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161. 题目: Variation of Dissolved Organic Matter Chemistry in the Runoff From Slopes Covered With Biocrusts Under Rainfall: Insights From the Linkages Between the Optical and Molecular Composition Analyses 文章编号: N24101903 期刊: Land Degradation & Development 作者: Guo Chen, Hao Wang, Qing‐wei Zhang, Ren Geng, Jian Wang, Yuan‐bi Yi, Ming Li, Ding He 更新时间: 2024-10-19 摘要: Variation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) largely affects the regional and even global carbon cycle. Both optical techniques and ultra‐high‐resolution mass spectrometry have their advantages and disadvantages, and the combination of them can better track DOM cycles. However, the relationship between the optical and molecular characteristics of DOM in the runoff from slopes covered with biocrusts are still unclear. Therefore, optical techniques and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT‐ICR MS) were combined to explore the DOM composition in the runoff from different runoff plots (i.e., bare runoff plot [BP], cyanobacterial crusts covered runoff plot [CP], mixed crusts covered runoff plot [MIP], moss crusts covered runoff plot [MOP]) under different rainfall intensities in the current study. The findings stated that the runoff from BP and CP exhibited a higher proportion of terrestrial DOM under heavy rainfall intensity (HRI), whereas DOM in the runoff from MIP and MOP were primarily controlled by microbial sources. The DOM unique molecules in the runoff from CP were more recalcitrant under HRI than those under light rainfall intensity (LRI), and these differences decreased with the increased with the succession stage of biocrusts. The results of aromaticity characterized by optical method and FT‐ICR MS were generally consistent. Meanwhile, Spearman correlation analysis also indicated that the optical parameters can be utilized for the estimation of molecular characteristics and labile in the runoff from slopes covered with biocrusts after the necessary calibration of the correction between the optical and molecular parameters. |
162. 题目: Seasonal changes in black carbon footprint on the Antarctic Peninsula due to rising shipborne tourism and forest fires 文章编号: N24101902 期刊: Science Advances 作者: Newton Magalhães, Heitor Evangelista, Sérgio J Gonçalves, Alexandre S Alencar, Elaine Alves do Santos, Márcio Cataldo, Joseph R McConnell, Renata Simões Silveira, Paul A Mayewski, Mariusz Potocki, Jefferson C Simões, Ricardo Jaña 更新时间: 2024-10-19 摘要: Refractory black carbon (rBC) has great potential to increase melting when deposited on snow and ice surfaces. Previous studies attributed sources and impacts of rBC in the northern Antarctic Peninsula region by investigating long-range atmospheric transport from South Hemisphere biomass burning and industrial regions or by assessing impacts from local tourism and research activities. We used high-resolution measurements of refractory rBC in a firn core collected near the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, as well as atmospheric rBC from Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2, satellite measurements, modeling, burned area data, and tourism statistics, to assess combined impacts of both long-range transported rBC and locally emitted rBC. Our findings suggest that tourism activities have a regional rather than local impact and the increase in rBC concentrations during late spring-summer, influenced by tourism activities and fires in the Southern Hemisphere, can enhance ice melt. This highlights the need for strategies to reduce local and distant rBC emissions. |
163. 题目: Pear twig biochar combined with nitrogen fertilizer regulates morpho-physiological growth, copper uptake and tuber quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) grown in polluted soil 文章编号: N24101901 期刊: Environmental Research 作者: Hongyang Wang, Youhong Feng, Die Zhang, Zhiling Wang, Yan Yang, Yunxing Kong, Muzammal Rehman, Zahid Maqbool, Shah Saud, Taufiq Nawaz, Khaled El-Kahtany, Shah Fahad, Gang Deng, Xia Liu 更新时间: 2024-10-19 摘要: Application of pear twig derived biochar and nitrogen fertilizer is strategic for addressing the challenges posed by copper pollution in soils. Their combined use aims to improve plant health and promote sustainable agricultural practices, which leads to better potato growth and quality. