influential countries, the most productive institutions, and the most concerned hot spots in the field of nano-sized biochar. Secondly, these hotspots in environment management are summarized by keywords and clustering: (1) The application of ball milling is a modification scheme that researchers have paid attention to, and it is also a key method for preparing biochar nanomaterials. It has a more dispersed structure and can support more modified materials. (2) Nano-sized biochar in the comprehensive utilization of water, soil, and plants was discussed and is a small range of application modification methods. (3) The bidirectional effects of nano-sized biochar on plants were analyzed, and the challenges in its application were listed. Finally, the economic management of nano-sized biochar and the relationship between microorganisms are the focus of the next research.

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144. 题目: Estimating spatiotemporal variations of cropland soil organic carbon and its sequestration potential in central China from 1984 to 2019
文章编号: N24082805
期刊: Catena
作者: Yuanyuan Li, Panpan Ma, Zhenfu Wu, Jie Chen, Yanfeng Zhao
更新时间: 2024-08-28
摘要: Assessing spatial and temporal changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) over time is crucial for understanding soil fertility and its impact on the global carbon cycle. This study analyzed the spatiotemporal changes of SOC in a typical agricultural region of the North China Plain from 1984 to 2019 and explored the potential for SOC sequestration. A total of 411 soil samples were collected in 1984, with subsequent sampling in 2009 (411 samples) and 2019 (181 samples). Geostatistical Sequential Gaussian Simulation (SGS) was utilized to quantify the spatiotemporal trends of SOC changes from 1984 to 2019. The SOC sequestration potential (SOC) was estimated using the Levenberg-Marquardt and Universal Global Optimization algorithms. The results revealed a significant elevation in mean SOC from 5.84 g kg in 1984 to 10.64 g kg in 2019, with an increasing trend observed from the northwest towards the southeast. The SOC increase rate during 2009–2019 (0.48 t/ha yr) surpassed that of 1984–2009 (0.32 t/ha yr). The fine-textured soil in the north showed a faster increase in SOC compared to coarse-textured soils in the south. Estimated SOC ranged from 2.81 to 24.34 t C/ha, with a mean of 12.43 t C/ha across the area. Loam clay, silt clay, clay loam and loam in the north exhibited lower SOC (0–10 t C/ha) compared to sandy loam in the south. The time required to reach SOC saturation (T) was high (>20 years) in the south, an area dominated by sandy loam, compared to the north, with a low T (0–20 years) covered by fine-textured soil. These findings suggest croplands might be a potential carbon sink to be developed through sustainable and efficient agricultural management in this typical agricultural region of the North China Plain, particularly in the sandy loam of the region’s southern area.

145. 题目: Molecular characterization on the fractionation of organic phosphorus induced by iron oxide adsorption using ESI-FT-ICR MS
文章编号: N24082804
期刊: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
作者: Yongcan Jiang, Minli Guo, Yinlong Shao, Yunling Du, Jie Wang, Zekai Huang, Jianfeng Li, Yi Wang, Guanglong Liu
更新时间: 2024-08-28
摘要: The interaction between organic phosphorus (OP) and iron oxide significantly influences the phosphorus cycle in the natural environment. In shallow lakes, intense oxidation-reduction fluctuations constantly alter the existing form of iron oxides, but little is known about their impact on the adsorption and fractionation of OP molecules. In this study, electrospray ionization coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FT-ICR MS) was used to investigate the fractionation of OP from alkali-extracted sediment induced by crystalline goethite and amorphous ferrihydrite adsorption at a molecular scale. The results showed that ferrihydrite and goethite both exhibited high OP adsorption, and the adsorption amount decreased as the pH increased. The adsorption kinetics matched the pseudo-second-order equation. The ESI-FT-ICR MS analysis showed that 91 P-containing formulas were detected in the alkaline-extracted sediment solution. Ferrihydrite and goethite adsorbed 51 and 24 P-containing formulas, respectively, with adsorption rates of 56.0 % and 26.4 %. Ferrihydrite could adsorb more OP compounds than goethite, but no obvious molecular species selectivity was observed during the adsorption. The P-containing compounds, including unsaturated hydrocarbons-, lignin/carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecule (CRAM)-, tannin-, and carbohydrate-like molecular compounds, were more suitable for iron oxide adsorption. The double bond equivalence (DBE) is a valuable parameter that indicates OP fractionation during adsorption, and P-containing compounds with lower DBE values such as lipid- and protein-like molecular were prone to remain in the solution after adsorption. These research results provide insights into the biogeochemical cycling process of P in the natural environment.