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the effects of different levels of pear twig biochar (B0:0, B1:3, B2:5, B3:7% w/w) combined with nitrogen fertilizer (N0:0, N1:150, N2:200, N3:250, N4:300 mg kg-1) on morpho-physiological growth and copper uptake of potato cultivated in Cu polluted soil. Results showed that combined approach of pear twig biochar and nitrogen significantly influenced morpho-physiology, antioxidant enzyme activity, mineral content and tuber quality of potato. B2N3 significantly increased the plant height and chlorophyll in plants as compared to B0N0 (control). Malondialdehyde and proline contents were highest in control; however, maximum reductions in MDA and proline contents were recorded at B2N4 (70.32% and 92.12% at budding stage, respectively) and at B2N3 (82.44% and 91.93% at flowering stage, respectively). Likewise, B2N3 showed maximum reduction in activities of peroxidase (7343.47 and 11077.27 U g-1), catalase (1184.98 and 165.64 U g-1) and superoxide dismutase (14.84 and 19.94 U g-1) at budding and flowering stages, respectively. However, lowest contents of soil available Cu (2.03 ± 0.5 μg g-1) and tuber flesh Cu (4.44 ± 0.3 μg g-1) were recorded at B2N3 as compared to control. Interestingly, 7% biochar at all levels of nitrogen exhibited a significant decrease in soil available Cu and tuber flesh Cu. Tuber quality traits were also significantly improved at B2N3 as compared to control. However, future research and field trials can help refine the best practices for integrating these elements in different agricultural systems. |
164. 题目: Food waste biochar for sustainable agricultural use: Effects on soil enzymes, microbial community, lettuce, and earthworms 文章编号: N24101811 期刊: Chemosphere 作者: Akumuntu Athanasie, Eun Hea Jho, Seong-Jik Park, Jin-Kyung Hong 更新时间: 2024-10-18 摘要: This study investigates the effects of food waste biochar (FWB) on the biological properties of soil, including the microbial community structure, enzyme activities, lettuce growth, and earthworm ecotoxicity. This holistic assessment of various soil organisms was used to assess the potential of FWB as a soil amendment strategy. Pot experiments were carried out over a 28-d period using various FWB concentrations in soil (0–3% w/w). The presence of FWB enhanced the activity of alkaline phosphatase and beta-glucosidase in proportion to the FWB concentration. Similarly, the dehydrogenase activity after 28 d was positively correlated with the FWB concentration. Notably, the application of FWB improved the bacterial diversity in the soil, particularly among hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria, while also prompting a shift in the fungal community structure at the class level. Measures of lettuce growth, including total fresh weight, shoot length, and leaf number, also generally improved with the addition of FWB, particularly at higher concentrations. Importantly, FWB did not adversely affect the survival or weight of earthworms. Collectively, these findings suggest that FWB can enhance soil microbial enzyme activity and support plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, potentially leading to increased crop yields. This highlights the potential of FWB as an eco-friendly soil amendment strategy. |
165. 题目: Advances in sustainable production and applications of nano-biochar 文章编号: N24101810 期刊: Science of the Total Environment 作者: Shristi Shefali Saraugi, Winny Routray 更新时间: 2024-10-18 摘要: Biochar is a carbonaceous material that can be amplified into nano-biochar (N-BC) using different physicochemical techniques. Contrary to bulk biochar, nano-biochar, and have better physicochemical characteristics, including a large specific surface area, pore properties, distinctive nanostructure, and high catalytic activity. The spotlight of this review is to contribute up-to-date information on the scaling up of biochar into nano-biochar through various sustainable techniques. This review paper is a compilation of research on nano-biochar from biochar including preparation, distinctive characteristics, and intended applications in the environmental and agricultural sectors, along with some other cutting-edge applications, which are all covered in detail in this review paper and also provides the knowledge gap that will be useful for future investigation and development. |
166. 题目: Dissolved organic matter-mediated adsorption behavior of benzophenones on functionalized covalent triazine frameworks 文章编号: N24101809 期刊: Chemical Engineering Journal 作者: Chao Zhu, Mingzheng Yang, Jiaxin Wu, Jun Wang, Qile Fang, Shuang Song, Baoliang Chen, Yi Shen 更新时间: 2024-10-18 摘要: Adsorption is a highly efficacious technique for the remediation of organic micropollutants (OMPs). However, the presence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) frequently impedes adsorbent process, with insufficient attention given to this influence. This study systematically evaluates the adsorption performance of covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) functionalized with electron-donating or electron-withdrawing groups for benzophenones (BPs). The adsorption capacities of SO3H-CTF, OH-CTF, and NH2-CTF for BPs were 512.11 μmol/g, 1356.27 μmol/g, and 1421.85 μmol/g, respectively. The adsorption mechanism is predominantly governed by π-π electron donor–acceptor (EDA) interactions, supplemented by hydrogen bonding, particularly in hydroxyl-containing BPs, with electrostatic interactions being relatively negligible. Functionalization with − OH and − NH2 groups increased the electron density in π-conjugated regions, enhancing BPs adsorption capacity, whereas − SO3H modification, due to its electron-withdrawing nature, acted as a π electron acceptor. Importantly, the mediating role of humic acid (HA) in the adsorption process was investigated. The CTF-BPs-HA ternary system can either inhibit/enhance π-π EDA interactions between π-electron donor/acceptor and BPs by adsorbing onto the CTF materials. The HA-mediated system primarily affects the film diffusion stage, with minimal impact on pore diffusion and inner surface adsorption. The oxygenated functional groups in HA slightly enhanced hydrogen bonding within the adsorption system, with negligible influence on electrostatic interactions. In the presence of HA, the overall adsorption capacity of SO3H-CTF decreased by 67.0 %, while that of OH-CTF and NH2-CTF increased by 120.9 % and 55.3 %, respectively. This study elucidates the electronic behavior modifications of functionalized CTFs during BPs adsorption and underscores the significant role of HA in interaction mechanisms, providing theoretical guidance for the design of advanced adsorbents to enhance pollutant removal efficiency. |
167. 题目: The concentration of dissolved organic matter impacts the neurobehavior in zebrafish larvae exposed to cyclophosphamide 文章编号: N24101808 期刊: Environmental Science and Pollution Research 作者: Tianming Liu, Dongshen Shang, Weiqi Tian, Yindong Li, Rong Xie, Jianxing Zhao, Heru Dong 更新时间: 2024-10-18 摘要: Dissolved organic matter (DOM) occurs ubiquitously in various water matrices and affects the chemical speciation and toxicity of emerging contaminants, such as cyclophosphamide (CP). However, the effects of CP in aquatic organisms with the presence of DOM have been relatively less addressed. In this study, zebrafish eggs < 4 h post fertilization (hpf) were exposed to CP (0 and 50 μg/L) and humic acid (HA, a main component of DOM, 0, 3, 10, and 30 mg-C/L) until 7 days post fertilization, and its toxicity was evaluated by behavioral approaches and transcription of nervous-related genes. An increase in swimming velocity and anxiety was noticed in zebrafish larvae exposed to CP. The related genes of neurotransmitter (drd1, mao, thp1b, and gad2), neurodevelopment (gli2b, nrd, and gfap), and neuroinflammation (thfα, casp3, and il-6) were upregulated by CP. In the presence of HA (3 mg-C/L), the behaviors and gene transcripts of zebrafish larvae were enhanced, while at 10 mg-C/L, they were mitigated. This study has demonstrated that DOM at low concentration increases the toxicity of CP and at high concentration alleviates its toxicity. This study highlights the importance of emerging contaminant exposure with the presence of DOM on their toxicities in aquatic organisms. |
168. 题目: Removal of cefuroxime from aqueous solution by biochars derived from antibiotic mycelial residue 文章编号: N24101807 期刊: Environmental Science and Pollution Research 作者: Xiaoli Ren, Yingfu Li, Tao Feng, Juan Lei, Lijun Cheng 更新时间: 2024-10-18 摘要: In China, antibiotic mycelial residue is categorized as hazardous waste. To achieve the harmless and resourceful disposal of cephalosporin, three types of biochars from cephalosporin mycelia residues, namely non-activated carbon (BC1), ZnCl2-activated carbon (BC2), and KOH-activated carbon (BC3), were respectively fabricated by high-temperature pyrolysis carbonization technology. These three kinds of biochars were characterized via iodine value, FTIR, and SEM, and the adsorption performance of the prepared biochars was investigated using cefuroxime (CXM) as the adsorption target. The results indicated that BC3 biochar possesses the most well-developed pores and the highest iodine value of 1367.41 mg/g; The most suitable dosage is 1.6 g/L, and the lower the pH, the more favorable the adsorption effect. The investigation of adsorption kinetics revealed that it conformed to the kinetic model of pseudo-second order, as well as the process of adsorption was governed by the chemical adsorption mechanism, the rate of adsorption was affected by the collective impact of the quantity of active sites present and the interaction strength between the CXM molecules and the biochar. The exploration of adsorption thermodynamics revealed that it aligned with the Langmuir model, the surface of biochar was relatively uniform, and the adsorption was mainly of low coverage; The calculation of thermodynamic parameters demonstrated that the adsorption was exothermic and spontaneous. |