146. 题目: Unveiling the explanatory power of environmental variables in soil organic carbon mapping: A global–local analysis framework
文章编号: N24082803
期刊: Geoderma
作者: Yujiao Wei, Yiyun Chen, Jiaxue Wang, Bo Wang, Peiheng Yu, Yongsheng Hong, Liandong Zhu
更新时间: 2024-08-28
摘要: Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a critical component that affects soil quality and global carbon cycling. Current SOC mapping approaches are based on the spatial stationarity relationship of SOC and soil formation processes. Nevertheless, the spatial pattern of SOC is the consequence of different soil-forming factors and processes that operate at different scales. In this work, we hypothesized that the covariation of environmental variables and SOC might differ spatially, and proposed a global (whole area) and local analysis framework that aimed to enhance our comprehension of the explanatory scale of environmental variables on SOC variation. This framework primarily incorporates Geographically Weighted correlation and the Multi-scale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) model. With 216 farmland topsoil samples collected from the Qilu Lake watershed in Yunnan Province, China (area of 354 km), we explored both global and local relationships between environmental variables and SOC to verify the feasibility of this framework. Results showed that the explanatory power of environmental variables on SOC variation is scale-dependent. Our analysis revealed that certain variables, which may explain local variations of SOC, are often overlooked due to their insignificant global correlation with SOC (p > 0.05). For example, in this case study, soil porosity and two landscape metrics that characterize the anthropogenic processes of land use patterns can effectively explain the local spatial variation of SOC. They improved the model performance of MGWR, but their global correlation with SOC is not significant. The proposed framework highlights the necessity of investigating the explanatory power of environmental variables on a global and local scale.

147. 题目: Crucial role of extracellular polymeric substances from anammox sludge in wastewater phosphorus recovery via magnesium phosphate crystallization
文章编号: N24082802
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Jiayi Li, Yu Zhang, Yongxing Chen, Yangzhong Zhang, Junfeng Yang, Zhenguo Chen, Xiaojun Wang
更新时间: 2024-08-28
摘要: The magnesium phosphate (Mg-P) crystallization based on anaerobic ammonia oxidation is of interest for simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal in wastewater treatment due to cost-effectiveness. Understanding the role of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in crystal growth is pivotal for bio-induced Mg-P crystallization. In this work, the effects of EPS in Mg-P crystallization were thoroughly investigated. Results indicated that EPS decreased the initial crystallization rate but slightly improved the final crystallization yield. The maximum removal efficiencies of Mg and P ions increased by 2.8 % and 3.1 %, respectively, when EPS concentration was 80 mg/L. Additionally, the presence of EPS enhanced Mg(PO)·10 HO production and facilitated the formation of larger rhombic plate-like structures crystals (maximum particle size increased by 215 %). Analysis of EPS composition changes during the crystallization process and characterization of the final crystals suggested that tryptophan-like proteins preferentially involved in the Mg-P crystallization process, while β-sheet proteins potentially influencing crystal morphology. Furthermore, the formation of phosphate ester groups, hydrogen bonding, and COOH-Mg complexes were considered triggering factors for the interaction between EPS and Mg-P crystals. This study elucidated the underlying mechanism of EPS on Mg-P crystallization, further enhancing the understanding of the interaction between inorganic mineralization processes and microorganisms.

148. 题目: Fate of heavy metals in ecosystems of dam reservoirs: Transport, distribution and significance of the origin of organic matter
文章编号: N24082801
期刊: Environmental Pollution
作者: Maksymilian Cieśla, Renata Gruca-Rokosz
更新时间: 2024-08-28
摘要: In this article, a multivariate analysis of the parameters determining the transport and fate of selected heavy metals in the water - bottom sediment interface was carried out. The studies were carried out in the summer season of 2019 at Nielisz Reservoir (southeastern Poland, Lublin Voivodeship).Finally, a previously unknown factor related to the quality of organic matter was identified. Autochthonous organic matter was shown to promote the accumulation of the studied heavy metals. To date, the significance of the origin of organic matter in the context of the transport and fate of heavy metals in retention reservoirs has rarely been reported in the scientific literature. More than that, this factor was not considered an important component in the process of heavy metal deposition in bottom sediments. However, it turns out that not only the quantity of organic matter, but also its quality plays an important role in the circulation of heavy metals in retention reservoir ecosystems. It was found that autochthonous organic matter promotes the accumulation of the studied heavy metals. It can be assumed that, in a sense, it plays the role of a catenary (hub) controlling the fate of heavy metals in the water-sediment system. It has also been conjectured that, in a sense, OMS may reflect the potential for heavy metal assimilation by aquatic vascular plants (mainly of the C3 group). Plants with a photosynthetic pathway similar to the C3 group generally have a much lower enrichment in the 13C isotope (δ13C from −38‰ to −22‰). In our case, the lowest δ13C-TOCS value was −24.05‰, and the average for the whole reservoir was −21.53‰. In addition, it was observed that quantitative changes in the isotopic composition of total organic carbon δ13C-TOCS, corresponded with changes in the content of the heavy metals studied in entrapped sediments.

149. 题目: Humic acid changes effect of naturally occurring oxidants on the environmental transformation of molybdenum disulfide nanosheets
文章编号: N24082619
期刊: Journal of Environmental Management
作者: Ting-Wei Lee, Chiaying Chen
更新时间: 2024-08-26
摘要: 2H-phase molybdenum disulfide (2H-MoS) has been considered to be a chemically stable two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial. Nonetheless, the persistence of 2H-MoS in the presence of environmental redox-active matrices, such as naturally occurring oxidants (e.g., manganese dioxide (MnO)) and natural organic matter (NOM), remains largely unknown. Herein, we examined the interplay between 2H-MoS, MnO (a common natural oxidant), and NOM species (i.e., Aldrich humic acid (ALHA) and Suwannee River natural organic matter (SRNOM)). The results show that MnO accelerates the oxidative dissolution of 2H-MoS, regardless of the presence of dissolved oxygen. The effect of NOM on the MnO-induced fate of 2H-MoS was found to depend on its affinity for 2H-MoS and the functionality of NOM. ALHA preferentially adsorbed on hydrophobic 2H-MoS nanosheets due to the enrichment of reductive polycyclic aromatics and polyphenolic constituents. The preferential ALHA adsorption counteracted the MnO-triggered oxidative transformation of 2H-MoS, as revealed by the cathodic response of 2H-MoS (i.e., decreased the open circuit potential by 0.0338 V) and the emergence of reductive Mo‒C bonds at 228.8 and 231.9 eV upon the addition of ALHA. This work evaluated the persistence of 2H-MoS, illustrating its susceptibility to decomposition by naturally occurring oxidants and the influence of NOM on it. These findings are crucial for revealing the fate and transport of MoS in aquatic environments and provide guidelines for related applications in natural or engineered systems for MoS and potentially other 2D materials.