169. 题目: Iron as a precursor of aggregation and vector of organic carbon to sediments in a boreal lake 文章编号: N24101806 期刊: Biogeochemistry 作者: Simon David Herzog, Viktoriia Mekelesh, Margarida Soares, Ulf Olsson, Per Persson, Emma Sofia Kritzberg 更新时间: 2024-10-18 摘要: While organic matter (OM) interactions in the water column prevent iron (Fe) precipitation and sedimentation, Fe also acts as a precursor of aggregation and a vector of OM to sediments. This study aims to characterize Fe–OM interactions to understand the role of Fe in promoting aggregation and transport of OM. Samples of Fe and OM were collected from water, settling material, and sediment along a gradient starting from the inlet and continuing offshore within a boreal lake. Fe speciation was determined using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and the chemical composition of OM was assessed using Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT IR) and Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The results show a decrease in Fe and OM concentrations in the water column with increasing distance from the inlet. Winter sampling revealed a shift in Fe speciation from dominance of organically complexed Fe to an increase in Fe(oxy)hydroxide, accompanied by a loss of aromatic and carboxylate function of OM. Summer sampling revealed no significant changes along the gradient, with Fe(oxy)hydroxide and carbohydrates dominating the water phase. Interestingly, settling particles and surface sediments were dominated by Fe(oxy)hydroxides and aliphatic OM. We propose that phototransformation may be an important process that influences the interaction between Fe and OM and, as a consequence, their fate along the spatial gradient. Our study suggests a photochemically induced loss of carboxylate groups, reflected by an increased carbohydrate-to-carboxylate ratio along the gradient, particularly in winter, and generally lower levels during summer. Loss of carboxylate function promotes the formation of Fe(oxy)hydroxides, which in turn, facilitates the aggregation and sinking of OM, particularly aliphatic components. These insights contribute to a broader understanding of carbon cycling and storage in lakes. Future studies should assess the significance of photochemical processes to OM burial and it how may change given trends in Fe and OM in northern regions. |
170. 题目: Enhanced anaerobic co-digestion of food waste and sewage sludge by co-application of biochar and nano-Fe3O4. 文章编号: N24101805 期刊: Journal of Environmental Management 作者: Liwen Luo, Roghayeh Karimirad, Jonathan W C Wong 更新时间: 2024-10-18 摘要: Conductive materials have been utilized to facilitate direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) in anaerobic digestion (AD) to enhance methane production. However, the impact and efficacy of the co-application of biochar and nano-Fe3O4 have not been adequately elucidated, particularly their interaction on electron transfer efficiency. In this investigation, we examined the influence of simultaneously or independently adding biochar and nano-Fe3O4 to food waste (FW) and sewage sludge (SS) anaerobic co-digestion. A synergistic effect was observed under the co-application condition. Methane production reached 300.3 ± 19.8 mL/gCOD with the co-application of biochar and nano-Fe3O4, representing a 43.3%, 35.4%, and 5.4% increase compared to the sole Fe3O4, biochar, and nano-Fe3O4, respectively. Mechanistic analysis revealed that, in comparison to sole biochar and nano-Fe3O4, their co-occurrence significantly accelerated hydrolysis and acidogenesis, thereby enhancing the release of soluble organic components. Furthermore, the application of nano-Fe3O4 improved system stability and significantly promoted propionate degradation, maintaining a favorable condition for methane production. Additionally, the noteworthy increase in INT-ETS activity and cytochrome c concentration indicated that the co-application of biochar and nano-Fe3O4 stimulated electron transfer. Correspondingly, the activity of coenzyme F420, which indicates the performance of methanogenesis, exhibited a 2.44-fold increase compared to the control. This indicated that nano-Fe3O4 and biochar co-amendment can serve as a robust platform to strengthen DIET. This study provided a new insight regarding the application of biochar and nano-Fe3O4 in the AD system for strengthening electron transfer to promote methane production. |