150. 题目: Effects of straw biochar on microbial-derived carbon: A global meta-analysis
文章编号: N24082618
期刊: Journal of Environmental Management
作者: Jinkang Yang, Li Li, Yinan Xu, Yalin Yu, Ahmad Latif Virk, Feng-Min Li, Haishui Yang, Zheng-Rong Kan
更新时间: 2024-08-26
摘要: Pyrolyzing biomass (e.g., crop straw) to produce biochar is a sustainable strategy in agricultural farmlands. Straw-derived biochar could increase soil organic carbon (SOC) and microbial-derived carbon (C) compared to no addition, while it is imperative to understand the effects of straw-derived biochar compared to its feedstock (e.g., straw). We retrieved 321 and 387 observations to investigate the effects of straw-derived biochar on microbial-derived C (e.g., microbial biomass C (MBC) and microbial necromass C (MNC)) taking no addition and straw as control, respectively. Notably, straw-derived biochar significantly increased dissolved organic C (DOC) by 24.9% and provided available substrates for microbial utilization, thus improving MBC by 16.7% and MNC by 19.7% compared to no addition. Nevertheless, compared to its feedstock (crop straw), straw-derived biochar significantly decreased MBC by 26.1% and MNC by 18.0% attributed to lower DOC, supported by a positive correlation between MBC and DOC (R = 0.53). A negative correlation between changes in MBC and SOC indicated the adverse of microbial activity for C accrual under conversion from straw to biochar. Moreover, soil layer, experiment duration, and initial C/N ratio are the crucial factors affecting MBC under the conversion from straw to biochar. Specifically, with significant variations among subgroups, when compared to straw addition, straw-derived biochar had lower reduction in MBC observed on 0–5 cm layers, mean annual precipitation ≥550 mm, mean annual temperature ≥10 °C, clay loam soil, experiment duration≥1 yr, initial SOC≥14 g kg, pH≥8, and bulk density ≥1.28 g cm. Straw-derived biochar even increased MBC by 32.8% in an anaerobic environment, associated with biochar produced under limited oxygen and anaerobic microorganisms dominating the microbial community. This study concludes that the conversion from crop straw to biochar increases SOC but constrains microbial-derived C, which may disturb the microbial-mediated C-cycling process.

151. 题目: Interception of internal phosphorus release from sediments by lanthanum-modified shrimp shell biochar in two application modes
文章编号: N24082617
期刊: Journal of Cleaner Production
作者: Fulong Cheng, Zuo Zhang, Changxin Zhao, Yuting Peng, Maoyu Liao, Jianxin Fan
更新时间: 2024-08-26
摘要: Lanthanum (La)-modified biochar has been widely investigated as a phosphate adsorbent material. However, its effectiveness and mechanism as an amendment material to manage sediment internal phosphorus (P) release under anoxic conditions is still unclear. Thus, a lanthanum carbonate-modified shrimp shell biochar (LBC-1) was synthesized for controlling sediment P release, and the efficacy, mechanism, and sediment microbial community impact of LBC-1 under two application modes (addition and capping) were investigated. The maximum adsorption capacity of LBC-1 for phosphate was 79.5 mg/g, superior to most La-modified biochar materials. The generation of LaPO and Ca(PO)(OH) precipitates and the formation of inner-sphere complexes were the main adsorption mechanisms of LBC-1 for phosphate. Both the LBC-1 addition and capping treatments successfully blocked sediment P release under anoxic conditions, with the removal efficiencies of DGT-labile P in the overlying water being 97.7–99.7% and 97.5–99.5%, respectively. The conversion of the mobile P forms to the stable HCl-P form in sediments played an important role in the interception of internal P release by the LBC-1 addition treatment. Furthermore, the LBC-1 addition treatment also prevented internal P release by effectively adsorbing DGT-labile P in the interstitial water due to the excellent P adsorption capacity of LBC-1. However, the prevention of P release from sediments by the LBC-1 capping treatment was mainly attributed to the efficient adsorption of DGT-labile P by LBC-1 at the sediment/overlying water interface. The release of P driven by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) was a key mechanism for the migration of P from sediment to interstitial water. The LBC-1 addition treatment reduced the relative abundance of SRB in the surface sediment and might inhibit the release of sediment P into the interstitial water, whereas the LBC-1 capping treatment had little effect on the relative abundance of SRB. In practice, the LBC-1 capping was easier to manipulate than the LBC-1 addition. These findings confirmed that sediment remediation using the LBC-1 capping treatment has great potential to manage internal P loading in eutrophic water bodies.