171. 题目: Changes in Cd forms and Cd resistance genes in municipal sludge during coupled earthworm and biochar composting. 文章编号: N24101804 期刊: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 作者: Zhimin Yu, Meng Zhou, Hongwei Zhang, Lei Yuan, Pin Lv, Limin Wang, Jizhou Zhang 更新时间: 2024-10-18 摘要: There is a close relationship between microbial activity and the bioavailability of heavy metals, and heavy metal resistance genes can affect the activity of heavy metals. To evaluate the effects of coupled earthworm and biochar composting on Cd forms and Cd resistance genes in sludge, the BCR continuous extraction method was applied to classify the Cd forms, and Cd resistance genes were quantitatively determined with heavy metal gene chip technology. The results showed that the changes in earthworm biomass during composting were sufficiently fitted by logistic models and that adding biochar effectively increased earthworm biomass. The coupled treatment of earthworms and biochar promoted the degradation of sludge. The coupled treatment of earthworms and biochar reduced the proportion of acid-extractable and reducible Cd relative to total Cd, increased the proportion of oxidized and residual Cd relative to total Cd, transformed Cd forms from active to inert, and reduced the gene copy number of Cd resistance genes (czcA, czcB, czcC, czcD, czcS, czrA, czrR, cadA, and zntA). czcB was identified as a key gene that affected acid-extractable Cd and residual Cd contents; czcA, czcB, czcD, and czcS were identified as key genes that affected the reducible Cd content; czrR and cadA were identified as key genes that affected the oxidized Cd content; and czcC was identified as a key gene that affected the total Cd content. Cd resistance genes could directly affect the Cd form or indirectly affect Cd form through their interactions with each other. |
172. 题目: The driving mechanism of diverse land use types on dissolved organic matter characteristics of typical urban streams from Wuhan city. 文章编号: N24101803 期刊: Journal of Environmental Management 作者: Hui Zhang, Zufan Liu, Jing Xu, Jun Yang, Xiang Zhang, Shiyong Tao 更新时间: 2024-10-18 摘要: Urban streams play a crucial role in water network connectivity, drainage and urban landscaping, and receive abundant allochthonous dissolved organic matter (DOM), which is derived from nature and human activities. However, the influence of diverse land use types on the spatiotemporal distribution and characteristics of DOM in typical urban streams is still not fully understood. Therefore, the water sample collection and data analysis campaign were carried out in Wuhan in summer and winter. By using parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) model, two humic-like substances and one protein-like component were eventually identified, and the specific DOM charcteristics of urban streams in industrial area illustrated the impact of allochthonous DOM caused by anthropogenic activities on their properties. The characteristics of DOM presents spatiotemporal distribution differences, and the fluorescence intensity of DOM in summer was significantly higher than that in winter, mainly due to the variation of allochthonous input from precipitation and runoff. Significant differences of the DOM concentration and composition in urban streams under different vegetation coverage were found, indicating that extreme human disturbance and high vegetation coverage can both greatly change DOM characteristics in urban streams. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed an indirect driving effect of land use on DOM, and the influence was considerably stronger in summer. The partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) analysis showed that land use can directly affect DOM content of urban streams (-0.147), with anthropogenic land use playing a positive role and natural land use the reverse, and indirectly change DOM concentration by influencing DOM origin (0.128), nutrients (0.022) and heavy metals (0.021). Moreover, human social and economic structure in anthropogenic land use can affect DOM components and sources of urban streams. This study revealed the driving mechanism of land use impact on DOM characteristics and improve our understanding of DOM geochemical cycling in urban streams. |
173. 题目: The potential role of biochar in mitigating gaseous emissions from livestock waste - A mini-review. 文章编号: N24101802 期刊: Journal of Environmental Management 作者: Baitong Chen, Jacek A Koziel, Andrzej Bialowiec, Samuel C O'Brien 更新时间: 2024-10-18 摘要: The livestock industry plays a significant role in the economic well-being of many parts of the world with a host of environmental challenges. Key amongst them is the management of gaseous emissions emitted from livestock manure. Mitigation of gaseous emissions from livestock operations such as odor, odorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and greenhouse gases (GHGs) have been of research interest for the last couple of decades. Biochar, a low-cost-value byproduct of biorenewable energy and thermochemical waste processing compared with syngas and bio-oil, has been actively researched as a potential surficial treatment of manure and emissions from stored or co-composted manure. Yet, the efficacy of biochar treatment differs, partly because biochar