152. 题目: Organic carbon isotope (δ13Corg) curve and extinction trends across the Triassic/Jurassic boundary at Mt. Sparagio (Italy): A tool for global correlations between peritidal and pelagic successions
文章编号: N24082616
期刊: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
作者: Manuel Rigo, Marco Favero, Pietro Di Stefano, Simona Todaro
更新时间: 2024-08-26
摘要: The Triassic/Jurassic boundary (TJB, 201.3 Ma) is characterized by profound turnovers in both marine and terrestrial biota, known as end-Triassic mass Extinction event (ETE). During this severe event, distinct negative carbon isotope excursions (CIEs) have been globally observed, and they were linked to volcanogenic emissions or methane release by dissociation of clathrates. The triggering factor of the negative CIEs was attributed to the emplacement of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) and the break-up of the Pangea. Specifically, three significant carbon-cycle disruptions named Precursor, Initial and Main CIE have been recorded in several stratigraphic successions deposited in terrestrial and pelagic environments. We investigated the organic carbon isotope curve from the subtidal facies of the Mount Sparagio section (Sicily, Italy), which is a continuous peritidal succession representing an Upper Triassic to Lower Jurassic carbonate platform edging the south-western side of the Tethys Ocean. For the first time, we achieved a complete profile of organic carbon stable isotopic composition (δC) during the end-Triassic mass Extinction event (ETE) in a carbonate shallow water environment. The δC profile highlights the 3 negative excursions that characterized the Triassic/Jurassic boundary time interval in pelagic and deep-water successions. The documented CIEs correspond to significant biotic turnovers recognized along the Mt. Sparagio section, suggesting that also the Upper Triassic-Lower Jurassic carbonate platforms were affected by the onset of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province. Furthermore, although the Mt. Sparagio section has been studied in detail for microfacies associations and it is well biostratigraphically constrained with shallow marine macro- and microfossils, only the documented δC negative shifts allowed to correlate peritidal environments to pelagic successions, making the organic carbon curve (δC) a powerful tool for global correlations.

153. 题目: Tillage and land use management effects on soil organic matter and soil microbial biomass in a field network of practical farms in France, Romania, and Sweden
文章编号: N24082615
期刊: Applied Soil Ecology
作者: Ilka Engell, Jacqueline Gerigk, Deborah Linsler, Rainer Georg Joergensen, Martin Potthoff
更新时间: 2024-08-26
摘要: A reduction in tillage intensity, organic farming, and introduction of ley-grass periods into the crop rotation are means to improve the sustainable use of arable soils. The current study uses an on-farm approach to investigate soils from different practical farms in Northern France, Central Sweden, and Romania in comparison with previously published results from randomized field-experiments nearby. No-tillage generally increased the mean SOC and total N contents of arable fields in comparison with ploughing. However, this increase was only significant for the 70 % increase at 0–10 cm depth in France. No-tillage had no general effects on MBC or MBN and increased the ergosterol content at 0–10 cm depth in France and Sweden but not in Romania. Averaging depths and tillage systems, median MBC significantly increased in the order France (220 μg g soil), Romania (324 μg g soil), and Sweden (384 μg g soil), whereas the median MB-C/N ratios followed the order France (5.6), Sweden (8.3), and Romania (10.4). The study region-specific changes in soil pH significantly affected covariate MBC and MBN in the regression equations for equal slopes ANCOVA models. In Northern France, organic farming and ley-grass implementation into the crop rotation increased SOC and total N contents to the level of the no-tillage fields. On-farm research gives similar results to long-term field experiments in France, Romania, and Sweden. For this reason, on-farm research on practical fields is an important, less expensive alternative to randomized field experiments, with a high potential for investigating actual and relevant research objectives. This will intensify exchange in knowledge between scientists and farmers.

154. 题目: Comparative analysis of soil organic carbon and soil properties in landscapes of Kerala: insights from the Western Ghats of India
文章编号: N24082614
期刊: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
作者: U Surendran, P Raja, Ke Liu, Franco Bilotto, G Sridevi
更新时间: 2024-08-26
摘要:

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is known to vary among different ecosystems and soilscapes, yet the degree of variation remains uncertain. Comparing SOC levels in undisturbed ecosystems like forests with those in gradually altered ecosystems can provide valuable insights into the impact of land use on carbon dynamics. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different land uses on soil fertility parameters in the tropical region of Kerala, focusing on forests as well as cultivated agricultural landscape such as coconut, pepper, tapioca, acacia plantations, and mixed home garden cropping systems. Significant variations were observed among different crops and land use systems in terms of soil fertility. Forests exhibited the highest SOC content at 3.78 g kg−1, while acacia plantations showed the lowest at 0.76 g kg−1. Additionally, various soil properties such as different carbon fractions (e.g., humic acid, fulvic acid), total nitrogen, carbon, available nutrients, physical properties, aggregate size fractions, microbial biomass carbon, and spectral signatures differed significantly across the different land uses. These findings suggest a decline in soil fertility in altered ecosystems compared to adjacent forest soils, highlighting the vital role of forests in conserving natural resources and maintaining soil health. In addition, among the different landscapes studied, mixed cropping systems of home gardens sustained soil fertility better than monocropping systems. The observed variations in soil physicochemical properties among different land use types indicate a threat to sustainable crop production. Effective management practices aimed at improving soil fertility and sustaining crop production in these altered ecosystems are essential. This study highlights the importance of adopting appropriate management strategies to conserve soil health and ensure sustainable crop production in tropical landscapes like Kerala. The holistic approach adopted in this study, encompassing a wide range of soil fertility parameters across various land uses, along with its implications for sustainable land management, adds significant novelty and relevance to the existing literature on soil dynamics in tropical regions like Kerala.

155. 题目: Mapping the soil organic matter content in Northeast China considering the difference between dry lands and paddy fields
文章编号: N24082613
期刊: Soil and Tillage Research
作者: Chong Luo, Wenqi Zhang, Xiangtian Meng, Yunfei Yu, Xinle Zhang, Huanjun Liu
更新时间: 2024-08-26
摘要: Mapping the soil organic matter (SOM) content of cultivated lands at the regional scale is of great significance for evaluating the cultivated land quality and monitoring the soil carbon cycle, especially in the fertile black-soil area of China. The large paddy fields area is one of the characteristics of the black-soil area in Northeast China. The vast differences between paddy fields and dry lands may pose a major challenge in mapping the SOM contents of local cultivated lands. In this study, the SOM of cultivated lands in Northeast China is taken as the research object, and all available Landsat-8 images from 2014 to 2022 and the main environmental covariates (climate and terrain) are obtained. By combining the random forest regression algorithm, SOM prediction models of paddy fields and dry lands are established to evaluate the optimal window period and appropriate environmental covariates for paddy fields and dry lands. Finally, the accuracy difference between the global regression and local regression results for distinguishing paddy fields and dry lands is compared. The results showed that (1) the SOM content in Northeast China increased gradually from south to north, and the average SOM content in paddy fields was approximately 0.4 % higher than that in dry lands; (2) the SOM mapping time windows in paddy fields and dry lands in Northeast China differed, with paddy fields mapped in April and dry lands mapped in May; (3) the addition of environmental covariates improved the SOM prediction accuracy, with a greater importance for mapping SOM in paddy fields than in dry lands; and (4) the local regression results based on the division of paddy fields and dry lands achieved the highest prediction accuracy, with the highest determination coefficient (R) being 0.653 and lowest root mean square error (RMSE) being 1.144 %. This study proves that different types of arable land have a great impact on the SOM prediction accuracy. Researchers should adopt different strategies to map the SOM contents of paddy fields and dry lands.