properties vary with feedstock and thermochemical processing conditions. To date, the results from laboratory-scale trials are encouraging, but a more focused effort is needed to bring this technology closer to farm-scale applications. Therefore, this review aims to summarize and highlight current research related to mitigating gaseous emissions from manure treated with biochar. Various types of biochar, and modes of biochar applications, e.g., manure additives and co-composting, dosage, and timing, are discussed in the context of targeted gas emissions mitigation. Gaps in knowledge remain, including demonstrated larger-scale mitigation performance and verifiable technoecomics. Standardization and certification of biochar properties suitable for specific environmental management applications are recommended. The potential synergy between mitigating emissions, improving manure quality, carbon, and nitrogen cycling in animal and crop production agriculture is found. Biochar can be a comprehensive solution to gaseous emissions while also upgrading manure as a high-quality additive that could improve the sustainability of animal and crop production systems. |
174. 题目: Iron-modified biochars and their aging reduce soil cadmium mobility and inhibit rice cadmium uptake by promoting soil iron redox cycling. 文章编号: N24101801 期刊: Journal of Environmental Management 作者: Tianren Si, Xin Chen, Rui Yuan, Siyu Pan, Yan Wang, Rongjun Bian, Xiaoyu Liu, Xuhui Zhang, Stephen Joseph, Lianqing Li, Genxing Pan 更新时间: 2024-10-18 摘要: Iron (Fe) modified biochar has been widely used for cadmium (Cd) contaminated soil remediation. However, the accompanying anions introduced during the modification process potentially affect the behavior of Cd in soil. In this study, we investigated the distinct Cd immobilization mechanisms by Fe2(SO4)3 modified biochar (FSBC) and Fe(NO3)3 modified biochar (FNBC) in a two-year pot experiment. Results showed that both FSBC and FNBC significantly reduced Cd concentrations in rice grains by 23%-42% and 30%-37% compared to pristine biochar (BC). Specifically, NFBC promoted the formation of amorphous Fe oxides by enhancing the NO3--reducing Fe(II) oxidation process, which significantly increased Fe/Mn oxide-bound Cd and decreased soil CaCl2-extractable Cd. For FSBC, the introduction of SO42- significantly promoted the formation of Fe plaques by enhancing the Fe(III) reduction process, which blocked the Cd transfer from the soil to the rice roots. More importantly, after two years of biochar application, an organo-mineral complex layer is formed on the biochar surface, which immobilized a large amount of Cd. The Cd immobilization on the surface of aged biochar could be due to the fixation by the secondary Fe oxides within the organo-mineral layer and the complexation by the surface functional groups. The result of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry showed that the Cd content on aged FNBC and FSBC was 5.9 and 2.6 times higher than on aged BC. This might be attributed to the Fe-modified biochar's higher electron exchange capability (EEC), which promoted the development of organo-mineral complexes. Notably, the EEC of biochar was maintained during its aging process, which may keep the biochar surface active and facilitate continual Cd immobilization. This study revealed the complex mechanisms of soil Cd immobilization with Fe-modified biochar, providing new insights into sustainable biochar environmental remediation. |
175. 题目: Remediation of PBDE-Contaminated soil using biochar-based bacterial consortium QY2Y 文章编号: N24101720 期刊: Journal of Cleaner Production 作者: Zhanyu Guo, Ruxia Chen, Xiaofang Ouyang, Hua Yin 更新时间: 2024-10-17 摘要: Biochar-immobilized microbial technologies hold substantial promise for the remediation of environmental contaminants. However, the understanding of remediation efficiency and the operation of microbial consortia in complex soil environments using biochar as a carrier remains limited. In this study, we explored the impacts of biochar combined with bacterial consortium QY2Y (consisting of Chitinophaga sp. MH-1, Achromobacter sp. YH-1, Methylobacterium sp. ZY-1 and Sphingomonas sp. GY-1) on BDE-47 dissipation in contaminated soil, as well as its effects on soil-plant systems. The findings indicated that the immobilization of biochar and QY2Y not only stimulated the biodegradation of BDE-47 (61.50%) but also decreased the bioavailability of BDE-47, subsequently reducing the concentration of BDE-47 in the edible portion of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) by 82.00%. In addition, the combined treatment notably increased soil pH, enhanced the physicochemical properties and nutrient conditions of the soil, and amplified soil dehydrogenase, catalase, urease, and acid phosphatase activities by 58.72%, 69.25%, 54.24%, and 74.74%, respectively. The application of biochar-based QY2Y improved the soil microbial community structure, bolstered the interspecific symbiotic and cooperative relationships, and restructured the keystone taxa. The key species microbes had direct and significant positive effects on BDE-47 degradation, soil nutrients, and soil enzyme activity. This study deepens our understanding of the potential applications of immobilized microbial consortia in treating PBDE-contaminated soils and offers guidance for the management and remediation of contaminated soils. |
176. 题目: Nitrogen Self-Doped Biochar Sustainably Self-Activated from Cactus Solidified with Freeze-Drying Strategy for Lightweight Supercapacitor 文章编号: N24101719 期刊: ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 作者: Chun-Feng Xue, Le Wang, Li-Xiao Yang, Jun Li, Xiao-Hong Li, Xiao-Gang Hao 更新时间: 2024-10-17 摘要: To assemble lightweight devices for portable electronics, an electrode material with matched surface area and density is essential to balance the mass and volume specific capacitance. Herein, the biochar is directly self-activated from cactus pretreated by freeze-drying. The solidified pore structure of the pretreated cactus is easy to maintain during the subsequent carbonization process. As an interesting result, the typical biochar from freeze-dried cactus BFC-700 shows the highest specific surface area (904.4 m2 g–1) and micropore volume (0.36 cm3 g–1) among the samples, which are quadruple those of the control sample BC-700. It shows well-balanced mass specific capacitance and volume specific capacitance (528.3 F g–1, 464.9 F cm–3). In a two-electrode system with 1.0 M H2SO4 as the electrolyte, an energy density of 24.3 Wh kg–1 is achieved at a power density of 137.7 W kg–1. The capacitance retention is calculated to be 95.5% after 10,000 cycles of charge/discharge at a current density of 5.0 A g–1. It can be assembled into a coin-type (CR2025) symmetrical supercapacitor and can power 2.0 V bulbs. The results demonstrate that the freeze-drying treatment is suitable for biomass precursors with water-rich and mucilaginous structure to be converted into biochars. This work provides a green and sustainable method for preparing biochar electrodes with balanced capacitance properties. |
177. 题目: The Influence of Seawater on Fe(II)-Catalyzed Ferrihydrite Transformation and Its Subsequent Consequences for C Dynamics 文章编号: N24101718 期刊: Environmental Science & Technology 作者: Yanjun Dong, Jialin Wang, Chao Ma, Aaron Thompson, Congqiang Liu, Chunmei Chen 更新时间: 2024-10-17 摘要: Short-range-ordered minerals like ferrihydrite often bind substantial organic carbon (OC), which can be altered if the minerals transform. Such mineral transformations can be catalyzed by aqueous Fe(II) (Fe(II)aq) in redox-dynamic environments like coastal wetlands, which are inundated with seawater during storm surges or tidal events associated with sea-level rise. Yet, it is unknown how seawater salinity will impact Fe(II)-catalyzed ferrihydrite transformation or the fate of bound OC. We reacted ferrihydrite with Fe(II)aq under anoxic conditions in the absence and presence of dissolved organic matter (DOM). We compared treatments with no salts (DI water), NaCl–KCl salts, and artificial seawater mixes (containing Ca and Mg ions) with or without SO42–/HCO3–. Both XRD and Mössbauer showed that NaCl–KCl favored lepidocrocite formation, whereas Ca2+/Mg2+/SO42–/HCO3– ions in seawater overrode the effects of NaCl–KCl and facilitated goethite formation. We found that the highly unsaturated and phenolic compounds (HuPh) of DOM selectively bound to Fe minerals, promoting nanogoethite formation in seawater treatments. Regardless of salt presence, only 5–9% of Fe-bound OC was released during ferrihydrite transformation, enriching HuPh relative to aliphatics in solution. This study offers new insights into the occurrence of (nano)goethite and the role of Fe minerals in OC protection in coastal wetlands. |
178. 题目: Simultaneous removal of nitrate, manganese, zinc, and bisphenol A by a biofilm reactor with β-CD modified corn stover biochar and PU sponges: Performance and microbial community response 文章编号: N24101717 期刊: Environmental Research 作者: Miqi Ren, Junfeng Su, Yihan Bai, Yue Wang, Chenxi Hou, Ying Zhang 更新时间: 2024-10-17 摘要: In the present study, a biofilm reactor with manganese (Mn) redox cycling was established to remove nitrate (NO3--N), bisphenol A (BPA), zinc (Zn(II)), and Mn(II) using β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) modified corn stover biochar (BC) and polyurethane sponges loaded with Cupriavidus sp. HY129 and Pantoea sp. MFG10. At C/N = 2.0, HRT = 6 h, Mn(II) = 10.0 mg L-1, and BPA and Zn(II) concentrations = 1.0 mg L-1, the removal efficiencies of NO3--N, Zn(II), BPA, and Mn(II) were 81.5%, 86.5%, 87.9%, and 75.5%, respectively. The outcomes demonstrated the success that the addition of β-CD could accelerate electron transfer activity and the denitrification process. The remediation of BPA and Zn(II) was mainly through the adsorption of bioprecipitation generated by reactor operation. The bioreactor could preserve the stability of the biological community and the expression of pertinent functional genes under the coercion of BPA and Zn(II). |