156. 题目: Enhanced Cu2+ and Cd2+ removal by a novel co-pyrolysis biochar derived from sewage sludge and phosphorus tailings: adsorption performance and mechanisms
文章编号: N24082612
期刊: Environmental Geochemistry and Health
作者: Yifan Zeng, Zuxin Xu, Bin Dong
更新时间: 2024-08-26
摘要:

The reutilization of municipal wastes has always been one of the hottest subjects of sustainable development study. In this study, a novel biochar co-pyrolyzed from municipal sewage sludge and phosphorus tailings was produced to enhance the adsorption performance of the composite on Cu²⁺ and Cd²⁺. The maximum Cu²⁺ and Cd²⁺ adsorption capacity of SSB-PT were 44.34 and 45.91 mg/g, respectively, which were much higher than that of sewage sludge biochar (5.21 and 4.58 mg/g). Chemisorption dominated the whole adsorption process while multilayer adsorption and indirect interaction were also involved. According to the result of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS), the load of CO₃²⁻, Mg²⁺, and Ca²⁺ on the surface of SSB-PT enhanced the precipitation and ion exchange effect. Posnjakite and CdCO₃ were formed after the adsorption of Cu²⁺ and Cd²⁺, respectively. Besides, complexation, and metal-π interaction were also involved during the adsorption process. Therefore, this study offered a promising method to reuse sewage sludge and phosphorus tailings as an effective adsorbent.

157. 题目: Valorization of Prosopis Juliflora biochar for supercapacitor application: Techno-economic and lifecycle analysis
文章编号: N24082611
期刊: Journal of Cleaner Production
作者: Subramaniyasharma Sivaraman, Thiruvenkatam Subramaniam, Saravanan Ramiah Shanmugam, Devaraj Sappani, Ponnusami Venkatachalam, Noori M Cata Saady
更新时间: 2024-08-26
摘要: poses a significant concern to environmental engineers because of its adverse effects on the local communities and environment. The pyrolysis method was employed to recover value-added products from PJ biomass, producing biochar, bio-oil, and pyrogas. A 1:4 biochar-to-KOH ratio produced activated carbon (PJBAC-K4) with a specific surface area of 1140 m/g and 80% mesopores. The electrode demonstrates a specific capacitance of 288 F/g at 1 A/g. Additionally, the results demonstrate a prolonged lifespan (at least 10,000 charge-discharge cycles), with a retention rate of 91.3% of the initial capacitance. Techno-economic analysis revealed that the net unit production cost of PJBAC-K4 is $18.41 per kg, which comes to around 0.006 cents/F, and the expected payback time is 5.16 years. Sensitivity analysis revealed that process economics is highly vulnerable to utility and raw material prices. The completed life cycle study revealed the environmental benefits of lower global warming potential compared to commercially available activated carbons.

158. 题目: Reuse of straw in the form of hydrochar: Balancing the carbon budget and rice production under different irrigation management
文章编号: N24082610
期刊: Waste Management
作者: Kechun Wang, Junzeng Xu, Hang Guo, Zhihui Min, Qi Wei, Peng Chen, Steven Sleutel
更新时间: 2024-08-26
摘要: Hydrochar is proposed as a climate-friendly organic fertilizer, but its potential impact on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in paddy cultivation is not fully understood. This two-year study compared the impact of exogenous organic carbon (EOC) application (rice straw and hydrochar) on GHG emissions, the net ecosystem carbon budget (NECB), net global warming potential (net GWP), and GHG emission intensity (GHGI) in a rice pot experiment using either flooding irrigation (FI) or controlled irrigation (CI). Compared with FI, CI increased ecosystem respiration by 23 – 44 % and NO emissions by 85 – 137 % but decreased CH emissions by 30 – 58 % ( < 0.05). Since CH contributed more to net GWP than NO, CI reduced net GWP by 16 – 220 %. EOC amendment increased crop yield by 5 – 9 % ( < 0.05). Compared with CK, hydrochar application increased initial GHG emission, net GWP and GHGI in the first year, while in the second year, there was no significant difference in net GWP and GHGI between CI–hydrochar and CK. Compared with straw addition, hydrochar amendment reduced net GWP and GHGI by 20 – 66 % and 21 – 66 %; and exhibited a lower net CO emission when considering the energy input during the hydrochar production. These findings suggest that integrated CI-hydrochar practices would be a sustainable and eco-friendly way for organic waste management in rice production as it holds potential to enhance the NECB and SOC sequestration of rice production, while also offsetting the extra carbon emissions from organic inputs.