179. 题目: How biochar curbs the negative impacts of plastic mulching on soil enzymes and microorganisms while elevating crop yields in ridge-furrow systems 文章编号: N24101716 期刊: Environmental Research 作者: Peng Zhang, Dongmei Wang, Zezhou Zhang, Xinyu Liu, Qiao Guo 更新时间: 2024-10-17 摘要: Ridge-furrow tillage is an important tillage and yield enhancement method used in dry farming areas; however, the spatial characteristics of the soil microenvironment under ridge-furrow tillage and the response of crop yields to mulching and biochar addition are not known. In this study, we conducted a three-year field experiment in which mulch and biochar, alone or combined, were introduced into ridge-furrow tillage system to explore their interactive effects on soil enzyme activities, bacterial communities, functional genes, and crop yields. The findings reveal significant spatial differences in soil physicochemical composition, enzyme activity, microbial communities, and functional genes under ridge-furrow tillage, which are further exacerbated by the addition of mulching and biochar. Under the premise of ridge-furrow tillage, both mulching and biochar addition reduce the α diversity of bacterial communities. Mulching simplifies the bacterial network, while biochar addition has the opposite effect. Mulching and biochar addition increase the relative abundance of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus functional genes and accelerate nutrient cycling, especially on the ridges. Mulching significantly improves crop yield but is detrimental to alkaline phosphatase activity and the abundance of the gene function. The addition of biochar mitigates the harm of mulching and further increases alfalfa yield. These findings not only provide scientific support for optimizing ridge-furrow tillage but also deepen our comprehensive understanding of the soil biochemical environment after the addition of mulching and biochar, further revealing their positive effects on yield formation. |
180. 题目: Effects of aged biochar additions at different addition ratios on soil greenhouse gas emissions 文章编号: N24101715 期刊: Science of the Total Environment 作者: Yongchun Zhou, Zili Zhao, Danyang Li, Yapeng Wang, Jinrong Yang, Wei Han, Song Li 更新时间: 2024-10-17 摘要: Biochar addition is effective in reducing soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, but it's essential to evaluate whether aged biochar retains this capability as its properties change over time. However, research comparing the effects of fresh and aged biochar on soil GHG emissions is limited. Moreover, exploring the priming effect of biochar on native soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization is crucial for revealing the effect mechanism on soil CO2 emission. However, research investigating the priming effects of aged biochar is limited. In this study, the effects of aged biochar addition on soil physicochemical properties, GHG emissions, and global warming potential (GWP) were examined through an incubation experiment with three treatments: (1) soil only (CK), (2) 1 % aged maize straw biochar addition (HBC1) and (3) 4 % aged maize straw biochar addition (HBC4), and then their effects were compared with those of fresh biochar from our previous research. 13C tracer technology was used to assess the priming effect of aged biochar on native SOC mineralization. Results showed that aged biochar improved soil physicochemical properties. Compared to CK, HBC1 and HBC4 reduced CO2 emissions by 28.02 % and 20.15 %, respectively, and reduced N2O emissions by 61.54 % and 66.39 %. HBC4 significantly increased CH4 emission, whereas HBC1 reduced it. HBC1 and HBC4 reduced GWP by 29.01 % and 21.41 %, respectively. Overall, aged biochar demonstrated a greater reduction effect compared to fresh biochar at the 1 % addition ratio. The CO2 reduction is attributed to the negative priming effect of aged biochar on native SOC mineralization. The reduction in N2O emissions is attributed to aged biochar promoting microbial nitrogen fixation and reducing the ratio of denitrification to nitrification. The variation in CH4 emissions reflects differing dominant factors influencing CH4 emission across varying addition ratios. In conclusion, 1 % aged biochar addition demonstrates a more favorable long-term effect on mitigating GHG emissions. |
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