159. 题目: Critical insights into ensemble learning with decision trees for the prediction of biochar yield and higher heating value from pyrolysis of biomass
文章编号: N24082609
期刊: Bioresource Technology
作者: Saurav Kandpal, Ankita Tagade, Ashish N Sawarkar
更新时间: 2024-08-26
摘要: Pyrolysis is an efficient thermochemical conversion process, but accurate prediction of yield and properties of biochar presents a significant challenge. Three prominent ensemble learning methods, viz. Random Forest (RF), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), and Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost) were utilized to develop models to predict yield and higher heating value (HHV) of biochar. Dataset comprising 423 observations from 44 different biomasses was curated from peer-reviewed journals for predicting biochar yield. RF regressor achieved a test R2 of 0.86 for biochar yield, while XGB regressor achieved a test R2 of 0.87 for biochar HHV prediction. The SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis was conducted to assess influence of each feature on the model’s output. Pyrolysis temperature and ash content of biomass were identified as the most influential features for the prediction of both yield and HHV of biochar. The partial dependence plots (PDPs) revealed nonlinear relationships, interpreting how the model formulates its predictions.

160. 题目: Integration of bare soil and crop growth remote sensing data to improve the accuracy of soil organic matter mapping in black soil areas
文章编号: N24082608
期刊: Soil and Tillage Research
作者: Yu Zhang, Chong Luo, Yuhong Zhang, Liren Gao, Yihao Wang, Zexin Wu, Wenqi Zhang, Huanjun Liu
更新时间: 2024-08-26
摘要: Accurately mapping the spatial distribution of soil organic matter (SOM) content is critical for informed land management decisions and comprehensive climate change analyses. Remote sensing-based SOM mapping models during periods of bare soil exposure have demonstrated efficacy in various regional studies. However, integrating bare soil imagery with growing season imagery for SOM content mapping remains a complex process. We conducted a study in Youyi Farm, a representative area of black soil in Northeast China. We collected 574 soil samples (0–20 cm) with SOM content through field sampling and laboratory analysis. Additionally, cloud-free Sentinel-2 images were obtained from the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform for both the bare soil period (April-June, October) and crop growth period (July-September) from 2019 to 2021. To assess the influence of crop growth information on SOM mapping, we incorporated remote sensing imagery during the crop growth period, considering different crop type zones (maize (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max L.), and rice (Oryza sativa L.)). We conducted overall and zonal regressions using the random forest (RF) model to validate the prediction results through cross-validation. Our findings indicate that: (1) adding crop growth period images to the bare soil period images in different years can improve the accuracy of SOM mapping. For example, in the overall regression model of 2020, the highest accuracy was achieved by using the combination of May-July images, with an R value of 0.70 and an RMSE value of 0.71 %; (2) zonal regression by differentiating crop types can effectively improve the SOM mapping accuracy. In 2019, using zonal regression, the R of SOM mapping accuracy was improved by 0.02 and the RMSE was reduced by 0.03 % compared with the overall regression; (3) precipitation is an important factor affecting the accuracy of SOM prediction, and the lower the precipitation, the higher the accuracy of SOM prediction. In summary, the results of this study show that in the SOM remote sensing mapping of the black soil area, the growing period remote sensing information of different crop types should be comprehensively considered and combined with the image data of the years of lower precipitation, the accuracy of the SOM mapping can be effectively improved, which provides a new technological path and an application basis for the enhancement of the accuracy in remote sensing mapping with soil attributes.